Summary
"Victimae paschali laudes" is a sequence prescribed for the Catholic Mass and some[who?] liturgical Protestant Eucharistic services on Easter Sunday. It is usually attributed to the 11th-century Wipo of Burgundy, chaplain to Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II, but has also been attributed to Notker Balbulus, Robert II of France, and Adam of St. Victor.
"Victimae paschali laudes" is one of only four medieval sequences that were preserved in the Roman Missal of the Tridentine Mass published in 1570 after the Council of Trent (1545–1563). The three others were "Veni Sancte Spiritus" for the feast of Pentecost, "Lauda Sion" for Corpus Christi, and "Dies irae" for the Requiem Mass (a fifth sequence, "Stabat Mater" for the Feast of the Seven Dolours of the Blessed Virgin Mary, was added to the missal by Pope Benedict XIII in 1727[1]). Before Trent, many other feasts also had their own sequences,[2] and some sixteen different sequences for Easter were in use.[3]
"Victimae paschali laudes" is one of the few sequences that are still in liturgical use today. Its text was set to different music by many Renaissance and Baroque composers, including Busnois, Josquin, Lassus, Willaert, Hans Buchner, Palestrina, Byrd, Perosi, and Fernando de las Infantas. Chorales derived from the sequence include "Christ ist erstanden" (12th century) and Martin Luther's "Christ lag in Todes Banden".
The section beginning Credendum est, with its pejorative reference to the Jews, was deleted in the 1570 missal, which also replaced praecedet suos (his own) with praecedet vos (you), and added "Amen" and "Alleluia" to the end.
Text edit
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Latin Victimae paschali laudes |
English (literal) Let Christians offer sacrificial |
English (The English Hymnal) Christians, to the Paschal Victim |
English (ICEL) Christians, to the Paschal Victim
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Jane E. Leeson translation edit
This metric paraphrase is commonly sung to various tunes, including VICTIMAE PASCHALI, ST GEORGE'S WINDSOR, or, with alleluias, to EASTER HYMN or LLANFAIR.[4][5]
Christ the Lord is risen today;
Christians, haste your vows to pay;
Offer ye your praises meet
At the Paschal Victim's feet.
For the sheep the Lamb hath bled,
Sinless in the sinner's stead;
"Christ is risen," today we cry;
Now He lives no more to die.
Christ, the victim undefiled,
Man to God hath reconciled;
Whilst in strange and awful strife
Met together Death and Life:
Christians, on this happy day
Haste with joy your vows to pay;
"Christ is risen," today we cry;
Now He lives no more to die.
Say, O wondering Mary, say,
what thou sawest on thy way.
'I beheld, where Christ had lain,
empty tomb and angels twain,
I beheld the glory bright
of the rising Lord of light;
Christ my hope is risen again;
now he lives, and lives to reign.'
Christ, who once for sinners bled,
Now the first born from the dead,
Throned in endless might and power,
Lives and reigns forevermore.
Hail, eternal Hope on high!
Hail, Thou King of victory!
Hail, Thou Prince of life adored!
Help and save us, gracious Lord.
Musical settings edit
The French composer Jehan Revert composed a setting for four-part choir and organ.
Νotes edit
- ^ Heartz, Daniel (1995). Haydn, Mozart and the Viennese School: 1740–1780. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 305. ISBN 0-393-03712-6. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^ David Hiley, Western Plainchant : A Handbook (OUP, 1993), II.22, pp.172–195
- ^ Joseph Kehrein, Lateinische Sequenzen des Mittelalters (Mainz 1873) pp78-90
- ^ "Christ the Lord is Risen Today (Leeson)". Archived from the original on 2017-04-18. Retrieved 2017-04-17.
- ^ "Christ the Lord is Risen Today".
External links edit
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PcerJeZDZSk YouTube recording
- Victimae paschali laudes from both Codex Las Huelgas (c. 1300–25) and Missale Romanum (1570) (PDF format).
- Settings and translations at Choralwiki Archived 2019-04-20 at the Wayback Machine
- Catholic Encyclopedia article
- Victimae Paschali Laudes, arr by Jehan Revert on YouTube