Wilhelm Filehne (12 February 1844, in Posen – 29 April 1927, in Bensheim) was a German pharmacologist, who specialized in research of antipyretic drugs.^[1]

He studied medicine at the universities of Heidelberg and Berlin, where his instructors included Emil du Bois-Reymond and Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs. In 1866 he received his doctorate, and afterwards, he worked as assistant under Rudolf Virchow in Berlin. After participation in the Franco-Prussian War, he returned to Berlin as an assistant to Ludwig Traube.^[2] In 1874 he relocated to the University of Erlangen, where he worked as an assistant under Wilhelm Olivier Leube at the medical polyclinic.^[3]

In 1876 he became an associate professor of pharmacology at Erlangen, and ten years later, was appointed a full professor of the same subject at the University of Breslau.^[3] In 1911 he was succeeded at Breslau by Julius Pohl.^[4]

In addition to work in the field of pharmacology, he made contributions in his research of optical illusions, being known for his experimentation with a phenomenon known as a Zöllner illusion.^[5] The so-called "Filehne illusion" is the illusory motion of a stationary background when smooth pursuit eye movements are made across the stationary background.^[6][7]