Summary
Brigadier General William Denman Croft, CB, CMG, DSO & Three Bars (15 March 1879 – 14 July 1968) was a British Army officer. He served as a brigadier general in the British Army in the First World War, and afterwards in India. He was one of seven British officers to be awarded the Distinguished Service Order four times in the First World War. He was Home Guard commander in Cornwall during the Second World War.
William Denman Croft | |
|---|---|
| Born | 15 March 1879 |
| Died | 14 July 1968 (aged 89) Cornwall, England |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/ | British Army |
| Years of service | 19??–1934 |
| Rank | Brigadier General |
| Commands held | 11th Battalion, Royal Scots (1915–17) |
| Battles/wars | First World War North-West Frontier |
| Awards | Companion of the Order of the Bath Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George Distinguished Service Order & Three Bars Mentioned in Despatches (11) Legion of Honour (France) |
| Relations | Sir Herbert Croft, 9th Baronet (father) |
Early life edit
Croft was the third son of Conservative MP Sir Herbert George Denman Croft, 9th Baronet and his wife, Georgiana Eliza Lucy Marsh. He was educated at Oxford Military College.
He joined the 4th (Militia) battalion of The King's (Shropshire Light Infantry) as a second lieutenant on 23 February 1898,[1] and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant on 28 June 1899.[2] He received a commission in the regular army when he transferred to the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) as a second lieutenant on 7 March 1900, to replace an officer killed in the Second Boer War.[3] After being seconded to the Colonial Office in 1903,[4] he served in Nigeria, where he is reputed to have been wounded by a poisoned arrow in 1907.
In 1912, Croft married Esmé Sutton, daughter of Sir Arthur Edwin Sutton, 7th Baronet. They had at least four children, including two sons who served in India in the Second World War, where one was killed in action.
First World War edit
Croft served on the Western Front in the First World War, and was mentioned in despatches ten times.
At the beginning of the war, Captain Croft was serving as adjutant of the 5th Battalion of the Cameronians.[5] By December 1915, he was temporary lieutenant colonel in command of the 11th Battalion of the Royal Scots. He was then promoted to the rank of temporary brigadier general to command the 27th Infantry Brigade, in the 9th (Scottish) Division, in September 1917,[6] remaining in command until 1919.[7]
In little over two years, from January 1917 to February 1919, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) four times. He received his first DSO on 1 January 1917,[8] and a first bar was gazetted 9 days later.[9][10] He received a second bar in July 1918,[11] and a third bar in February 1919.[12]
He became a brevet lieutenant colonel in January 1918,[13] a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in January 1919,[14] and an Officier of French Légion d'honneur in August 1919.[15]
After the war, Croft published an account of his war service, under the title Three years with the 9th (Scottish) Division.[16]
Later life edit
Croft transferred to the Royal Tank Corps in 1920[17] where he became a lieutenant colonel in 1923.[18] He was temporary brigadier again while Commandant of the Royal Tanks Corps Centre between 1929 and 1931.[19]
He was promoted to the rank of colonel in 1925, with seniority from 1922,[20] and served as an instructor at Senior Officers' School in 1927.[21]
He became temporary brigadier and commander of the Nowshera Brigade in India in 1931.[22] He fought in the Mohmand Operations in 1933, where he was mentioned in despatches, and retired from the military in 1934 with the rank of honorary brigadier general.[23] He became a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1935.[24]
In the Second World War, Croft was a Home Guard commander in Cornwall.
Medals edit
On 29 November 2023, the auction house Spink announced the sale of Croft's campaign medals and decorations 'by order of a direct descendant'. The sale price was reported at £50,400 (including buyer's premium).[25]
References edit
- ^ "No. 26941". The London Gazette. 22 February 1898. p. 1121.
- ^ "No. 27093". The London Gazette. 27 June 1899. p. 4008.
- ^ "No. 27171". The London Gazette. 6 March 1900. p. 1527.
- ^ "No. 27598". The London Gazette. 18 September 1903. p. 5787.
- ^ "No. 28679". The London Gazette. 7 January 1913. p. 153.
- ^ "No. 30359". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 October 1917. p. 11256.
- ^ "No. 31530". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 August 1919. p. 10979.
- ^ "No. 13033". The Edinburgh Gazette. 1 January 1917. p. 21.
- ^ "No. 13038". The Edinburgh Gazette. 9 January 1917. p. 117.
- ^ "No. 29904". The London Gazette. 16 January 1917. p. 609.
- ^ "No. 13296". The Edinburgh Gazette. 29 July 1918. p. 2605.
- ^ "No. 31183". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 February 1919. p. 2363.
- ^ "No. 30450". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 December 1917. p. 10.
- ^ "No. 13375". The Edinburgh Gazette. 2 January 1919. p. 5.
- ^ "No. 13491". The Edinburgh Gazette. 25 August 1919. p. 2876.
- ^ "Three Years with the 9th (Scottish) Division, by the lieut.-colonel W.D. Croft .. | WorldCat.org". Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ "No. 32228". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 February 1921. p. 1342.
- ^ "No. 32850". The London Gazette. 3 August 1923. p. 5341.
- ^ "No. 33542". The London Gazette. 11 October 1929. p. 6476.
- ^ "No. 33107". The London Gazette. 24 November 1925. p. 7704.
- ^ "No. 33317". The London Gazette. 4 October 1927. p. 6249.
- ^ "No. 33740". The London Gazette. 31 July 1931. p. 5025.
- ^ "No. 34095". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 October 1934. p. 6467.
- ^ "No. 15136". The Edinburgh Gazette. 4 January 1935. p. 12.
- ^ "Sold by Order of a Direct Descendant 'On 7th December [1918], the Lowland Brigade crossed the..." Spink. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
- William Denman Croft, National Portrait Gallery
- ‘CROFT, Brig.-General William Denman’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007
- Delville Wood: Somme, Nigel Cave p. 45
- 'CROFT, Brig.-General William Denman', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007 accessed 13 March 2013