Summary
Sekhaenre Yakbim or Yakbmu[4] was a ruler during the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt. Although his dynastic and temporal collocation is disputed, Danish Egyptologist Kim Ryholt believes that he likely was the founder of the Levantine-blooded Fourteenth Dynasty,[1] while in older literature he was mainly considered a member of the Sixteenth Dynasty.[3]
| Yakbim Sekhaenre | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Scarab seal of Sekhaenre, now likely in the Petrie Museum | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | c. 25 years, 1805-1780 BCE (Ryholt)[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | none (founder)[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Ya'ammu Nubwoserre[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | likely 14th Dynasty[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||
Identification edit
His name never appears inside a cartouche, which was a pharaonic prerogative; nevertheless, on his seals he is usually called "the good god, Sekhaenre" (or simply "Sekhaenre") and "the son of Ra, Yakbim".[3]
There is no direct evidence that Yakbim's throne name was Sekhaenre. This theory is based on stylistic features of the seals and was proposed by William Ayres Ward[5] and later elaborated on by Ryholt;[6] Daphna Ben-Tor disputed this identification, pointing out that the seals of the several rulers living during this period are too similar to make such correlations on the basis of mere design features.[4]
Assuming that Ward was right, Sekhaenre Yakbim is attested by a remarkable 123 seals, second only—for this period—to the 396 of Sheshi.[7] Based on that, Ryholt estimated for him a reign length of around 25 years, in the interval 1805–1780 BCE.[1]
Israeli Egyptologist Raphael Giveon identified Yakbim with another ruler of the same period, Ya'ammu Nubwoserre, while Jürgen von Beckerath equated Yakbim with Salitis, the Manethonian founder of the Fifteenth Dynasty.[3]
A scarab bearing the prenomen of this king was discovered in Tell el-Ajjul, Gaza Strip by Flinders Petrie in 1933.[8]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e Ryholt (1997), p. 409
- ^ Ryholt (1997), p. 96
- ^ a b c d e Sekhaenre Yakbim on Egyphica.net
- ^ a b Ben-Tor (2010), pp. 99ff
- ^ Ward (1984), pp. 163ff
- ^ Ryholt (1997), pp. 41–47
- ^ Ryholt (1997), p. 199
- ^ Flinders, Petrie (1933). Ancient Gaza Chapter III: Scarabs Tell El Ajjul (London, 1933).
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Bibliography edit
- Ben-Tor, D. (2010). "Sequences and chronology of Second Intermediate Period royal-name scarabs, based on excavated series from Egypt and the Levant". In Marcel Marée (ed.). The Second Intermediate Period (Thirteenth–Seventeenth Dynasties): Current Research, Future Prospects. Orientalia Lovaniensa Analecta. Vol. 192. Leuven: Peeters. pp. 91–108. ISBN 9789042922280.
- Ryholt, K. S. B. (1997). The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800-1550 BC. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-7289-421-0.
- Ward, W. A. (1984). "Royal-name scarabs". In Olga Tufnell (ed.). Scarab Seals and their Contribution to History in the Early Second Millennium B.C. Studies on Scarab Seals. Vol. 2. Warminster: Aris & Phillips. pp. 151–192. ISBN 9780856681301.
External links edit
- Sekhaenre Yakbim on Digital Egypt