Xanthurenic acid, or xanthurenate, is a metabolic intermediate that accumulates and is excreted by pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficient animals after the ingestion of tryptophan.[1][2]
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Preferred IUPAC name
4,8-Dihydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid | |
Other names
Xanthuric acid
Xanthurenate 8-Hydroxykynurenic acid 4,8-Dihydroxyquinaldic acid | |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.373 |
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Properties | |
C10H7NO4 | |
Molar mass | 205.169 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Yellow crystals |
Melting point | 286 °C (547 °F; 559 K) |
Insoluble | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
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Xanthurenic acid is suspected to be an endogenous agonist for Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in humans.[3] It is also known to be a potent VGLUT inhibitor, thereby preventing the movement of glutamate from the cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles, an action that it mediates via competitive blockade of vesicular glutamate transporters (Ki = 0.19 mM).[4]
In 2015[update] researchers reported a marked reduction of xanthurenic acid levels in the serum of patients with schizophrenia.[5] A recent meta-analysis showed that blood xanthurenic acid levels are lower in individuals suffering from bipolar disorder as well.[6]
Xanthurenic acid has also been shown to induce gametogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria.[7][8] It is found in the gut of the Anopheles mosquito.