Summary
Wilfrid Rall (August 29, 1922 - April 1, 2018) was a neuroscientist who spent most of his career at the National Institutes of Health. He is considered one of the founders of computational neuroscience, and was a pioneer in establishing the integrative functions of neuronal dendrites. Rall developed the use of cable theory in neuroscience, as well as passive and active compartmental modeling of the neuron.
Wilfrid Rall | |
|---|---|
| Born | August 29, 1922 |
| Died | 1 April 2018 (aged 95) |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Yale University |
| Known for | Rall model |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Neuroscientist |
Rall studied physics at Yale University, from which he graduated with highest honors in 1943, and where he was Chairman of the Yale Political Union's Labor Party.[1] He was involved with the Manhattan Project at the University of Chicago during the war, and subsequently worked with K.S. Cole at Woods Hole. He then moved to the University of Otago in Dunedin to work with John Carew Eccles for his PhD, and remained there after Eccles' departure for Australia. In 1954, he spent a sabbatical year at University College London in the Biophysics Department headed by Bernard Katz, and after a final year in Dunedin (where he was Acting Head of Department) he then moved to Bethesda, Maryland and the National Institutes of Health, where he remained until his retirement in 1994.
Scientific focus edit
Wilfrid Rall's scientific achievements concern the electrical properties of neurons, and in particular the excitability of dendrites.
Rall's work has led to a number of major conceptual breakthroughs, including the following:
- the application of cable theory to single neurons (Rall 1957, 1959, 1960)
- the first theoretical exploration of active dendrites (Rall and Shepherd, 1968)
- the first theoretical exploration of active spines (Rall 1974; Miller, Rall and Rinzel, 1985)
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography. Ed. Squire, Larry R. Volume 5. Academic Press, 1996. 553.
References edit
- Rall W. (1955a) A statistical theory of monosynaptic input-output relations. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 46: 373-411.
- Rall W. (1955b) Experimental monosynaptic input-output relations in the mammalian spinal cord. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 46: 413-437.
- Rall W. (1957) Membrane time constant of motoneurons. Science 126: 454.
- Rall W. (1959) Branching dendritic trees and motoneuron membrane resistivity. Exp. Neurol. 1: 491-527.
- Rall W. (1960) Membrane potential transients and membrane time constant of motoneurons. Exp. Neurol. 2: 503-532.
- Rall, W. (1962) Theory of physiological properties of dendrites. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 96: 1071-1092.
- Rall, W. (1964) Theoretical significance of dendritic trees for neuronal input-output relations. In Neural Theory and Modeling, ed. R.F. Reiss. Stanford Univ. Press.
- Rall, W., G.M. Shepherd, T.S. Reese, and M.W. Brightman. (1966) Dendro-dendritic synaptic pathway for inhibition in the olfactory bulb. Exptl. Neurol. 14:44-56.
External links edit
- The Theoretical Foundations of Dendritic Function: The Collected Papers of Wilfrid Rall with Commentaries
- Washington Post obituary
- Wilfrid Rall computational neuroscience research collection, Medical Historical Library, Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University.
- Wilfrid Rall Archive: Pioneer of Dendritic Function and Computational Neuroscience.