BREAKING NEWS
Cloud Server Hosting For Online Businesses
Inexpensive SEO Services
Benefits of Wanting to play Free Online Slot machines
WAMPAS Baby Stars

Summary

The WAMPAS Baby Stars was a promotional campaign sponsored by the United States Western Association of Motion Picture Advertisers, which honored 13 (15 in 1932) young actresses each year whom they believed to be on the threshold of movie stardom. The campaign ran from 1922 to 1934, except for 1930 and 1933.

The "WAMPAS Baby Stars" of 1932. Rear row: Toshia Mori, Boots Mallory, Ruth Hall, Gloria Stuart, Patricia Ellis, Ginger Rogers, Lilian Bond, Evalyn Knapp, Marian Shockley. Front row: Dorothy Wilson, Mary Carlisle, Lona Andre, Eleanor Holm, Dorothy Layton (June Clyde is not pictured).

Most failed to live up to their promotion. However, a small number of the selections went on to become major movie stars: Colleen Moore (1922), Jobyna Ralston (1923), Clara Bow (1924), Janet Gaynor (1926), Fay Wray (1926), Dolores del Rio (1926), Dolores Costello (1926), Mary Astor (1926), Joan Crawford (1926), Loretta Young (1929), Jean Arthur (1929), Joan Blondell (1931) and Ginger Rogers (1932). Gaynor, Astor, Crawford, Young and Rogers all were awarded the Academy Award for Best Actress during their careers, with Gaynor receiving the first one during the first year of the award's existence.

Clara Bow was a Silent era star known as The It Girl. She was Hollywood's greatest female draw at her peak, but her career predated the Academy Awards. Arthur and Blondell had long and fruitful careers in Hollywood, the former as a lead actress, the latter usually in supporting roles after the Pre-Code era.

Others with significant Hollywood careers included Evelyn Brent (1923), Joyce Compton (1926), Lupe Velez (1928), Constance Cummings (1931, who decamped to England), Frances Dee (1931), and Gloria Stuart (1932, whose career revived in the 1990s and she received a nomination as Best Supporting Actress for her role in Titanic).

Overview edit

 
WAMPAS Baby Stars of 1925.
1922—1935

The WAMPAS Baby Stars campaign began in 1922. Every year, publicists chose a group of young actresses who were under contract at major studios that they felt were on the threshold of stardom. Awardees were honored at a party called the "WAMPAS Frolic" and were given extensive media coverage. The awards were not given in 1930 and 1933 due to objections from independent film studios.[1] When the campaign was revived in 1934, freelance actresses, along with studio contract players, were included as the chosen "Baby Stars".[2] The campaign was discarded in 1935, after which the Western Association of Motion Picture Advertisers disbanded.[2]

1956

In 1956, a group of veteran stars, among them 1932 WAMPAS Baby Star Ginger Rogers, chose a group of young actresses supposed to be known as The Wampas Baby Stars of 1956.[3] However, since the Western Association of Motion Picture Advertisers no longer existed, the idea fizzled. The selection took place nevertheless, and 15 "babies" were chosen: Phyllis Applegate, Roxanne Arlen, Jolene Brand, Donna Cooke, Barbara Huffman (later known as Barbara Eden), Jewell Lain, Barbara Marks[3][4], Lita Milan, Norma Nilsson, Ina Poindexter, Violet Rensin, Dawn Richard, and Delfin Thursday.[5]

Last

The last surviving original WAMPAS Baby Star, Mary Carlisle, died at the age of 104 on August 1, 2018.[6]

List edit

Key
‡ Denotes international star from outside the United States

1922 edit

Actress Lifespan Birthplace Image Ref.
Marion Aye 1903–1951 Chicago, Illinois, U.S.   [7]
Helen Ferguson 1901–1977 Decatur, Illinois, U.S.   [8]
Lila Lee 1905–1973 Union Hill, New Jersey, U.S.   [9]
Jacqueline Logan 1904–1983 Corsicana, Texas, U.S.   [10]
Louise Lorraine 1904–1981 San Francisco, California, U.S.   [11]
Bessie Love 1898–1986 Midland, Texas, U.S.   [12]
Kathryn McGuire 1903–1978 Peoria, Illinois, U.S.   [13]
Patsy Ruth Miller 1904–1995 St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.   [14]
Colleen Moore 1899–1988 Port Huron, Michigan, U.S.   [15]
Mary Philbin 1902–1993 Chicago, Illinois, U.S.   [16]
Pauline Starke 1901–1977 Joplin, Missouri, U.S.   [17]
Lois Wilson 1894–1988 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.   [18]
Claire Windsor 1892–1972 Marvin, Kansas, U.S.   [19]

1923 edit

Actress Lifespan Birthplace Image Ref.
Eleanor Boardman 1898–1991 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.   [20]
Evelyn Brent 1895–1975 Tampa, Florida, U.S.   [21]
Dorothy Devore 1899–1976 Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.   [22]
Virginia Brown Faire 1904–1980 Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.   [20]
Betty Francisco 1900–1950 Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.   [23]
Pauline Garon 1900–1965 Montreal, Quebec, Canada   [19]
Kathleen Key 1903–1954 Buffalo, New York, U.S.   [24]
Laura La Plante 1904–1996 St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.   [20]
Margaret Leahy 1902–1967 London, England, U.K.   [25]
Helen Lynch 1900–1965 Billings, Montana, U.S.   [26]
Derelys Perdue 1902–1989 Los Angeles, California, U.S.   [27]
Jobyna Ralston 1899–1967 South Pittsburg, Tennessee, U.S.   [20]
Ethel Shannon 1898–1951 Denver, Colorado, U.S.   [28]

1924 edit

Actress Lifespan Birthplace Image Ref.
Clara Bow 1905–1965 Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.   [29]
Elinor Fair 1903–1957 Richmond, Virginia, U.S.   [9]
Carmelita Geraghty 1901–1966 Rushville, Indiana, U.S.   [30]
Gloria Grey 1909–1947 Portland, Oregon, U.S.   [31]
Ruth Hiatt 1906–1994 Cripple Creek, Colorado, U.S.   [32]
Julanne Johnston 1900–1988 Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.   [33]
Hazel Keener 1904–1979 Fairbury, Illinois, U.S.   [33]
Dorothy Mackaill 1903–1990 Kingston upon Hull, England, U.K.   [33]
Blanche Mehaffey 1908–1968 Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.   [34]
Margaret Morris 1898–1968 Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.   [35]
Marian Nixon 1904–1983 Superior, Wisconsin, U.S.   [36]
Lucille Ricksen 1910–1925 Chicago, Illinois, U.S.   [37]
Alberta Vaughn 1904–1992 Ashland, Kentucky, U.S.   [38]

1925 edit

Actress Lifespan Birthplace Image Ref.
Betty Arlen 1909–1966 Providence, Kentucky, U.S.   [39]
Olive Borden 1906–1947 Richmond, Virginia, U.S.   [40]
Anne Cornwall 1897–1980 Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.   [41]
Ena Gregory ‡ 1906–1993 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia   [42]
Madeline Hurlock 1897–1989 Federalsburg, Maryland, U.S.   [43]
Natalie Joyce 1902–1992 Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.   [44]
Violet La Plante 1908–1984 St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.   [45]
June Marlowe 1903–1984 St. Cloud, Minnesota, U.S.   [46]
Joan Meredith 1907–1980 Hot Springs, Arkansas, U.S.   [47]
Evelyn Peirce 1908–1960 Del Rio, Texas, U.S.   [48]
Dorothy Revier 1904–1993 Oakland, California, U.S.   [49]
Duane Thompson 1903–1970 Red Oak, Iowa, U.S.   [50]
Lola Todd 1904–1995 New York City, U.S.   [51]

1926 edit

Actress Lifespan Birthplace Image Ref.
Mary Astor 1906–1987 Quincy, Illinois, U.S.   [48]
Mary Brian 1906–2002 Corsicana, Texas, U.S.   [33]
Joyce Compton 1907–1997 Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.   [52]
Dolores Costello 1903–1970 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.   [53]
Joan Crawford 1905?–1977 San Antonio, Texas, U.S.   [33]
Marceline Day 1908–2000 Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S.   [54]
Dolores del Río ‡ 1904–1983 Durango, Mexico   [22]
Janet Gaynor 1906–1984 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.   [33]
Sally Long 1901–1987 Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.   [33]
Edna Marion 1906–1957 Chicago, Illinois, U.S.   [55]
Sally O'Neil 1908–1968 Bayonne, New Jersey, U.S.   [56]
Vera Reynolds 1899–1962 Richmond, Virginia, U.S.   [57]
Fay Wray ‡ 1907–2004 Cardston, Alberta, Canada   [33]

1927 edit

Actress Lifespan Birthplace Image Ref.
Patricia Avery 1902–1973 Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.   [58]
Rita Carewe 1909–1955 New York City, U.S.   [59]
Helene Costello 1906–1957 New York City, U.S.   [19]
Barbara Kent ‡ 1907–2011 Gadsby, Alberta, Canada   [22]
Natalie Kingston 1905–1991 Vallejo, California, U.S.   [60]
Frances Lee 1906–2000 Eagle Grove, Iowa, U.S.   [61]
Mary McAllister 1909–1991 Los Angeles, California, U.S.   [60]
Gladys McConnell 1905–1979 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.   [13]
Sally Phipps 1911–1978 Oakland, California, U.S.   [62]
Sally Rand 1904–1979 Elkton, Missouri, U.S.   [60]
Martha Sleeper 1910–1983 Lake Bluff, Illinois, U.S.   [63]
Iris Stuart 1903–1936 New York City, U.S.   [64]
Adamae Vaughn 1905–1943 Ashland, Kentucky, U.S.   [65]

1928 edit

Actress Lifespan Birthplace Image Ref.
Lina Basquette 1907–1994 San Mateo, California, U.S.   [66]
Flora Bramley ‡ 1909–1993 London, England, U.K.   [67]
Sue Carol 1906–1982 Chicago, Illinois, U.S.   [68]
Ann Christy 1905–1987 Logansport, Indiana, U.S.   [69]
June Collyer 1906–1968 New York City, U.S.   [70]
Alice Day 1905–1995 Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S.   [60]
Sally Eilers 1908–1978 New York City, U.S.   [60]
Audrey Ferris 1909–1990 Detroit, Michigan, U.S.   [67]
Dorothy Gulliver 1908–1997 Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.   [71]
Gwen Lee 1904–1961 Hastings, Nebraska, U.S.   [72]
Molly O'Day 1909–1998 Bayonne, New Jersey, U.S.   [60]
Ruth Taylor 1905–1984 Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S.   [73]
Lupe Vélez ‡ 1908–1944 San Luis Potosí, Mexico   [19]

1929 edit

Actress Lifespan Birthplace Image Ref.
Jean Arthur 1900–1991 Plattsburgh, New York, U.S.   [74]
Sally Blane 1910–1997 Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.   [75]
Betty Boyd 1908–1971 Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.   [76]
Ethlyne Clair 1904–1996 Talladega, Alabama, U.S.   [48]
Doris Dawson 1905–1986 Goldfield, Nevada, U.S.   [77]
Josephine Dunn 1906–1983 New York City, U.S.   [78]
Helen Foster 1906–1982 Independence, Kansas, U.S.   [79]
Doris Hill 1905–1976 Roswell, New Mexico, U.S.   [80]
Caryl Lincoln 1903–1983 Oakland, California, U.S.   [81]
Anita Page 1910–2008 Queens, New York City, U.S.   [82]
Mona Rico ‡ 1907–1994 Mexico City, Mexico   [83]
Helen Twelvetrees 1908–1958 Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.   [84]
Loretta Young 1913–2000 Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.   [60]

