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X and Y bosons

## Summary

Composition Elementary particle Bosonic Gauge boson Hypothetical 12 ≈ 1015 GeV/c2 X: two quarks, or one antiquark and one charged antilepton Y: two quarks, or one antiquark and one charged antilepton, or one antiquark and one antineutrino X: ±.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{border-top:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}4/3 e Y: ±1/3 e triplet or antitriplet 1 3 X: ±1/2 Y: ∓1/2 ±5/6 ±2/3 0

In particle physics, the X and Y bosons (sometimes collectively called "X bosons"[1]: 437 ) are hypothetical elementary particles analogous to the W and Z bosons, but corresponding to a new type of force predicted by the Georgi–Glashow model, a grand unified theory. Since the X and Y boson mediate the grand unified force, they would have unusual high mass, which requires more energy to create than the reach of any current particle collider experiment.

## Details

The X and Y bosons couple quarks to leptons (such as a positron), allowing violation of the conservation of baryon number, and thus permitting proton decay.

An X boson would have the following decay modes:[1]: 442

X
+
u
+
u

X
+
e+
+
d

where the two decay products in each process have opposite chirality,
u
is an up quark,
d
is a down antiquark and
e+
is a positron.

A Y boson would have the following decay modes:[1]: 442

Y
+
e+
+
u

Y
+
d
+
u

Y
+
d
+
ν
e

where the first decay product in each process has left-handed chirality and the second has right-handed chirality and
ν
e
is an electron antineutrino. Similar decay products exist for the other quark-lepton generations.

In these reactions, neither the lepton number (L) nor the baryon number (B) is conserved, but BL is. Different branching ratios between the X boson and its antiparticle (as is the case with the K-meson) would explain baryogenesis. For instance, if an
X
+/
X
pair is created out of energy, and they follow the two branches described above:
X
+
u
+
u
,
X

d
+
e
; re-grouping the result (
u
+
u
+
d
) +
e
=
p
+
e
shows it to be a hydrogen atom.

### Origin

The X± and Y± bosons are defined respectively as the six Q = ± 43 and the six Q = ± 13 components of the final two terms of the adjoint 24 representation of SU(5) as it transforms under the standard model's group:

${\displaystyle \mathbf {24} \rightarrow (8,1)_{0}\oplus (1,3)_{0}\oplus (1,1)_{0}\oplus (3,2)_{-{\frac {5}{6}}}\oplus ({\bar {3}},2)_{\frac {5}{6}}}$.

Thus, the positively-charged X and Y carry anti-color charges (equivalent to having two different color charges), while the negatively-charged X and Y carry normal color charges, and the signs of the Y bosons' weak isospins are always opposite the signs of their electric charges. In terms of their action on ${\displaystyle \mathbb {C} ^{5}}$, X bosons rotate between a color index and the weak isospin-up index, while Y bosons rotate between a color index and the weak isospin-down index.