The commission was set up in August 1953 (a year before the movie On the Waterfront) to combat labor racketeering.^[4] The commission was initially created to combat unfair hiring practices on the waterfront in response to the growing number of crimes being committed there.

The Division of Licensing and Employment Information Centers was responsible for screening, registering, and licensing individuals who are interested in working at the dock. The commission was authorized to deny or revoke the registration or licenses of those who involved themselves in criminal activity.

The WCNYH had its own police division (a.k.a. WCPD),^[6] with state-certified peace officers that provided law enforcement services to the WCNYH areas.

Operations edit

The Police Division operated in Manhattan and Brooklyn and had three offices, one in Brooklyn, another in Manhattan, and one in Port Newark/Elizabeth.^[6]

The Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor cooperated with other law enforcement authorities in pursuing investigations into waterfront-related crimes.

Investigations edit

The Waterfront Commission participated in the investigation of criminal activities by the leaders and members of the Gambino crime family and union leaders. Charges of racketeering conspiracy, extortion, theft of union benefits, mail fraud, false statements, loansharking, embezzlement of union funds, money laundering, and illegal gambling, dating back over three decades, were brought forth by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York in February 2008 against leaders of the Gambino crime family, their associates, and union officials.^[7] The Police Division uses numerous vehicles in its vehicle fleet, including marked police cars and trucks.^[8][9]

Equipment edit

WCPD used marked police patrol cars (such as Ford Explorer^[10]), command center vehicles^[11] and boats for water work.^[12]

Officers wore a dark blue police uniform in the style of the New York City Police Department.^[13] Identification included the WCPD patch on both sides of the upper garments and a WCPD shield (badge) on the left breast.^[14]

On August 11, 2009, the New York State Inspector General Joseph Fisch issued a report of his two-year investigation of the Waterfront Commission. The report detailed extensive illegal, corrupt and unethical behavior on the part of Waterfront Commission staff. Following release of the report, the large majority of the commission's executive staff were fired, including the New Jersey Commissioner Michael J. Madonna (the New York Commissioner's seat was vacant at the time of the report's release, although the report faulted the actions of the former New York Commissioner, Michael C. Axelrod).^[15][16]

The report's existence was due, in part, to two whistleblowers, Kevin McGown and Brian Smith, who both resigned and have since filed a discrimination complaint against the agency.^[17]

In October 2014, the New Jersey Senate passed measure S-2277 which would direct the governor of New Jersey to withdraw from the bi-state compact and transfer the commission's oversight responsibilities in New Jersey to the state police.^[18] In May 2015, Governor Chris Christie conditionally vetoed S-2277 (and the corresponding bill A-3506 passed by the New Jersey General Assembly), citing his concerns that the state lacked the authority to withdraw from the compact and arguing that the solution should be to modify the operations of the commission to minimize interference with waterfront operations.^[19]

Among his final actions in January 2018 before leaving office, Christie signed legislation allowing the state to withdraw from the pact.^[20][1]

New York v. New Jersey (2023) edit

The Supreme Court paused New Jersey's withdrawal from the compact creating the commission until it has addressed the merits of an injunction filed by the State of New York. In April 2023, the Court ruled unanimously in favor of New Jersey, stating that unilateral withdrawal was permissible as the interstate compact creating the commission did not address withdrawals from it. Because there is no explicit form of withdrawal in the compact, the Court found that default contract law from the time of the compact's creation applied, which allows termination of a contract by either party.^[21][22][23]

• Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor home page
• Annual report, The Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor 1994–2003.
• New York Times articles about WCNYH