Vinogradov or Vinogradoff (Russian: Виногра́дов) is a common Russian last name derived from the Russian word виноград (vinograd, meaning "grape" and виноградник vinogradnik, meaning "vineyard"). Vinogradova (Russian: Виноградова) is a feminine version of the same name. Notable people with the surname include:

• Aleksandr Vinogradov (writer) (1930–2011), a Russian writer
• Aleksandr Vinogradov (canoeist) (born 1951), Soviet sprint canoer
• Alexandre Mikhailovich Vinogradov (1938-2019), Russian and Italian mathematician
• Alexander Vinogradov (geochemist) (1895–1975), Soviet geochemist, academician
• Alexander Vinogradov (bass) (born 1976), a Russian bass opera singer
• Alexandra Vinogradova (born 1988), Russian volleyballer
• Alexei Vinogradov (1899–1940), a Soviet World War II brigade commander
• Anton Vinogradov (born 1973), a Russian voice actor
• Askold Vinogradov (1929–2005), a Russian mathematician
• Dagnis Vinogradovs (born 1981), Latvia flatwater canoer
• Dmitry Vinogradov (1720–1758), a Russian scientist, inventor of porcelain
• Dmitry Vinogradov (mass murderer) (born 1983), Russian mass murderer
• Ekaterina Vinogradova (born 1977), Russian biathlete and cross-country skier.
• Georgi Vinogradov (1908–1980), a Russian tenor
• Ivan Vinogradov (1891–1983), a Russian mathematician
• Maria Vinogradova (1922–1995), Russian actress
• Nadezhda Vinogradova (born 1958), Soviet Union heptathlete
• Nikolai Vinogradov (1905–1979), Soviet naval officer
• Nikolay Vinogradov (born 1947), the governor of Vladimir Oblast
• Olga Vinogradova (1929–2001), Russian neurophysiologist
• Paul Vinogradoff (1854–1925), a Russian historian
• Pavel Vinogradov (born 1953), a Russian cosmonaut
• Sergei Vinogradov (footballer, born 1981) (born 1981), a Russian soccer player
• Sergei Vinogradov (journalist) (1958–2010), Russian author, journalist and translator
• Vasili Vinogradov (1874–1948), a Russian Tatar opera composer, violinist and pedagogue
• Vera Vinogradova (1895-1982), Soviet composer and pianist
• Viktor Vinogradov (1894–1969), a Russian linguist, literary critic, and academician
• Vladimir Vinogradov (1955–2008), a Russian businessman, the President of Inkombank
• Vladimir Vinogradov (diplomat) (1921–1997), a Soviet diplomat
• Vladislav Vinogradov (1899–1962), Soviet general
• Yekaterina Vinogradova (born 1980), Russian swimmer
• Yelena Vinogradova (born 1964), a Soviet sprinter
• Yuriy Vinogradov (1927–1999), Soviet sprint canoer