The song's storyline deals with the narrator's desire for Clowers' daughter and his intention to climb the titular mountain and marry her. It opens with the recounting of a legendary warning to the listener not to "go on Wolverton Mountain," as its inhabitant Clifton Clowers, who is "handy with a gun and a knife," poses a lethal threat to anyone who tries to approach his beautiful daughter, whose "tender lips are sweeter than honey." If a stranger attempts to enter, Clowers is alerted by "the bears and the birds." The narrator has decided to defy Clowers and climb the mountain despite the acknowledged danger. What will eventually happen to him is not revealed in the lyric, but the positive tone suggests optimism.

Clifton T. Clowers was born on October 30, 1891, at Center Ridge, Arkansas, son of Thomas Jefferson Clowers and Mary Prince Clowers. In July 1919, he married Esther Bell. He was a veteran of World War I and a deacon in the Mountain View Baptist Church. He was immortalized by the success of "Wolverton Mountain".^[5][6] He lived most of his life on a small farm located on the northern edge of Woolverton Mountain. According to one of his grandchildren, Clowers wished that Kilgore had not suggested in the song that he threatened his daughter's suitors with a gun and a knife, saying, "I never used those tools for that purpose, I just used them to hunt and whittle.”^[7]

On his 100th birthday Clowers was visited by both writers of the song, King and Kilgore.^[8]; also in that year, Mike Redmond sang the song for Clowers on the latter's front porch in a performance that can be found on YouTube.^[9] Clifton Clowers died at the age of 102 on August 15, 1994, at his home in Clinton, Arkansas, and was buried at the Woolverton Mountain Cemetery.

Country singer Dickey Lee, who was still emerging on the music scene at the time, covered the song just months after it was released.

An answer song, "(I'm the Girl from) Wolverton Mountain", was recorded by Jo Ann Campbell, released in August 1962 ("Yes, I'm the girl from Wolverton Mountain / I wish someone would make me their wife"), and hit the Billboard charts (#38 pop, #24 country, #10 AC). The song also achieved popularity in Australia in a version by Dorothy Baker.^[10]

Nat King Cole covered the song for his 1962 album Ramblin' Rose.

Bing Crosby recorded the song for his 1965 album Bing Crosby Sings the Great Country Hits. Jerry Lee Lewis also recorded a version of the song that year.

In 1962, Australian country and western singer Kevin Shegog recorded the song and it was a popular hit in Australia.

In 1966, Olle Adolphson scored a Swedish language-version hit, with lyrics by himself as "Skattlösa bergen", at Svensktoppen.^[11] In 1988, Lasse Stefanz recorded the song with these lyrics.^[12]

In 1975, Roman Stewart recorded a reggae version. Dubbed by King Tubby in 'Wolverton Mountain version' by Treasure Isle All Stars. In 1994, Josey Wales made a dancehall version 'Cowboy Style'.

The song was also parodied by Marty Cooper (as "El Clod") in a version called "Tijuana Border (Wolverton Mountain)". It reached #111 on the Billboard Bubbling Under chart in the fall of 1962.

The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, then recording under the name the Dirt Band, released a version of the song on their 1979 album An American Dream.^[13] In 1985, inspired by the Dirt Band's rendition of the song, a cable television program in Summit County, Colorado featured restaurateur Jim Rianoshek portraying a character named Clifton Clowers, who promoted a fictional ski area called Wolverton Mountain, "where the snow is so deep that it is the home of periscope skiing, and the cost of a lift ticket depends on your line of credit."^[14]

Hank Williams Jr. mentioned Clifton Clowers in a track titled "If the South Woulda Won" on his album Wild Streak (1988).

Great Plains recorded the song in 1997. Writer Merle Kilgore praised Great Plains' version, saying that it was the first time since King's original that the "magic" had been recaptured.^[15]