Summary
William de Raley[a] (died 1250) was a medieval judge, administrator and bishop. Most historians now believe that he was the author of the great law book Bracton.[2]
William de Raley | |
|---|---|
| Bishop of Winchester | |
| Appointed | 1 September 1242 |
| Term ended | 1250 |
| Predecessor | Peter des Roches |
| Successor | Aymer de Valence |
| Other post(s) | Bishop-elect of Coventry and Lichfield Bishop of Norwich |
| Personal details | |
| Died | before 1 September 1250 |
| Buried | 1 September 1250 |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
Life edit
In 1212 Raley was presented by the King to the church living at Bratton Fleming, in the archdeaconry of Barnstaple, wherein his occupation was described as "clerk", when he studied law.[3] He is known to have served as a clerk of the bench in 1214, and again from 1219 to 1229. From 1225 to 1229 he was the personal clerk of Martin of Pattishall, with whom he travelled the Eyre in Cumberland and Northumberland between 1226 and 1227, where he acted as a commissioner for the assessment of Tallage. He became justice of the bench in 1229 following Pattishall's retirement,[citation needed] with Roger of Thirkleby being appointed as his clerk in 1231.[4]
Raley took part in an Eyre in Middlesex in 1229, and seven more Eyres elsewhere between 1232 and 1233. In 1233 he was made Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, a position he held until 1234 when he was appointed to the more senior position of Chief Justice of the King's Bench, becoming the most senior of the King's judges after the title of Justiciar, which was allowed to lapse.[citation needed]
Raley was a trusted royal councillor as well as a judge, and between 1236 and 1239 was one of the King's chief advisors, being responsible for part of the Statute of Merton in 1236, as well as other legal reforms. In February 1239 he was elected Bishop of Coventry and Bishop of Lichfield, which he declined. He was elected to the see of Norwich on 10 April, which he then accepted; and was consecrated at Norwich Cathedral on 25 September.[5]
Raley was translated to the see of Winchester on 1 September 1242,[6] where he was at first rejected. After three votes at the monks in chapter, they appealed to the Pope for arbitration. But King Henry III of England still objected and appealed to Pope Innocent IV, who rejected the appeal. Finally Raley was enthroned in Winchester Cathedral on 20 November 1244. For the Pope's intercession he paid 6000 Marks, which he struggled to repay for the rest of his life.[7]
Raley retired to Tours, France where he died shortly before 1 September 1250, the date he was buried in the Church of St Martin.[7]
See also edit
Notes edit
Citations edit
- ^ Fryde et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 261
- ^ "Speak to Henry de Bracton". The National Archives.
- ^ Pegues "Clericus in Legal Administration" English Historical Review p. 543
- ^ Pegues "Clericus in Legal Administration" English Historical Review p. 544
- ^ Crook "Raleigh, William of" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 276
- ^ a b Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300: volume 2: Monastic cathedrals (northern and southern provinces): Winchester: Bishops
References edit
- Crook, David (2004). "Raleigh [Ralegh], William of". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23042. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
- Greenway, Diana E. (1971). "Winchester: Bishops". Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300. Vol. 2: Monastic cathedrals (northern and southern provinces). Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
- Pegues, Frank (October 1956). "The Clericus in the Legal Administration of Thirteenth-Century England". The English Historical Review. 71 (281): 529–559. doi:10.1093/ehr/LXXI.281.529. JSTOR 556837.