Vanemuine (Eldermost) is a god of music in the artificial Estonian mythology created by Friedrich Robert Faehlmann and Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald. His name is probably derived from the Finnish Väinämöinen.^[1] Vanemuine is mentioned in the opening strophe of the epic Kalevipoeg by Kreutzwald.

In 1865, the Vanemuine Cultural Society was founded in Tartu, which evolved into the first Estonian-language theatre, Vanemuine, which continues to be the main theatre of the city of Tartu.