Umberto Baldini (9 November 1921 – 16 August 2006) was an art historian and specialist in the theory of art restoration.

He earned a degree in art history with professor Mario Salmi, entered into service as inspector of the Soprintendenza of Florence, and in 1949 became director of the Gabinetto di Restauro. In this capacity, he was tasked with managing the emergency of the 1966 flood of Florence that damaged many masterpieces. The result of these interventions consecrated to the world the techniques and methodology of the so-called "Florentine school" of restoration.

In 1970 he became the first director of the Opificio delle Pietre Dure. From 1983 to 1987 he was the director of the Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (now the Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro) in Rome and, in these years, he led the restoration of the Brancacci Chapel in the church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence.

He then was named President of the Università Internazionale dell'Arte in Florence, and director of the Horne Museum, also in Florence.