Summary
Z-Cote is a commercial zinc oxide line[1] manufactured and owned by BASF.[2] Due to Z-Cote's photo-protective properties it is commonly used in personal care products and sunscreens. It is available in nano, non-nano, coated and uncoated forms.[3] Z-Cote is a derivative of zinc oxide which is Generally Recognized As Safe and Effective (GRASE) by the FDA as a nutrient,[4] cosmetic colour additive,[5][6] skin protection active ingredient[7] and other OTC products.[8] Manufactured zinc oxide, such as Z-Cote, is only recognised as GRASE by the FDA when it is compliant with the Good manufacturing practice (GMP) standard. The original Sunsmart and Submicro Encapsulation Technologies Z-Cote patent filed in 1991 for UV skin protection expired in 2015.[9]
History edit
Z-Cote was acquired from SunSmart in 1999 by BASF.[10][11] It has been used in sunscreen formulations since at least 1993 in microfine form.[12] The initial 1991 Z-Cote patent placed emphasis on broad-spectrum protection, especially UVA.[9] Only in 1993 did the FDA approve an alternative petrochemical sunscreen ingredient, avobenzone, that also provided protection against UVA.[13][14]
Environmental impact edit
Plants edit
Z-Cote was studied to evaluate hypothetical agricultural impacts if it were to contaminate irrigated water. In the study it was found that Z-Cote had a negligible impact on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) pod production and increased root length and the concentration of more nutritional elements.[15]
Reef edit
Zinc oxide is compliant with Hawaii Act 104 banning non-reef safe petrochemicals.[16]
Zinc oxide producers edit
References edit
- ^ "Zinc Oxide GCIMagazine.com". dir.gcimagazine.com. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
- ^ Yin, Hong; Coleman, Victoria A.; Casey, Phil S.; Angel, Brad; Catchpoole, Heather J.; Waddington, Lynne; McCall, Maxine J. (2015-02-17). "A comparative study of the physical and chemical properties of nano-sized ZnO particles from multiple batches of three commercial products". Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 17 (2): 96. doi:10.1007/s11051-014-2851-y. ISSN 1572-896X. S2CID 95188994.
- ^ "Z-COTE® Zinc Oxide - Formulation Concepts" (PDF). Care Creations - BASF US. Florham Park, NJ: BASF. 2019.
- ^ "CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 - Subchapter B". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-16.
- ^ "CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 - Subchapter A". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-16.
- ^ "CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 - Subchapter A". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-16.
- ^ "CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 - Subchapter D". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-16.
- ^ "Federal Register :: Request Access". unblock.federalregister.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-16.
- ^ a b US 5733531, Mitchnick, Mark A.; Gwozdz, Garry T. & Micale, Fortunato J., "Composite UV sunblock compositions", published 1998-03-31, assigned to Sunsmart Inc. and Submicro Encapsulation Technologies Inc.
- ^ "BASF Acquires Z-COTE Micro Zinc Oxide Ingredient From SunSmart". Pink Sheet - Pharma Intelligence. The Rose Sheet. 13 December 1999.
- ^ SEC. "Basf Akteingesellschaft /adr/ Form for initial registration of a class of securities of foreign private issuers pursuant to section 12(b) 20FR12B". SEC.report. Retrieved 2022-11-01.
- ^ US 5417961, Nearn, Malcolm R.; Redshaw, Sandra J. & Burgess, Graham, "Sunscreen compositions", published 1995-05-23, assigned to Colgate-Palmolive Company
- ^ "27666 Federal Register / Vol. 64, No. 98 / Friday, May 21, 1999 /Rules and Regulations" (PDF). GovInfo | U.S. Government Publishing Office. May 21, 1999.
- ^ Beasley, Donathan G.; Meyer, Thomas A. (2010-12-01). "Characterization of the UVA protection provided by avobenzone, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide in broad-spectrum sunscreen products". American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 11 (6): 413–421. doi:10.2165/11537050-000000000-00000. ISSN 1179-1888. PMID 20806994. S2CID 5984535.
- ^ Medina-Velo, Illya A.; Barrios, Ana C.; Zuverza-Mena, Nubia; Hernandez-Viezcas, Jose A.; Chang, Chong Hyun; Ji, Zhaoxia; Zink, Jeffrey I.; Peralta-Videa, Jose R.; Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L. (2017-06-15). "Comparison of the effects of commercial coated and uncoated ZnO nanomaterials and Zn compounds in kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 332: 214–222. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.008. ISSN 0304-3894. PMID 28359954.
- ^ IGE, GOVERNOR DAVID Y.; CHAR, M.D. ELIZABETH A. (2021-02-17). "Testimony COMMENTING on SB0132 RELATING TO WATER POLLUTION SENATOR MIKE GABBARD, CHAIR SENATOR CLARENCE K. NISHIHARA, VICE CHAIR SENATE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE & ENVIRONMENT" (PDF).