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Visa policy of the United Kingdom

Summary

The visa policy of the United Kingdom is the policy by which His Majesty's Government determines visa requirements for visitors to the United Kingdom, and the Crown dependencies of Guernsey, Jersey, and the Isle of Man and those seeking to work, study or reside there.

All visitors must obtain a visa from one of the British diplomatic missions unless they are citizens of one of the visa exempt countries (including members of the United Kingdom), or citizens who may obtain an Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA).

The UK operates its own visa policy and maintains the Common Travel Area with the Republic of Ireland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man.[1]

British Overseas Territories generally apply their own similar but legally distinct visa policies.

Visa policy map edit

 
  United Kingdom
  Freedom of movement / Common Travel Area
  Visa not required for 6 months, subject to UK Visitor Rules (no UK jobs market work, no recourse to public funds)
  Electronic travel authorisation
  Visa required for entry, and landside transit (unless holding exemption documents); visa-free airside transit
  Visa required for entry, and both landside and airside transit (unless holding exemption documents)

Visa exemption edit

The following persons can enter the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man without a visa:

As of right edit

Non-visa nationals edit

Citizens of the following countries and territories may enter United Kingdom without a visa for 6 months (or 1 month for permitted paid engagements):[4]

 
Passport stamp with 6 months' leave to enter endorsed in a pre-biometric Canadian Passport at the juxtaposed controls at the Port of Calais.

Non-visa nationals greeted by UK immigration officers arriving from outside the Common Travel Area are credibility-assessed as to grant of entry: "leave to enter". If granted for a regular visit they, excluding seven nations, receive a passport stamp in their passport at the UK Border Force entry checkpoint stating 'Leave to enter for 6 months: employment and recourse to public funds prohibited'. The exception covers nationals who are admitted, or admissible, by the ePassport gates system. These generally do not receive a passport stamp.[14][15] Those who entered using the Iris Recognition Immigration System (which was in operation from 2004 to 2013) did not receive a passport stamp.

Since 20 May 2019, Australian, Canadian, Japanese, New Zealand, Singaporean, South Korean and United States citizens seeking the above, most common, form of entry generally receive no passport stamp, regardless of whether they use an ePassport gate or a staffed control desk.[16][17] 3 categories of their applicants for entry must go to a staffed control desk, for their passport will receive the relevant stamp(s): on a permitted paid engagement;[18] or with a Tier 5 (Temporary Worker - Creative and Sporting) Certificate of Sponsorship (for up to 3 months);[19]

Instead of endorsing a passport stamp, UK Border Force officers are permitted to grant leave to enter by fax or e-mail. They may also grant this orally (including by telephone) to a non-visa national seeking to stay as a visitor for up to 6 months. They, in general, have no power to do so where it has been conferred by another Common Travel Area border official.[20]

In the case of certain general aviation flights travellers may sometimes not be inspected by the UK Border Force on arrival (depending on the risk assessment per the travellers' information submitted in advance via the General Aviation Report (GAR) form) and may be 'remotely cleared' instead. In this case, although leave to enter is granted by implication or process, no passport stamp is received.[21]

All people arriving in the UK directly from the Republic of Ireland (part of the Common Travel Area) are not subject to routine checks by the UK Border Force on arrival in the UK. By virtue of the Immigration (Control of Entry through Republic of Ireland) Order 1972, non-visa nationals are automatically deemed to receive leave to remain in the UK for 6 months (also known as 'deemed leave'). They are forbidden from gainful employment in the UK jobs market during this period.[22] In this situation, no passport stamp is received upon entry to the UK.[23]

Similarly, all persons travelling between the UK and the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man (parts of the Common Travel Area) are not subject to routine immigration checks and no passport stamps are endorsed (although customs checks are sometimes carried out on passengers travelling between the UK and the Channel Islands, as they are separate customs areas). By virtue of Schedule 4 to the Immigration Act 1971, any leave to enter that is granted by the Crown Dependencies has effect as if the leave to enter had been given by the UK (and vice versa) under the same conditions and for the same period of time.[24][25]

All travellers arriving in the Crown Dependencies (the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) directly from the Republic of Ireland (i.e. from within the Common Travel Area) are not subject to routine immigration checks and do not receive a passport stamp on arrival. Non-visa nationals are automatically deemed to receive leave to enter for 6 months and are not permitted to engage in gainful employment during this period.[26][27][28]

Electronic travel authorisation (ETA) edit

The UK implemented the Electronic Travel Authorisation system, from November 2023.[29] Citizens of the following countries may obtain an ETA.

ETA system will be applied to all 'visa-free countries (exclude Ireland)' in the future. It costs £10 to apply and the visa lasts up to 2 years with multiple entries allowed.

British-Irish Visa Scheme (BIVS) edit

Citizens of the following countries may travel to the UK without a visa if they hold a valid Irish visa endorsed with BIVS:[31]

Ukraine scheme edit

Citizens of Ukraine (and their family members of any nationality) who have a family member or sponsor in the UK may apply online for permission to enter and remain in the UK. If approved, they may travel to the UK with such permission letter instead of a visa.[34][35]

Non-ordinary passports edit

Holders of diplomatic, official, service and special passports of the following countries and territories do not require a visa for tourism, business and official purposes for a Indefinite Period Of Stay (unless otherwise stated):

D - Diplomatic passports
S - Special passports
SPA - Service and public affairs passports, if travelling with a government minister on an official visit.

Visa exemption and exemption from immigration control applies to (holders of UN Passport when they travel to the UK on an official visit), (holders of Interpol Passport when on duty) and (employees of NATO and EU when travelling for business or official purposes only).[36]

Transit edit

There are 2 types of transit through the United Kingdom under the United Kingdom Transit Rules - airside transit and landside transit.[131][132][133] The Transit Without Visa facility for visa requiring nationals was abolished, effective 1 December 2014, and replaced with United Kingdom Transit Rules.[134] Notwithstanding the lists below, in general, even persons from 'Direct Airside transit visa-exempt nationalities' require a transit visa if transiting though the UK to other parts of the Common Travel Area including Ireland.

With the introduction of the Electronic Travel Authorisation system, everyone, unless exempt from needing an ETA, will need an ETA even if in transit, irrespective of whether it is an airside or landslide transit. (see list of countries needing an ETA above)

Airside transit
  • Available only at London Heathrow Airport.
  • Available only to passengers arriving and departing by air to an international destination other than Ireland on the same day.
  • Available only to passengers not leaving the airside zone of the airport and not passing through immigration control.
  • Concerns passengers who would normally require a visitor visa to enter the United Kingdom but who hold a Direct Airside Transit visa, a passport of an airside transit visa-exempt country, or an airside transit visa exemption document.
Landside transit
  • Available only to passengers arriving and departing by air by 23:59 the next day who require passing through immigration control and leaving the airport building only for transit purposes.
  • Concerns passengers who would normally require a visitor visa to enter the United Kingdom but who hold a Visitor in Transit visa or a landside visa exemption document.
Airside transit visa-exempt citizens
  •   Stateless persons holding UN Convention 1954 travel documents and refugees whose original nationality is exempt.
Airside transit visa exemption documents

The exemption applies where travellers:

  • arrive and depart by air, and
  • the onward flight must be confirmed, and must depart the same day, and
  • have proper documentation for their destination (including a visa for the destination country if necessary), and
  • fulfil any one of the below conditions:
  1. have a valid visa for Australia, Canada, New Zealand or the US, whether or not travelling to or from those countries, or
  2. have a valid Australian or New Zealand residence visa; or
  3. have a valid Canadian permanent resident card issued on or after 28 June 2002; or
  4. have a valid uniform format residence permit issued by an EEA state under Council Regulation (EC) number 1030/2002; or
  5. have a valid Irish biometric visa endorsed BC or BC BIVS; or
  6. have a valid uniform format category D visa for entry to a state in the European Economic Area (EEA); or
  7. have a valid US I-551 permanent resident card issued on or after 21 April 1998; or
  8. have an expired I-551 permanent resident card issued on or after 21 April 1998, accompanied by an I-797 extension letter; or
  9. have a standalone US Immigration Form 155A/155B attached to an envelope; or
  10. have a valid Schengen Approved destination Scheme (ADS) group tourism visa where the holder is travelling to the country that issued it or holds a valid airline ticket from the Schengen area, provided the holder can demonstrate they entered there no more than 30 days previously on the basis of a valid Schengen ADS visa;

E-visas or e-residence permits are not acceptable for airside transit unless the airline is able to verify it with the issuing country. Nationals of Syria who are holders of US B1/B2 visas are not visa-exempt.

Visitor in Transit visa exemption documents

The exemption applies where travellers:

  • arrive and depart by air, and
  • the onward flight must be confirmed, and must depart by 23:59 the following day, and
  • have proper documentation for their destination (including a visa for the destination country if necessary), and
  • fulfil any one of the below conditions:
  1. have a valid entry visa for Australia, Canada, New Zealand or the US, and a valid airline ticket for travel via the UK, as part of a reasonable journey to or from one of those countries, or
  2. have a valid airline ticket for travel via the UK as part of a reasonable journey from Australia, Canada, New Zealand or the US, if they are transiting the UK no more than 6 months after the date when they last entered Australia, Canada, New Zealand or the US with a valid entry visa for that country; or
  3. have a valid Australian or New Zealand residence visa; or
  4. have a valid Canadian permanent resident card issued on or after 28 June 2002; or
  5. have a valid uniform format residence permit issued by an EEA state under Council Regulation (EC) number 1030/2002; or
  6. have a valid Irish biometric visa endorsed BC or BC BIVS; or
  7. have a valid uniform format category D visa for entry to a state in the European Economic Area (EEA); or
  8. have a valid US I-551 permanent resident card issued on or after 21 April 1998; or
  9. have an expired I-551 permanent resident card issued on or after 21 April 1998, accompanied by an I-797 extension letter; or
  10. have a standalone US Immigration Form 155A/155B attached to an envelope;

E-Visas such as those regularly issued by Australia or e-residence permits are not acceptable for landside transit.

Obtaining an entry visa edit

 
Mandatory tuberculosis testing for a long term UK visa
 
The UK visa in a Russian student's passport

Visitors entering the UK, the Channel Islands and/or the Isle of Man who do not qualify for one of the visa exemptions listed above have to apply for a visa in advance through the UK Visas and Immigration at a visa application centre.

All visitors must apply by registering an online account (except citizens of North Korea who must apply in person at the British Embassy), fill in the application form, pay the fee and attend an appointment at a visa application centre.[135]

A visitor's visa for a single stay or multiple stays of up to 6 months costs £95. A multiple-entry visitor's visa valid for 2 years costs £361, 5 years £655, and 10 years £822.[136][137] Chinese citizens in can, for certain common forms of travel, obtain a 2-year, multiple-entry visitor's visa at a cost of £95.[138][139] Being a digital nomad is explicitly allowed on a standard visitor visa as long as the clients or employer are not based in the UK and there is no access to the UK jobs market.[140]

Family members of EU, EEA and Swiss citizens who are not covered by one of the visa exemptions above can apply for an EEA Family Permit free of charge (instead of a visa).[141]

Visitors applying for most types of UK visas (including a visitor's visa and an EEA Family Permit) are required to submit biometric identifiers (all fingerprints and a digital facial image) as part of the visa application process.[142] However, diplomats, foreign government ministers and officials and members of Commonwealth Forces are exempt from the requirement to submit biometric identifiers. Applicants who have obtained a new passport and are merely requesting a transfer of their visa vignette from their old passport to their new passport are not required to re-submit biometric identifiers.[143] In addition, applicants who are travelling directly to the Channel Islands or Gibraltar without passing through the UK or the Isle of Man are exempt from providing biometric information.[144] Children must be accompanied by an adult when their biometric identifiers are taken. Biometric identifiers may be shared with foreign governments. Biometric identifiers are destroyed 10 years after the last date a person's fingerprints and digital facial image were captured.[145]

Most visa applications are decided within 3 weeks.[137]

Applicants resident in the following countries and territories who wish to enter the UK for 6 months or more are required to be tested for tuberculosis as part of the visa application process:[146]

After a person has successfully obtained a UK visa, if they subsequently obtain a new passport, but the UK visa in their old passport still has remaining validity, they are not required to have the UK visa vignette affixed in the old passport transferred to the new passport, but must be able to present both the new and old passports at passport control when entering the UK.[147]

If a person who has successfully obtained a UK visa subsequently loses the passport in which the visa vignette is affixed (or if it is stolen), they have to pay the original visa fee in full again and may be required to show that their circumstances have not changed when applying for a replacement visa. However, a new 'confirmation of acceptance for studies' (CAS)/'certificate of sponsorship' (COS) is not required when applying for a replacement Tier 4/Tier 2 visa.[143]

Visa types edit

These are correct as of April 2015.

Visitor visas edit

  • Standard Visitor visa[148][149]
  • Marriage Visitor visa[150]
  • Permitted Paid Engagement visa[151]
  • Parent of a Tier 4 child visa[152]
  • Visa to pass through the UK in transit[131]
    • Direct Airside Transit visa
    • Visitor in Transit visa

Work visas edit

As of September 2023:

  • British National (Overseas) visa[153]
  • Charity Worker visa (Temporary Work)[154]
  • Creative Worker visa (Temporary Work)[155]
  • Exempt vignette[156]
  • Frontier Worker permit[157]
  • Global Talent visa[158]
  • Government Authorised Exchange visa (Temporary Work)[159]
  • Graduate Trainee visa (Global Business Mobility)[160]
  • Graduate visa[161]
  • Health and Care Worker visa[162]
  • High Potential Individual (HPI) visa[163]
  • Innovator Founder visa (formerly Innovator visa)[164][165]
  • International Agreement visa (Temporary Work)[166]
  • International Sportsperson visa[167]
  • Minister of Religion visa (T2)[168]
  • Overseas Domestic Worker visa[169]
  • Religious Worker visa (Temporary Work)[170]
  • Representative of an Overseas Business visa [171]
  • Scale-up Worker visa[172]
  • Seasonal Worker visa (Temporary Work)[173]
  • Secondment Worker visa (Global Business Mobility)[174]
  • Senior or Specialist Worker visa (Global Business Mobility)[175]
  • Service providers from Switzerland visa[176]
  • Service Supplier visa (Global Business Mobility)[177]
  • Skilled Worker visa[178]
  • Turkish Worker visa [179]
  • UK Ancestry visa[180]
  • UK Expansion Worker visa (Global Business Mobility)[181]
  • Youth Mobility Scheme visa[182]


  • Entrepreneur visa (Tier 1) [closed for new applications][183]
  • Investor visa (Tier 1) [closed for new applications][184]
  • Start-up visa [closed for new applications][185]
  • Turkish Businessperson visa [closed for new applications][186]

Student visas edit

  • Short-term study visa
  • Tier 4 visa
    • General
    • Child

History edit

 
Visa policy of the UK from 1960 to the present
  United Kingdom or British Empire
  Visa-free access (subject to UK arrival with credible presentation as a visitor)

By early 1917, all aliens (i.e. persons who were not British subjects) were required to obtain visas from a British consul before embarking for the United Kingdom.[187] Visa requirements would then be maintained for aliens under the peacetime regime of immigration control retained after 1918.

Visas were mutually abolished between the UK and France in July 1921, although this did not apply to French overseas territories or the rest of the British Empire.[188]

Visa fee reduction between the UK and the United States had been discussed as early as 1925.[189] They were mutually reduced by 80 per cent on 1 April 1937; by February 1938, such fees had already been abolished between the US and most European countries,[190] but American citizens continued being required visas for entry into the UK until 1948.

Post-World War II edit

Members of the British Empire had been considered British subjects before the war and did not generally need visas; this did not apply to mandated territories such as South West Africa or Western Samoa, whose residents did need visas but were eligible to stay indefinitely.[191] As dominions became more independent and adopted their own nationality laws, however, visa restrictions started to be applied.

The abolition of visa requirements was increased in post-war era as part of a policy to make travel freer and easier; by 1949 visa requirements had been abolished in 20 countries.[192]

Although waiving visas or visa charges for United States citizens was discussed as early as 1930,[193] such visas would remain until 1948, when the UK abolished such visas and the US waived visa fees and doubled visa lengths for UK citizens, albeit stopping short at full visa abolition due to domestic considerations; MP Phil Piratin was denied a visa.[194][195]

Modern history edit

In March 2007, the Home Office announced that it would carry out its first Visa Waiver Test to review the list of countries and territories outside the European Union, European Economic Area and Switzerland whose nationals are exempt from holding a visa for the UK.

After carrying out the review, in July 2008, Jacqui Smith, the Home Secretary, and David Miliband, the Foreign Secretary, announced to Parliament that the results of the test showed a 'strong case' for introducing visa regimes for 11 countries (Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Lesotho, Malaysia, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela) having taken into account the following factors (including the extent to which they were being addressed by the countries' authorities):[196][197][198]

  • Passport security and integrity
  • The degree of co-operation over deportation or removal of the countries' nationals from the UK
  • Levels of illegal working in the UK and other immigration abuse (such as fraudulent asylum claims)
  • Levels of crime and terrorism risk posed to the UK

Following the July 2008 announcement, the UK Government entered into a 6-month period of 'detailed dialogue' with the governments of the 11 countries 'to examine how risks can be reduced in a way that obviates the need for a visa regime to be introduced'. In order to maintain visa-free access to the UK, the 11 countries had to 'demonstrate a genuine commitment to put into effect credible and realistic plans, with clear timetables, to reduce the risks to the UK, and begin real implementation of these plans by the end of the dialogue period'.[196]

On 9 January 2009, the new visa rules announced required citizens of Bolivia, Lesotho, South Africa and Swaziland to obtain a visa, and only Venezuelan nationals travelling on biometric passports with an electronic chip issued since 2007 could continue to enter the UK without a visa.[199] The existing visa-free status for citizens of Botswana, Brazil, Malaysia, Mauritius, Namibia and Trinidad and Tobago was maintained.[200]

Starting from 3 March 2009, a transitional regime was put in place until 30 June 2009 for South African citizens - those who held a valid South African passport and had previously entered the UK lawfully using that passport could continue to enter the UK without a visa, whilst all other South African citizens were required to apply for a visa. On the same day, Taiwan citizens were able to enter the UK without a visa.[201] On 18 May 2009, Bolivian citizens were no longer able to enter the UK without a visa and Venezuelan citizens were required to present a biometric passport to enter the UK without a visa.[202] On 1 July 2009, all South African citizens were required to apply for a visa to enter the UK. On the same day, citizens of Lesotho and Swaziland were required to apply for a visa to enter the UK.

On 30 March 2010, Alan Johnson, the Home Secretary, and David Miliband, the Foreign Secretary, announced to Parliament that, having carried out a review of visa regimes in relation to Eastern Caribbean countries, 5 countries (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Grenada, St Kitts and Nevis and St Vincent and the Grenadines) would have their visa-free status maintained. At the same time, the UK Government would enter a six-month period of 'detailed dialogue' with the governments of 2 countries (Dominica and St Lucia), who would have to 'demonstrate a genuine commitment to put into effect credible and realistic plans, with clear timetables, to reduce the risks to the UK, and begin implementing these plans by the end of the dialogue period' to maintain their visa-free status.[203] On 2 March 2011, Theresa May, the Home Secretary, and William Hague, the Foreign Secretary, announced to Parliament that the governments of Dominica and St Lucia 'have made concrete improvements to the immigration, border control and identity systems which would not have happened without the test', and so the visa-free status for the 2 countries would be maintained.[204]

On 13 June 2011, new Immigration Rules were laid before Parliament that came into force on 4 July 2011 introducing a new streamlined application procedure (waiving the normal requirements to provide documentary evidence of maintenance and qualifications at the time of application) for some non-visa nationals from 'low-risk countries' who wish to study in the UK for more than 6 months and apply for Tier 4 entry clearance. The following 15 countries and territories were categorised as 'low-risk' and included in 'Appendix H' of the Immigration Rules: Argentina, Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago and the United States.[205][206][207] Although the announcement did not relate to a Visa Waiver Test per se, it showed that the UK Border Agency considers some countries and territories in the list of visa-free nationalities to be lower risk than others. In particular, Trinidad and Tobago, which was considered to be a high-risk country from a visa regime perspective in 2008 when the Visa Waiver Test was carried out, was now viewed by the UK Border Agency as a low-risk country. On 5 September 2012, two more countries (Botswana and Malaysia) were added to the list of 'low-risk' nationalities for the purpose of Tier 4 entry clearance applications, i.e. 'Appendix H', (taking effect on 1 October 2012),[208] whilst on 6 September 2013, Barbados was also added to 'Appendix H' (taking effect on 1 October 2013).[209] Again, although the announcement did not relate to a Visa Waiver Test per se, it showed that Botswana, Malaysia and Barbados (countries which were considered to be a high-risk countries from a visa regime perspective when the Visa Waiver Test was carried out in 2008 in the case of Botswana and Malaysia, and in 2010 in the case of Barbados) were now viewed by the UK Border Agency as low-risk countries.[208][210]

In March 2013, it was revealed that Theresa May, the Home Secretary, was considering removing Brazil from the list of visa-exempt nationalities due to concerns about illegal immigration, since Brazil was fifth in the top 10 of illegal immigrant nationalities in the UK according to Home Office figures for 2011, and was the only country on the list for which short-term visitors do not need a visa. However, the UK Government later decided to retain the visa exemption for Brazilian citizens, a decision which was seen as attempting to develop closer trading links with Brazil.[211]

On 1 January 2014, an electronic visa waiver (EVW) scheme was introduced, enabling citizens of Oman, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates who have obtained an EVW authorisation online to visit and / or study in the UK for up to 6 months without a visa;[212] with Kuwait added to the EVW scheme during February 2016.[213]

After 'assessing countries against a list of risk and compliance criteria', the UK Government added Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and the UAE to 'Appendix H' (the list of 'low-risk' nationalities for the purpose of Tier 4 student visa applications) at various periods between 2014 and 2018 but according to the Cambridge Education Group, Oman was to be removed from this Appendix.[214] However, it doesn't seem like this may have occurred.

These 2 changes reflect the UK Government's view that Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and the UAE should now be regarded as low-risk countries from a visa regime perspective and it is possible that, in future, nationals of these four countries will be classified as non-visa nationals (enabling them to visit and/or study in the UK without a visa for up to 6 months without having to obtain an EVW authorisation online every time they wish to enter the UK).

On 13 March 2014, the UK Government announced that, with effect from 5 May 2014, Venezuelan citizens (including those with biometric passports) would require a visa to enter the UK.[215][216]

In January 2020, British ambassador to Ukraine announced that there would be no visa-free arrangements for Ukrainian citizens.[217]

On April 9, 2020, the Home Office issued a new immigration rule imposing visa restriction on low-skilled people workers with effect from January 2021. The restriction introduced a new point-based immigration system, allotting points for certain skills, salaries, qualification and shortage occupations. Any worker with points falling below the given threshold will be restricted from applying for UK work visa, as per the new immigration rule.[218][219] Free Movement, a UK-based website updating, commenting, training and advising on immigration and asylum laws, claims that nurses, hospital porters, cleaners, postal workers, etc., are to be worst affected by the new immigration law.[220]

In February 2021, the UK's new visa scheme stated that Hong Kong residents with a British National (Overseas) passport can stay in the UK for five years and get full citizenship.[221]

In May 2022, a new visa scheme was offered to graduates from the world's top 50 universities, giving them a two year long work visa with the opportunity to prolong it if they meet certain requirements.[222]

From 4 August 2022, police registration is no longer required.[223]

Reciprocity edit

Of the 82 countries and territories whose citizens are granted 6 months' visa-free access to the UK:

Beyond reciprocity (recent legacy arrangements)

Three South American legacy arrangements remain, and one recent other, as at 2020: (standard visitor grants of entry obtainable to, for duration stated)

No reciprocity
  • Papua New Guinea requires British citizens to apply for a visa on arrival, valid for up to 60 days, for PGK100 (tourist) or PGK500 (business)

Visitor statistics edit

Most visitors arriving to United Kingdom were from the following countries of nationality. Note the statistics for Ireland are fluid; no visitor conditions attach and visits across the land border are not counted.[225]

Nationality Total
2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
  United States   4,499,000   3,877,000   3,910,000   3,455,000   3,266,000   2,976,000   2,778,000   2,840,000   2,846,000
  France   3,561,000   3,693,000   3,956,000   4,064,000   4,171,000   4,114,000   3,974,000   3,787,000   3,633,000
  Germany   3,233,000   3,262,000   3,380,000   3,341,000   3,249,000   3,220,000   3,048,000   2,967,000   2,947,000
  Ireland   2,851,000   2,782,000   3,029,000   2,897,000   2,632,000   2,486,000   2,350,000   2,453,000   2,574,000
  Spain   2,319,000   2,530,000   2,413,000   2,397,000   2,197,000   1,986,000   1,746,000   1,716,000   1,836,000
  Italy   2,197,000   1,808,000   1,779,000   1,990,000   1,794,000   1,757,000   1,636,000   1,521,000   1,526,000
  Netherlands   1,987,000   1,954,000   2,136,000   2,062,000   1,897,000   1,972,000   1,891,000   1,735,000   1,789,000
  Poland   1,651,000   1,817,000   1,807,000   1,921,000   1,707,000   1,494,000   1,339,000   1,222,000   1,057,000
  Belgium   1,135,000   1,116,000   1,148,000   1,048,000   1,175,000   1,122,000   1,174,000   1,113,000   984,000
  Australia   1,063,000   1,003,000   1,092,000   982,000   1,043,000   1,057,000   1,058,000   993,000   1,093,000
  China   1,010,000   472,000   406,000   307,000   325,000   233,000   237,000   215,000   181,000
   Switzerland   926,000   808,000   989,000   940,000   872,000   864,000   807,000   832,000   768,000
  Romania   902,000   987,000   944,000   891,000   693,000   471,000   377,000   267,000   259,000
  Canada   874,000   850,000   835,000   828,000   708,000   649,000   731,000   704,000   740,000
  Sweden   789,000   827,000   831,000   821,000   850,000   869,000   784,000   777,000   794,000
  India   692,000   511,000   562,000   415,000   422,000   390,000   373,000   339,000   355,000
  Denmark   691,000   735,000 – 730,000   730,000   756,000   662,000   696,000   636,000   614,000
  Norway   647,000   673,000   712,000   700,000   771,000   874,000   838,000   771,000   739,000
  Portugal   613,000   431,000   482,000   492,000   392,000   395,000   285,000   292,000   283,000
  United Arab Emirates   553,000   392,000   374,000   365,000   347,000   260,000   304,000   256,000   241,000
  Czech Republic   414,000   412,000   375,000   414,000   465,000   352,000   356,000   325,000   286,000
  Hong Kong   409,000   243,000   230,000   218,000   204,000   159,000   163,000   135,000   149,000
  Japan   389,000 – 247,000   247,000   246,000   194,000   222,000   225,000   243,000   237,000
  Austria   342,000   322,000   307,000   302,000   277,000   263,000   275,000   268,000   271,000
  Hungary   334,000   437,000   415,000   397,000   328,000   323,000   276,000   262,000   210,000
  Turkey   334,000   177,000   230,000   196,000   192,000   196,000   154,000   145,000   126,000
  Brazil   291,000   240,000   244,000   187,000   324,000   293,000   258,000   260,000   276,000
  Israel   265,000   278,000   265,000   209,000   205,000   185,000   179,000   138,000   164,000
  Greece   250,000   200,000   213,000   227,000   225,000   238,000   181,000   159,000   225,000
  Lithuania   236,000   372,000   327,000   242,000   271,000   198,000   202,000   171,000   178,000
  Bulgaria   235,000   266,000   262,000   248,000   173,000   184,000   125,000   138,000   97,000
  South Africa   217,000   224,000   230,000   188,000   231,000   217,000   225,000   211,000   194,000
  Finland   215,000   214,000   258,000   261,000   245,000   255,000   212,000   208,000   233,000
  Nigeria   208,000   107,000   119,000   101,000   128,000   134,000   157,000   154,000   142,000
  Russia   199,000   181,000   227,000   147,000   164,000   249,000   214,000   227,000   211,000
  Malta   190,000   72,000   104,000   87,000   74,000   100,000   85,000   65,000   64,000
  New Zealand   188,000   216,000   220,000   213,000   207,000   196,000   165,000   175,000 — 187,000
  Thailand   184,000   93,000   94,000   77,000   79,000   76,000   74,000   75,000   65,000
  Mexico   166,000   153,000   155,000   106,000   102,000   92,000   109,000   84,000   78,000
  Luxembourg   146,000   76,000   83,000   104,000   122,000   97,000   90,000   83,000   73,000
  Cyprus   128,000   96,000   163,000   135,000   136,000   119,000   123,000   111,000   124,000
  Slovakia   113,000   142,000   179,000   156,000   175,000   132,000   146,000   120,000   117,000
  Pakistan   90,000   102,000   69,000   66,000   58,000   75,000   63,000   73,000   65,000
  Egypt   52,000 — 43,000   43,000   42,000   47,000   59,000   54,000   50,000   41,000
  Morocco   33,000   32,000 – 33,000   33,000   29,000   35,000   31,000   26,000   19,000
  Sri Lanka   29,000   20,000   17,000   22,000   16,000   17,000   24,000 — 20,000   20,000
  Barbados   27,000   22,000 – 11,000   11,000   16,000   9,000   10,000   6,000   11,000
  Tunisia   9,000   5,000   7,000   12,000   14,000   9,000   10,000 — 9,000 — 9,000
  Jamaica   8,000   15,000   8,000   4,000   14,000 — 10,000   10,000 — 7,000   7,000
Total   40,857,000   37,905,000   39,214,000   37,609,000   36,115,000   34,377,000   32,692,000   31,084,000   30,798,000

See also edit

 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for United Kingdom.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Isle of Man.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Channel Islands.

Notes edit

  1. ^ Irish citizens under the Common Travel Area arrangements can freely travel between Ireland and the United Kingdom, and if asked to evidence their identity, any independently issued photographic identity card will be sufficient, unless other facts or circumstances bring Irish citizenship into question. To enable carriers to meet carrier regulations they are required to bear a valid Irish passport or passport card if entering the United Kingdom from a third country.[2][3]
  2. ^ a b c d e May enter on a national ID card at the Ireland-Northern Ireland land border, and elsewhere if belonging to specific categories.[5]
  3. ^ Persons holding a Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport. See also British National (Overseas) for persons residing in Hong Kong holding a form of British nationality.[6]
  4. ^ Persons holding a Macao Special Administrative Region passport.[7]
  5. ^ Only for holders with their personal ID numbers stipulated in their respective passports. Taiwan issues passports without ID numbers to some persons not having the right to reside in Taiwan, including nationals without household registration and certain persons from Hong Kong, Macau, and mainland China.[8][9] The visa waiver granted by the United Kingdom to Taiwan passport holders has not altered its non-recognition of Taiwan as a sovereign country.
  6. ^ Holders of passports that do not contain a personal identification number.
  7. ^ Holders of biometric passports only.

References edit

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  56. ^ Under unilateral decision of the UK Government
  57. ^ "UK Treaties Online". Archived from the original on 2018-10-06. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
  58. ^ Was applied from 1 June 1961 under unilateral decision of the UK Government; from 19 December 1968 under Visa exemption agreement "UK Treaties Online". Archived from the original on 2018-10-06. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
  59. ^ Was applied from 1 June 1961 under unilateral decision of the UK Government; from 19 September 1962 under Visa exemption agreement "UK Treaties Online". Archived from the original on 2018-10-06. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
  60. ^ Was applied from 1 June 1961 under unilateral decision of the UK Government; from 30 May 1962 under Visa exemption agreement "UK Treaties Online". Archived from the original on 2018-10-06. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
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  90. ^ "Statement of changes to the Immigration Rules: HC 628, 6 September 2013" (PDF). Gov.UK. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  91. ^ Paragraph 7.5 “Holders of non-national travel documents currently require a visa before travel to the United Kingdom. This rule encapsulates holders of Holy See Service and Temporary Service passports issued by the Holy See. The Government has assessed the procedures for issuance of these documents and their security to be robust enough to merit an exemption from the visit visa requirement. Nationals, citizens and diplomatic passport holders of the Vatican City are already exempt from the visa requirement.” "Statement of changes to the Immigration Rules: HC887, 9 December 2013" (PDF). Gov.UK. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
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  96. ^ Exchange of Notes between the United Kingdom and Austria constituting an Agreement relating to the Abolition of Passport Visas for the Nationals of the Two States
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  99. ^ Was applied from 1 October 1973. "Exchange of Notes between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Imperial Iranian Government concerning the Abolition of Visas" (PDF). UK Treaties Online, Treaty Section of the Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
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  102. ^ Was applied from 1 April 1960. "Exchange of Notes between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of Turkey constituting an Agreement for the Abolition of Visas" (PDF). UK Treaties Online, Treaty Section of the Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Retrieved 24 January 2019. Previous visa-free agreement was applied from 9 November 1952 to 1 April 1960. "Exchange of Notes between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of Turkey constituting an Agreement for the Abolition of Visas" (PDF). UK Treaties Online, Treaty Section of the Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  103. ^ Also was applied as French Algeria under visa-free agreement with France from 1 January 1947 to July 1962.
  104. ^ Was applied from 1 November 1958. "Exchange of Notes between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of Morocco for the Mutual Abolition of Visas on Passports" (PDF). Retrieved 24 January 2019.
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  106. ^ "Statement of treaties and international agreements, October 1991, United Nations" (PDF). Retrieved 24 January 2019.
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  108. ^ Was applied from 14 May 1969. Exchange of Notes between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia concerning the Abolition of Visas
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  117. ^ Was applied from 1961. Exchange of Notes between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of Colombia regarding the Reciprocal Abolition of Visas
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  123. ^ "Statement of changes to the Immigration Rules: HC22, November 1999 - GOV.UK".
  124. ^ "Statement of changes to the Immigration Rules: HC1301, 7 November 2002 - GOV.UK".
  125. ^ "Statement of changes to the Immigration Rules: HC180, January 2003 - GOV.UK".
  126. ^ Was applied from 17 April 1960. Exchange of Notes between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Bolivia regarding the Reciprocal Abolition of Visas Archived 2017-03-31 at the Wayback Machine
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