The Yong'an dialect (Central Min: 永安事, Mandarin Chinese: 永安話) is a Central Min dialect spoken in Yong'an, Sanming in Western Fujian Province, China.
Yong'an dialect | |
---|---|
永安事 | |
Pronunciation | [uã˧ um˧ sia˧˥] |
Native to | Southern China |
Region | Yong'an, Sanming, Fujian |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
Early forms | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | None |
Linguasphere | 79-AAA-hbc |
The Yong'an dialect has 17 initials, 41 rimes and 6 tones.
The initials of the Yong'an dialect are:
Bilabial | Dental | Palato-alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal / Approximant | m | n ~ l | ŋ | ||
Plosive | p pʰ | t tʰ | k kʰ | ʔ | |
Affricate | ts tsʰ | tʃ tʃʰ | |||
Fricative | s | ʃ | h |
The Yong'an dialect has a rich set of oral and nasal vowels, but allows only -m and -ŋ as a final consonant.
Open syllable | Nasal coda | Nasal vowel coda | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Open mouth | ɹ̩ i a ɔ o ø e ɯ | aɯ ɔu | m am ɔm ãŋ ẽĩŋ | ã õ |
Even mouth | i ia iɔ iø ie iɯ | iau | iam iẽĩŋ | ĩ iã iõ |
Closed mouth | u uɔ ue ui | um uẽĩŋ | uã | |
Round mouth | y ya ye yi | ym yẽĩŋ |
The tones are:
Middle Chinese tone | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
level | rising | departing | entering | |
upper | 53 | 21 | 35 | 13 |
lower | 32 | 43 | (> lower rising) |
The Yong'an dialect has extremely extensive tone sandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules. The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below:
Original citation tone | Tone sandhi |
---|---|
upper level | lower level |
lower level | remain unchanged |
upper rising | lower level |
lower rising | upper rising |
departing | remain unchanged |
entering | high level (55) |