Summary
The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Rugosa' [:'wrinkled', the leaves], was first listed in Audibert's Tonelle (1817), as "U. campestris Linn. 'Rugosa' = orme d'Avignon [Avignon elm] (new species)", but without description.[1] A description followed in the Revue horticole, 1829.[2] Green (1964)[3] identified this cultivar with one listed by Hartwig and Rümpler in Illustrirtes Gehölzbuch (1875) as Ulmus montana var. rugosa Hort..[4][5] A cultivar of the same name appeared in Loddiges' catalogue of 1836 and was identified by Loudon in Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum (1838) as Ulmus montana var. rugosa Masters,[6] Masters naming the tree maple-bark elm.[7] Ulmus montana was used at the time both for wych cultivars and for some cultivars of the Ulmus × hollandica group.[8]
| Ulmus 'Rugosa' | |
|---|---|
| Genus | Ulmus |
| Cultivar | 'Rugosa' |
| Origin | France |
Not to be confused with Späth's U. campestris rugosa, a suberose field elm.
Description edit
Revue Horticole (1829) described "l'orme d'Avignon" as a tall tree with downy buds producing large wrinkled leaves, elliptical in shape and tapering at both ends, with deeply double-toothed margins.[2] Loudon described his Ulmus montana var. rugosa as having "dark, reddish-brown bark, cracking into short, regular pieces, very like Acer campestre; a tree of spreading growth and moderate size". Hanham's Manual for Royal Victoria Park, Bath (1857) described the U. montana rugosa in that collection as "a spreading and moderate-sized tree, with rather irregular and contorted branches", its wrinkled leaves being "much smaller and rougher than the species and a deeper green".[9] Koch (1872) described Loddiges' Ulmus montana rugosa, "now cultivated under this name in the gardens and nurseries", as an elm "with elongated, thickish, deep-toothed leaves and with soft-haired young twigs". Though he had not seen its samarae, he was confident that it was "a very different elm" from the field elm 'Rugosa' cultivar.[10][11] Noting similarities between Ulmus montana rugosa and Ulmus crispa Willdenow, he conjectured that Ulmus montana rugosa, which has "similar but less frizzy leaves", may have arisen from Ulmus crispa.[11] The 'Rugosa' of Hartwig and Rümpler was described as having somewhat folded leaves, and being pyramidal, thick and bushy.[3]
Pests and diseases edit
Not known.
Cultivation edit
Loudon considered a tree labelled U. montana rugosa in the London Horticultural Society's Garden, with upright form and smaller, rougher leaves of a deeper green than those of wych elm, "probably not the U. montana rugosa of Mr. Masters". A specimen of U. montana rugosa, "the rugose Scotch elm", was among elms described at Royal Victoria Park, Bath, in the 1850s.[9] The Hesse Nursery of Weener, Germany, sold an Ulmus montana rugosa in the 1930s.[12]
An Ulmus montana var. rugosa pendula was distributed by the Mount Hope Nursery (also known as Ellwanger and Barry) of Rochester, New York, from the 1880s.[13] As Ulmus montana was used both for wych cultivars and for those of U. × hollandica, the cultivar named U. × hollandica 'Rugosa Pendula' (though not notably pendulous) growing at the Morton Arboretum (Acc. no. 652-62), received from Arnold Arboretum as Ulmus hollandica 'Rugosa Pendula',[14][15] is likely to be the Ellwanger and Barry clone. It has leaves to 15 cm (see Gallery).[16][17]
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![Ulmus × hollandica 'Rugosa Pendula', Morton Arboretum, US.[18]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/U._x_hollandica_%27Rugosa_Pendula%27_2.JPG/120px-U._x_hollandica_%27Rugosa_Pendula%27_2.JPG)
Ulmus × hollandica 'Rugosa Pendula', Morton Arboretum, US.[18] -
Leaves of same, Morton Arboretum, US.
![Ulmus × hollandica 'Rugosa Pendula', Morton Arboretum, US.[18]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/U._x_hollandica_%27Rugosa_Pendula%27_2.JPG/120px-U._x_hollandica_%27Rugosa_Pendula%27_2.JPG)
Accessions edit
- North America
Morton Arboretum, US.
References edit
- ^ Audibert, U., Catalogue des végétaux de tous genres cultivés dans les jardins et pépinières à Tonelle (Tarascon, France, 1817) p.23 catalogue of 1817
- ^ a b 'Plantes nouvelles', Revue horticole (Paris, 1829), p.28
- ^ a b Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. 24 (6–8). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University: 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- ^ Hartwig and Rümpler, Illustrirtes Gehölzbuch 583, 1875
- ^ Herbarium specimen of an U. × hollandica labelled U. montana rugosa Hort., science.udau.edu.ua
- ^ Loudon, Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum, 3: 1398, 1838
- ^ Masters, William (1831). Hortus Duroverni (3 ed.). p. 66.
- ^ Katalog (PDF). Vol. 108. Berlin, Germany: L. Späth Baumschulenweg. 1902–1903. pp. 132–133.
- ^ a b Hanham, F. (1857). A Manual for the Park (Royal Victoria Park, Bath). Longman, London.
- ^ Koch, Karl (1872). "Dendrologie; Bäume, Sträucher und Halbsträucher, welche in Mittel- und Nord- Europa im Freien kultivirt werden". Nature. 2 (44): 351–352. Bibcode:1870Natur...2..351O. doi:10.1038/002351a0. S2CID 12003546.
- ^ a b Koch, Karl (1872). "Dendrologie; Bäume, Sträucher und Halbsträucher, welche in Mittel- und Nord- Europa im Freien kultivirt werden". Nature. 2 (44): 351–352. Bibcode:1870Natur...2..351O. doi:10.1038/002351a0. S2CID 12003546.
- ^ Hesse, Hermann Albert (1933). Preis- und Sortenliste. pp. 91–92. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
- ^ Ellwanger & Barry, Descriptive catalogue of hardy ornamental trees, shrubs, etc. (Rochester, NY, 1880), p.38
- ^ quercus.mortonarb.org Ulmus hollandica 'Rugosa Pendula'
- ^ Photographs of Ulmus × hollandica 'Rugosa Pendula', Morton Arboretum, 'Ulmus Series', acorn.mortonarb.org
- ^ "Herbarium specimen - L.1587027". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. New leaves and samarae; sheet described as U. hollandica Mill. rugosa pendula (Arnold Arboretum specimen, 1930)
- ^ "Herbarium specimen - L.1587028". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Leaves; sheet described as U. hollandica Mill. rugosa pendula (Arnold Arboretum specimen, 1930; "Herbarium specimen - L.1587079". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Leaves; sheet described as U. hollandica Miller pendula Rehder, but identical to the above (Arnold Arboretum specimen, 1930); "Herbarium specimen - L.1587029". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Twigs and flowers; sheet described as U. hollandica Mill. rugosa pendula (Arnold Arboretum specimen, 1930)
- ^ Kew Plants of the World Online: ' Ulmus × hollandica Mill. Images'; photo of Morton Arboretum's 'Rugosa Pendula': Image 44 of 52; ID:1433561; powo.science.kew.org