1931 edit

Actress Lifespan Birthplace Image Ref.
Joan Blondell 1906–1979 New York City, U.S.   [48][85]
Constance Cummings 1910–2005 Seattle, Washington, U.S.   [67][85]
Frances Dade 1910–1968 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.   [86][85]
Frances Dee 1909–2004 Los Angeles, California, U.S.   [86][85]
Sidney Fox 1907–1942 New York City, U.S.   [87][85]
Rochelle Hudson 1916–1972 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.   [88][85]
Anita Louise 1915–1970 New York City, U.S.   [64][85]
Joan Marsh 1913–2000 Porterville, California, U.S.   [67][85]
Marian Marsh ‡ 1913–2006 Trinidad and Tobago   [89][85]
Karen Morley 1909–2003 Ottumwa, Iowa, U.S.   [67][85]
Marion Shilling 1910–2004 Denver, Colorado, U.S.   [90][85]
Barbara Weeks 1913–2003 Somerville, Massachusetts, U.S.   [91][85]
Judith Wood 1906–2002 New York City, U.S.   [92][85]

1932 edit

Actress Lifespan Birthplace Image Ref.
Lona Andre 1915–1992 Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.   [93][94]
Lilian Bond ‡ 1908–1991 London, England, U.K.   [95][94]
Mary Carlisle 1914–2018 Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.   [96][94]
June Clyde 1909–1987 St. Joseph, Missouri, U.S.   [97]
Patricia Ellis 1915?–1970 Birmingham, Michigan, U.S.   [98][94]
Ruth Hall 1910–2003 Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.   [99][94]
Eleanor Holm 1912–2004 Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.   [100][94]
Evalyn Knapp 1906–1981 Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.   [22][94]
Dorothy Layton 1912–2009 Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.   [101][94]
Boots Mallory 1913–1958 New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.   [102]
Toshia Mori ‡ 1912–1995 Kyoto, Japan   [103][94]
Ginger Rogers 1911–1995 Independence, Missouri, U.S.   [104][94]
Marian Shockley 1911–1981 Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.   [105][94]
Gloria Stuart 1910–2010 Santa Monica, California, U.S.   [48][94]
Dorothy Wilson 1909–1998 Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.   [105][94]

1934 edit

 
WAMPAS Baby Stars 1934

From hundreds of entrants, thirty-eight actresses paraded, and thirteen were chosen, by more than 100 Hollywood press agents at The Writers' Club, in Hollywood, California, to comprise the 1934 edition of the Wampas Baby stars.[106]

Actress Lifespan Birthplace Image Ref.
Judith Arlen 1914–1968 Hollywood, Los Angeles, U.S.   [107][108]
Betty Bryson 1911–1984 Los Angeles, California, U.S.   [109][108]
Jean Carmen 1913–1993 Portland, Oregon, U.S.   [110][108]
Helen Cohan 1910–1996 New York City, U.S.   [111][108]
Dorothy Drake 1916–2005 Santa Monica, California, U.S.   [112][108]
Jean Gale 1912–1974 San Francisco, California, U.S.   [113][108]
Hazel Hayes 1910–1974 La Crosse, Kansas, U.S.   [114][108]
Ann Hovey 1911–2007 Mount Vernon, Indiana, U.S.   [115][108]
Neoma Judge 1908–1978 Mitchell, South Dakota, U.S.   [107][108]
Lucille Lund 1913–2002 Buckley, Washington, U.S.   [116][108]
Lu Ann Meredith 1913–1998 Dallas, Texas, U.S.   [117][108]
Gigi Parrish 1912–2006 Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.   [118][108]
Jacqueline Wells 1914–2001 Denver, Colorado, U.S.   [119][108]
Katherine Williams 1908–1982 Seattle, Washington, U.S.   [120]

