The temple is believed to have been built by the Pandya kings during the 13th century, as seen from the stone inscriptions in the temple.^[1] The temple here is one among the 108 Divya Desams and is dedicated to Vijayaraghavaswamy (Mulavar). There is a separate temple for Thayar in the form of Margathavalli Thayar and a sannidhi for Sri Ramanuja. The central shrine houses the image of the presiding deity, Vijayaraghava sported with four hands. He is seen in a posture holding the demigod bird Jatayu and performing the last rites. Sridevi and Bhudevi are sported along with their head facing earth. It is believed that the image is sported to indicate sorrow on the faces. Sridevi who is usually sported on the right side of Perumal is located to his left in this temple probably because of the sorrow created by the death of Jatayu. Ramanuja, the preceptor of Visishtadvaita philosophy had his early education at this temple.^[2]

Jatayu, the demigod bird of the Ramayana, was killed by the rakshasa king Ravana, while trying to save Sita during the abduction. Rama, the avatar of Vishnu and the hero of the Ramayana, who was in search of his wife Sita, are regarded to have arrived at this place. When Rama and Lakshmana went there in search of Sita, they find Jatayu mortally wounded in the forest.^[3] The eagle Jatayu narrated these events to Rama before breathing his last. The presiding deity, Vijayaraghava Perumal, is believed to have performed the last rites of Jatayu at this place. The water body where Jatayu fell is called Jatayu Tirtham.^[1] Jatayu belongs to the Pul (a separate family of eagle) family and was buried in a pit (Tamil: kuli), and hence this site is called Thiruputkuḻi. The same legend is also associated with Thirupullabhoothangudi Temple.^[4]

The temple is revered in Naalayira Divya Prabandham, the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by Thirumangai Alvar in one hymn. The temple is classified as a Divya Desam, one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book. Thiruputkuḻi is believed to be the birthplace of Yadava Prakaasa, the teacher of Vaishanava saint Ramanuja and also that of Pinpaḻagiya Perumal Jeeyar. Vedanta Desika composed hymns praising the presiding deity. Thirumangai Alvar has also revered the temple in his verses.^[1] The temple follows Pancharaktha Agama and the worship practises are carried out by hereditary priests belonging to the Porakathi Bhattar sect.^[1]

The temple priests perform the puja (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the Vaishnavaite community, a Brahmin varna. The temple rituals are performed six times a day: Ushathkalam at 7 a.m., Kalasanthi at 8:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 12:00 p.m., Sayarakshai at 5:00 p.m., Irandamkalam at 6:00 p.m. and Ardha Jamam at 7:30 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: alangaram (decoration), neivethanam (food offering) and deepa aradanai (waving of lamps) for both Vijayaraghava Perumal and Maragathavalli. During the last step of worship, nadasvaram (pipe instrument) and tavil (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the Vedas (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the temple mast. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple. The Brahmotsavam festival celebrated in the Tamil month of Masi (February - March), Theppotsavam (float festival) in Thai (January - February), Pavitrotsavam in Avani and Vaikuntha Ekadashi celebrated during the Tamil month of Margaḻi (December–January) are the major festivals celebrated in the temple. Srisukta Homam, a religious practice, is performed in the temple with 108 lotus leaves on full moon days.^[5]

• "Thiruputkuzhi - Sri Vijayaraghava Perumal Temple, Tirupukuzhi". Divyadesam.com. Retrieved 14 February 2010.
• "Thiruputkuzhi Sri Vijayaraghava Perumal Temple". Sri Vaishnavam Practices. Archived from the original on 23 February 2010. Retrieved 14 February 2010.