White_and_Thompson_No._3 Knowpia

White and Thompson No.3
Role	Flying boat
National origin	United Kingdom
Manufacturer	White and Thompson
Designer	Norman Thompson
First flight	1 August 1914
Introduction	1914
Primary user	Royal Naval Air Service
Number built	9
Developed from	White and Thompson No. 2

The White and Thompson No. 3 was a British flying boat of the First World War. While the prototype was originally designed to compete in an air-race around the UK, eight more similar aircraft were built for the Royal Naval Air Service.

Development and design edit

In 1914, the White and Thompson Company Limited of Bognor Regis, England, who had become exclusive licence holders for Curtiss flying boats for Great Britain the previous year, decided to build two different flying boats: a single-engine and a larger twin-engine machine. They were set to compete in the Daily Mail £5,000 Circuit of Britain race for seaplanes, scheduled to start on 10 August that year.^[1]^[2]

The first to be completed was the single-engine machine, designated the White and Thompson No. 2 Flying Boat.^[3] This was a two-bay, uneven-span pusher biplane powered by a 120 hp (90 kW) Beardmore-built Austro Daimler engine mounted between the upper and lower wings. Its hull, the construction of which was subcontracted to S. E. Saunders, was of copper sewn mahogany (or Consuta) over a wooden frame and carried a crew of two in a side-by-side cockpit.^[2]^[4]^[5] It first flew on 1 August 1914, but was impressed by the Royal Naval Air Service owing to the situation in Europe,^[2] with Britain declaring war with Germany on 4 August.

An order for eight similar flying boats followed, designated White and Thompson No.3. These had rounded wingtips and a larger tail fin, and had the central fin surface that was mounted above the upper wing centre-section on the prototype replaced by two smaller surfaces above the wings. The production aircraft were powered by a 120 hp Beardmore engine, although one aircraft was fitted with a 150 hp (112 kW) Hispano-Suiza.^[6]

Operational history edit

The prototype, fitted with bomb-racks, proved reliable and popular, and was operated by the RNAS until being wrecked in June 1915.^[2]^[7] The first production aircraft was delivered to No. 1 Squadron RNAS on 7 February 1915. The No. 3 flying boats, which could be fitted with a Lewis gun on the port side of the cockpit were used for anti-submarine patrols from various bases both in the United Kingdom and France (with one force landing in the Netherlands and being interned) and latterly for training.^[8]^[9]

Operators edit

United Kingdom

Royal Naval Air Service
- No.1 Squadron RNAS

Specifications of prototype edit

Front right quarter view.

Data from Bognor's Boats ^[8]

General characteristics

Crew: 2
Length: 27 ft 6 in (8.38 m)
Wingspan: 45 ft 0 in (13.72 m)
Height: 10 ft 5 in (3.18 m)
Wing area: 400 sq ft (37 m²)
Airfoil: RAF 6^[10]
Empty weight: 1,600 lb (726 kg)
Gross weight: 2,400 lb (1,089 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Austro-Daimler 120hp 6-cylinder water-cooled in-line piston engine, 120 hp (89 kW)
Propellers: 4-bladed fixed-pitch propeller

Performance

Maximum speed: 70 mph (110 km/h, 61 kn)

85 mph (74 kn; 137 km/h) - production aircraft

Endurance: 6 hours
Time to altitude: 10,000 ft (3,048 m) in 33 minutes 40 seconds
Wing loading: 6 lb/sq ft (29 kg/m²)
Power/mass: 0.05 hp/lb (0.082 kW/kg)

Armament

Guns: 1x .303 in (7.70 mm) (7.7 mm) Lewis gun

Footnotes edit

^ Flight, 17 July 1914, p. 731.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d London 1996, p. 71.
^ Goodall 1995, p. 28.
^ Flight, 11 September 1914, pp. 933–935.
^ London 1994, p. 73.
^ Bruce 1957, pp. 650–651.
^ Goodall 1995, pp. 28–29.
^ ^a ^b London 1996, p. 72.
^ Thetford 1978, p. 433.
^ Goodall 1995, p. 29.

References edit

By William Lionel Wyllie, a No.3 over the Solent looking toward the Isle of Wight, warships heading in via the western passage towards Portsmouth suggesting the aircraft was based at RNAS Calshot.

Bibliography edit

Bruce, J. M. British Aeroplanes 1914–18. London:Putnam, 1957.
Goodall, Michael H. The Norman Thompson File. Tunbridge Wells, UK: Air-Britain, 1995. ISBN 0-85130-233-5.
Klaauw, Bart van der (March–April 1999). "Unexpected Windfalls: Accidentally or Deliberately, More than 100 Aircraft 'arrived' in Dutch Territory During the Great War". Air Enthusiast (80): 54–59. ISSN 0143-5450.
London, Peter. "Island Pioneers; Aircraft Production Origins on the Isle of Wight". Air Enthusiast, No. 56, Winter 1994. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. ISSN 0143-5450. pp. 71–77.
London, Peter. "Bognor's Boats: The Aircraft of Norman Thompson". Air Enthusiast, No. 66, November–December 1996. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. ISSN 0143-5450. pp. 70–75.
Thetford, Owen. British Naval Aircraft since 1912. London:Putnam, Fourth edition, 1978. ISBN 0-370-30021-1.