References edit

  1. ^ Vogel 2010, p. 20.
  2. ^ a b Slide 2014, p. 231.
  3. ^ a b Bettmann (November 1, 1955). "Wampas Baby Stars of 1956". Getty Images. Hollywood, California. Retrieved 19 July 2023. Wampas Baby Stars of 1956 pose after their selection as winners of the annual contest in Hollywood. From left: Fay Spain, 21, Phoenix, Arizona; Barbara Huffman, 21, Tucson, Arizona; Violet Rensing, 24, Berlin, Germany; Dawn Richard, 18, Los Angeles, California; Donna Cook, 18, Los Angeles, California; Norma Nillson, 18, Los Angeles, California; Ina Poindexter, 23, Covington, Tenn.; Phyllis Applegate, 22, Los Angeles; Del-Fin Thursday, 20, Honolulu; Jolene Brand, 21, Baldwin park, California; Roxanne Arlen, 21, Detroit, Michigan; Lita Milan, 21, Detroit, Michigan; Jewell Lain, 24, Indianapolis, Indiana; Doreen Stevens, 21, Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Barbara Marks, 22, San Diego, California.
  4. ^ Bettmann (January 1, 1956). "Winners Of Wampas Baby Stars Of 1956". Getty Images. Retrieved 19 July 2023. Left to right, front row, are Dawn Richard, 18, Los Angeles; Doreen Stevens, 21, Atlantic City, New Jersey; Barbara Marks, 22, San Diego; Second Row, Barbara Huffman, 21, Tucson; Jewell Lain, 24, Indianapolis; Fay Spain, 21, Phoenix; Jolene Brand, 21, Baldwin Park; Lita Milan, 21, New York; Third Row, Violet Rensing, 24, Berlin, Germany; Donna Cooke, 19, Los Angeles; Norma Nillson, 18, Los Angeles; Roxanne Arlen, 21, Detroit; Rear, Del-Fin Thursday, 20, Honolulu; Phyllis Applegate, 22, Los Angeles; and Ina Poindexter, 23, Covington, Tennessee.
  5. ^ Chuck Anderson. "1956 lineup". B-westerns.com. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
  6. ^ Bernstein, Adam (August 1, 2018). "Mary Carlisle, a perpetual ingenue in dozens of 1930s films, dies at 104". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 2, 2018.
  7. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 21.
  8. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 83.
  9. ^ a b Liebman 2000, p. 121.
  10. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 124.
  11. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 127.
  12. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 130.
  13. ^ a b Liebman 2000, p. 136.
  14. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 148.
  15. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 151.
  16. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 164.
  17. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 183.
  18. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 202.
  19. ^ a b c d Liebman 2000, p. 221.
  20. ^ a b c d Liebman 2000, p. 7.
  21. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 266.
  22. ^ a b c d Liebman 2000, p. 220.
  23. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 86–87.
  24. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 110.
  25. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 118.
  26. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 135.
  27. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 163–164.
  28. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 179–180.
  29. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 34.
  30. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 92–93.
  31. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 94–95.
  32. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 98.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h Liebman 2000, p. 8.
  34. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 146.
  35. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 155.
  36. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 156–158.
  37. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 174.
  38. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 194.
  39. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 14.
  40. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 32.
  41. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 54.
  42. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 94.
  43. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 105–106.
  44. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 107–108.
  45. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 116.
  46. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 141–143.
  47. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 147.
  48. ^ a b c d e Liebman 2000, p. 219.
  49. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 171–173.
  50. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 189–190.
  51. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 190–191.
  52. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 52–54.
  53. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 55–57.
  54. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 223.
  55. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 141.
  56. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 159–162.
  57. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 173–174.
  58. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 20–21.
  59. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 42–43.
  60. ^ a b c d e f g Liebman 2000, p. 9.
  61. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 118, 122.
  62. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 166.
  63. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 182–183.
  64. ^ a b Liebman 2000, p. 188.
  65. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 192–193.
  66. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 24.
  67. ^ a b c d e Liebman 2000, p. 10.
  68. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 45–46.
  69. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 46–47.
  70. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 51.
  71. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 96–97.
  72. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 119–120.
  73. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 188–189.
  74. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 15–17.
  75. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 25–27.
  76. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 36–37.
  77. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 66.
  78. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 76.
  79. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 85.
  80. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 100–101.
  81. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 122–124.
  82. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 162–165.
  83. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 175–176.
  84. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 191–192.
  85. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Bettmann (1931). "A Bumper Beauty Crop". Getty Images. Retrieved 19 July 2023. Here are the thirteen lucky girls selected as the 1931 Wampas Baby Stars of Hollywood. Selection by the Wampas has many times led to stardom in the past. Left to right: Joan Blondell, First National; Constance Cummings, Columbia; Francis Dade, an independent player; Frances Dee, Paramount; Karen Morley, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Marion Shilling, Pathe; Marian Marsh, Warner Brothers; Barbara Weeks, United Artists. Front row: Anita Louise, Universal; Joan Marsh, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Sidney Fox, Universal; Rochelle Hudson, Radio; Judith Wood, Paramount.
  86. ^ a b Liebman 2000, pp. 69–71.
  87. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 86.
  88. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 103–105.
  89. ^ Liebman 2010, p. 10.
  90. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 180–181.
  91. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 197–198.
  92. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 206–207.
  93. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 13.
  94. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Bettmann (December 15, 1932). "Thirteen of the fifteen budding moving pictures stars pictured in their first get-together since their selection as Wampas baby stars by Hollywood publicity agents". Getty Images. Retrieved 19 July 2023. This year the publicity men selected fifteen girls instead of the usual thirteen. These are the girls who, in the opinion of the agents are most likely to achieve stardom in the films. Left to right front row: Dorothy Wilson, Mary Carlisle, Lona Andre, Eleanor Holm and Dorothy Layton. Rear row left to right Toshia Mori, the first Oriental girl chosen as a Wampas star; Ruth Hall, Gloria Stuart, Patricia Ellis, Ginger Rogers, Lilian Bond, Evalyn Knapp and Marion Shockley.
  95. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 32–33.
  96. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 43–44.
  97. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 49–50.
  98. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 78–80.
  99. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 97–98.
  100. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 103.
  101. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 117.
  102. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 140.
  103. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 152–153.
  104. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 176–179.
  105. ^ a b Mank 2015, p. 140.
  106. ^ Bettmann (March 30, 1934). "Wampas Baby Star Candidates Parade at Writers Club". Getty Images. Retrieved 19 July 2023. Thirty-eight beautiful young motion picture actresses parade before more than 100 Hollywood press agents at the Writers Club. From this number, 13 will be chosen to comprise the 1934 edition of the Wampas Baby stars. Results of the ballotting will be announced later. The entrants were chosen from the ranks of hundreds of youthful actresses who aspire to a career in the films.
  107. ^ a b Liebman 2000, p. 12.
  108. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Bettmann (March 30, 1934). "Wampas Baby Star Layout". Getty Images. Retrieved 19 July 2023. In this array of Wampas baby stars can be seen Judith Arlen; Betty Bryson; Katherine Williams; Gi Gi Parrish; Hazel Hayes; Jean Carmen; Jean Gale; Dorothy Drake; Lu Anne Meredith; Ann Hovey; Helen Cohan; Jacqueline Wells and Lucille Lund.
  109. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 41–42.
  110. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 44–45.
  111. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 50.
  112. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 224.
  113. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 88.
  114. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 225.
  115. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 102–103.
  116. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 133.
  117. ^ Mank 2015, p. 254.
  118. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 163.
  119. ^ Liebman 2000, pp. 198–200.
  120. ^ Liebman 2000, p. 200.

Works cited edit

  • Liebman, Roy (2000). The Wampas Baby Stars: A Biographical Dictionary, 1922–1934. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0756-5.
  • Mank, Gregory William (2015). Women in Horror Films, 1930s. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-0954-6.
  • Slide, Anthony (2014). The New Historical Dictionary of the American Film Industry. New York: Routledge. ISBN 1-135-92554-2.
  • Vogel, Michelle (2010). Olive Borden: The Life and Films of Hollywood's Joy Girl. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-5836-4.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to WAMPAS Baby Stars.
  • The WAMPAS Baby Stars

By using this platform, you agree to the Terms of Use ©2020 Knowpia