Summary
Yuri of Silla (?–57, r. 24–57) was the third king of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He is commonly called Yuri Isageum.
| King Yuri 유리 이사금 儒理尼師今 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Silla | |||||
| Reign | 24-57 | ||||
| Coronation | 24 | ||||
| Predecessor | Namhae of Silla | ||||
| Successor | Talhae of Silla | ||||
| Born | ??? | ||||
| Died | 57 Silla | ||||
| |||||
| Father | King Namhae | ||||
| Mother | Lady Unje | ||||
| Yuri of Silla | |
| Hangul | 유리 이사금, 노례 이사금 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 儒理尼師今, 弩禮尼師今 |
| Revised Romanization | Yuri Isageum, Norye Isageum |
| McCune–Reischauer | Yuri Isagŭm, Norye Isagŭm |
Family edit
Parents
- Father: King Namhae of Silla
- Grandfather: King Hyeokgeose of Silla
- Grandmother: Lady Aryeong
- Great-Grandmother: Lady Saso
- Mother: Lady Unje (알영부인)
Consorts and their respective issue:
- Queen Ilsaeng (이리생부인)[1][circular reference]
- Son: King Ilseong of Silla (died 154, r. 134–154) – was the 7th ruler of Silla[2][3]
- Queen Kim, of the Kim clan (부인딸 김씨), daughter of Prince Sayo (사요왕의)
- Son: King Pasa of Silla (died 112, r. 80–112) – was the 5th ruler of Silla,
Name edit
As a descendant of Silla's founder Hyeokgeose, his surname was Park.
His title was Isageum, also recorded as Ijilgeum or Chijilgeum. This title is a change from Geoseogan (the first king Hyeokgeose) and Chachaung (second king Namhae). The actual Silla word is thought to be Itgeum [1]. Imgeum is the modern Korean word for "King".
Background edit
Yuri was the son of Silla's second ruler, Namhae, and his queen Lady Unje. It is unclear how many siblings Namhae had, but he did have a sister. This sister, Princess Ani, was married to a non-Sillan man named Seok Talhae, who originated from an island nation called Tapana. Talhae became a very highly ranked official and Namhae seemed to prefer him as successor instead of his son. This is revealed on Namhae's deathbed, but Talhae insisted that the prince's rise to the throne would be righteous and allowed Yuri to become the next ruler of Silla.
Reign edit
According to the Samguk Sagi, the principal source for events of this period, Yuri centralized rule over the aristocracy by turning the six tribes into six official administrative divisions of Silla in 32. He is said to have granted surnames to each of the clans: Yi, Choe, Son, Jeong, Bae, and Seol.[4][5][6] He is also said to have created 17 bureaucratic rank levels. However, modern scholars doubt that these occurred so early in Silla's development.
In 37, When Muhyul (無恤) attacked Nakrang Kingdom and destroyed it, 5000 people of the Nakrang country surrendered. They were divided into Silla's six divisions. This is when the legend of Princess Nakrang occurred.[7]
Silla was attacked by Lelang commandery and other tribes, but made peace with Maekguk(貊國).[8][9] The Samguk Sagi records that Silla conquered Iseoguk (present-day Cheongdo) in Yuri Isageum era[10]
During Yuri's reign, the Silla people celebrated a holiday during the 15th day of the 8th month, where two teams of women would compete in a contest. The losers of the contest would have to prepare songpyeon, rice cakes, meats, fruits, and other food, shared by everyone in a feast. This is said to have been the origin of the modern Korean holiday Chuseok.
Also during Yuri Isageum's reign was the rise of the Gaya confederacy as a military power in the region. Silla was under constant rivalry with Baekje(or maybe Mahan) already, but Gaya in the middle was even more of a direct threat.
Succession edit
Yuri Isageum had two sons, but his dying words were to make his brother-in-law, Seok Talhae, his successor to the throne.[11] Yuri Isageum died in 57 AD after 34 years of reign.
See also edit
References edit
- The Academy of Korean Studies
- Korea Britannica
- ^ "Yuri of Silla".
- ^ Samguk Yusa
- ^ Samguk Sagi recorded him as Yuri Isageum's eldest son but in Samguk Yusa it was not.
- ^ This is presumed to have been granted to the existing six divisions of Saro that did not use surnames due to the emergence of Seok. These surnames are believed to have imitated Chinese surnames that were frequently contacted.
- ^ However, the actual appearance of the surname was the late Silla period.
- ^ It is claimed that Korea's Silla was founded by Six-clans of Gojoseon people, an immigrant from the northern part of the peninsula. The Six-clans of Gojoseon appears in the Samguk Sagi Record, which was written in 1145 by Chinese Korean(Chinese Kim clan, not Korean Kim clan). But there are some suspicion about this record. The six-clans of Gojoseon are correspond to the Chinese surname distributed in northern China. If the six-clans existed from the early Silla period, they should exist from the early Japanese and Korean records. However, the first appearance of history books was in the 700s.
- ^ 三國史記 卷第一 新羅本紀 第一 儒理 尼師今 十四年 高句麗王無恤 襲樂浪滅之 其國人五千來投 分居六部
- ^ 三國史記 卷第一 新羅本紀 第一 儒理 尼師今 十三年 秋八月 樂浪犯北邊 攻陷朶山城: In 36, Nakrang invaded the northern frontier and occupied Tasan Fortress.
- ^ 三國史記 卷第一 新羅本紀 第一 儒理 尼師今 十七年 秋九月 華麗不耐二縣人連謀 率騎兵犯北境 貊國渠帥 以兵要曲河西敗之 王喜 與貊國結好: In 40, people from Hwaryeo and Bulnaeye joined forces to lead cavalry and invade the northern frontier. Maek was waiting in the west of the curved river using a military force and struck and defeated. The king rejoiced and established friendly relations with the Maek
- ^ but Korean academic community think this appears to be a mistaken recording of an Yurye-era event.
- ^ 김, 경순 (January 22, 2020). "신라 : 3대 유리 이사금, 건치를 이유로". 수완뉴스. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
- Kim Busik. Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms).