Weakly measurable function

Summary

In mathematics—specifically, in functional analysis—a weakly measurable function taking values in a Banach space is a function whose composition with any element of the dual space is a measurable function in the usual (strong) sense. For separable spaces, the notions of weak and strong measurability agree.

Definition edit

If   is a measurable space and   is a Banach space over a field   (which is the real numbers   or complex numbers  ), then   is said to be weakly measurable if, for every continuous linear functional   the function

 
is a measurable function with respect to   and the usual Borel  -algebra on  

A measurable function on a probability space is usually referred to as a random variable (or random vector if it takes values in a vector space such as the Banach space  ). Thus, as a special case of the above definition, if   is a probability space, then a function   is called a ( -valued) weak random variable (or weak random vector) if, for every continuous linear functional   the function

 
is a  -valued random variable (i.e. measurable function) in the usual sense, with respect to   and the usual Borel  -algebra on  

Properties edit

The relationship between measurability and weak measurability is given by the following result, known as Pettis' theorem or Pettis measurability theorem.

A function   is said to be almost surely separably valued (or essentially separably valued) if there exists a subset   with   such that   is separable.

Theorem (Pettis, 1938) — A function   defined on a measure space   and taking values in a Banach space   is (strongly) measurable (that equals a.e. the limit of a sequence of measurable countably-valued functions) if and only if it is both weakly measurable and almost surely separably valued.

In the case that   is separable, since any subset of a separable Banach space is itself separable, one can take   above to be empty, and it follows that the notions of weak and strong measurability agree when   is separable.

See also edit

References edit

  • Pettis, B. J. (1938). "On integration in vector spaces". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 44 (2): 277–304. doi:10.2307/1989973. ISSN 0002-9947. MR 1501970.
  • Showalter, Ralph E. (1997). "Theorem III.1.1". Monotone operators in Banach space and nonlinear partial differential equations. Mathematical Surveys and Monographs 49. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society. p. 103. ISBN 0-8218-0500-2. MR 1422252.