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Urra=hubullu

Summary

The Urra=hubullu (𒄯𒊏 𒄷𒇧𒈝 ur5-ra — ḫu-bul-lu4) is a major Babylonian glossary or "encyclopedia".[1] It consists of Sumerian and Akkadian lexical lists ordered by topic.[2][3] The canonical version extends to 24 tablets, and contains almost 10,000 words.[4] The conventional title is the first gloss, ur5-ra and ḫubullu meaning "interest-bearing debt" in Sumerian and Akkadian, respectively. One bilingual version from Ugarit [RS2.(23)+] is Sumerian/Hurrian rather than Sumerian/Akkadian.

16th tablet of the Urra=hubullu, Louvre Museum

A partial table of contents:

  • Tablet 4: naval vehicles
  • Tablet 5: terrestrial vehicles
  • Tablets 13 to 15: systematic enumeration of the names of domestic animals, terrestrial animals, and birds (including bats)[5]
  • Tablet 16: stones
  • Tablet 17: plants.[6]
  • Tablet 22: star names[7]

The bulk of the collection was compiled in the Old Babylonian period (early 2nd millennium BC), with pre-canonical forerunner documents extending into the later 3rd millennium.[8]

Like other canonical glossaries, the Urra=hubullu was often used for scribal practice. Other Babylonian glossaries include:

  • Ea: a family of lists that give the simple signs of the cuneiform writing system with their pronunciation and Akkadian meanings. (MSL volume 14)
  • "Table of Measures": conversion tables for grain, weights and surface measurements. Again, it is not clear how these tablets were used.
  • Lú and Lú=ša, a list of professions (MSL volume 12)
  • Izi, a list of compound words ordered by increasing complexity
  • Diri "limited to compound logograms whose reading cannot be inferred from their individual components; it also includes marginal cases such as reduplications, presence or absence of determinatives, and the like." (MSL volume 14)
  • Nigga, Erimhuš and other school texts

References edit

  • Benno Landsberger The Series HAR-ra="hubullu", Materials for the Sumerian lexicon (MSL), 5. 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11, Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1957-
  • A. Poebel, The Beginning of the Fourteenth Tablet of Harra Hubullu, The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. 52, No. 2 (Jan., 1936), pp. 111-114
  • Soldt, W. H. van, "Babylonian Lexical, Religious and Literary Texts, and Scribal Education at Ugarit and its Implications for the Alphabetic Literary Texts," in: Ugarit: ein ostmediterranes Kulturzentrum in Alten Orient: Ergebnisse und Perspektiven der Forschung, Dietrich and Loretz eds., Abhandlungen zur Literatur Alt-Syrien-Palästinas, vol 7, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 1995, 171-212

References edit

  1. ^ Tarp, Sven; Gouws, Rufus H. (2023). "A Necessary Redefinition of Lexicography in the Digital Age: Glossography, Dictionography and Implications for the Future". Lexikos. 33. doi:10.5788/33-1-1826. ISSN 2224-0039.
  2. ^ Azevedo, Isabel Cristina Michelan de; Piris, Eduardo Lopes (June 2018). "Tradition of foreign language teaching and learning: focusing on the Brazilian Portuguese as a Foreign Language textbook". Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada. 18 (2): 417–443. doi:10.1590/1984-6398201812044. ISSN 1984-6398.
  3. ^ "Chapter Seven. Further Thoughts: The Cognitive Function Of Writing In MUL.APIN", Writing Science before the Greeks, BRILL, pp. 157–168, 2011-01-01, doi:10.1163/ej.9789004202306.i-223.57, ISBN 978-90-04-20231-3, retrieved 2024-01-02
  4. ^ HOROWITZ, W (1988). "An Assur Source for Urra 21: KAV 80 90 137 ( ) 89". An Assur Source for Urra 21: KAV 80 90 137 ( ) 89. 35: 64–72.
  5. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2016-10-24). "Hittite kapart-/kapirt - 'small rodent' and Proto-Semitic *ˁkbr-t- 'mouse, jerboa'". Indogermanische Forschungen. 121 (1): 53–62. doi:10.1515/if-2016-0003. ISSN 1613-0405. S2CID 171132035.
  6. ^ Heeßel, Nils P. (2012-10-26). "Diagnosis, Mesopotamian". The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah21106. ISBN 978-1-4051-7935-5.
  7. ^ Hätinen, Aino (2023-01-01). "BM 33878: A Uranology Fragment from Babylon". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 75: 189–195. doi:10.1086/725225. ISSN 0022-0256. S2CID 259765514.
  8. ^ Steele, Colin (October 2016). "You could look it up: the reference shelf from ancient Babylon to Wikipedia". The Australian Library Journal. 65 (4): 342–343. doi:10.1080/00049670.2016.1242103. ISSN 0004-9670.

External links edit

  • How to Recognize a Scribal School Archived 2019-02-19 at the Wayback Machine