Summary
Zemer (Hebrew: זמר, Arabic: زيمر) is an Arab local council in the Central District of Israel. It is located in the Arab Triangle area, between Baqa al-Gharbiyye and Bat Hefer on Road 574. Zemer is the result of a merger of four villages – Bir al-Sika, Ibtan, Marja and Yama - in 1988.
Zemer
| |
|---|---|
Local council (from 1988) | |
| Hebrew transcription(s) | |
| • ISO 259 | Zemr |
 | |
  Zemer  Zemer | |
| Coordinates: 32°22′4″N 35°1′59″E / 32.36778°N 35.03306°E | |
| Grid position | 154/197 PAL |
| Country |  Israel |
| District | Central |
| Founded | 1988 (merger) |
| Government | |
| • Head of Municipality | Yassin Harzalla |
| Area | |
| • Total | 8,203 dunams (8.203 km2 or 3.167 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[1] | |
| • Total | 7,457 |
| • Density | 910/km2 (2,400/sq mi) |
| Name meaning | Khurbet Ibthan; meaning "Ruin of gardens, or of soft soil"[2] |
History edit
Before the Common Era edit
Archaeological work in Yama brought to light settlement remains ranging from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) to the Ottoman period.[3] At Ibtan, potsherds dating from the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine period have been found.[4]
Middle Bronze Age II findings from Yama have been tentatively identified to belong to the ancient site of Yaham.[3] Yaham was mentioned in Egyptian sources regarding pharaohs Thutmose III and Shoshenq I.[5] The 15th century BCE annals describing the campaign of Thutmose III against a coalition of Canaanite city-states recount how the pharaoh camped at Yaham before marching on through the pass of Aruna (today's Wadi Ara), at whose exit he attacked and captured the city of Megiddo.[5]
Mamluk Sultanate and Ottoman Empire edit
In 1265, two of the villages were mentioned among the estates which the Mamluk sultan Baibars granted his emirs after he had defeated the Crusaders: The whole of Ibthan (Bathan) was given to his emir 'Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Halabi al-Salihi,[6] while Yamma was divided equally between the emirs Saif al-Din Itamish al-Sa'di and Shams al-Din Aqsunqur.[7]
Yama and Ibtan appeared in Ottoman tax registers compiled in 1596, in the Nahiyas of Qaqun and Jabal Sami, respectively, of the Nablus Liwa. Yama had a population of 18 Muslim households and 5 bachelors, while Ibtan was indicated as empty even though it paid taxes.[8]
In 1882, in the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine, only Khurbet Ibthan was noted, with "traces of ruins and a well."[9]
British Mandate and Israel edit
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bir al-Sikka had a population of 36, Ibthan 56 and Yamma 48, all Muslims.[10] Until 1948, all four villages were administratively related to the modern-day Palestinian town of Deir al-Ghusun.[11][12]
Zemer's population at the end of 2009 was 5,700,[13] and its jurisdiction is 8,203 dunams.[14] The population increased to 6,375 in 2014.[15] The mayor of Zemer is Yassin Harzalla.[16]
References edit
- ^ "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 185
- ^ a b Masarwa, Durar (2013). "Yaham: Final Report (10/06/2013)". Hadashot Arkheologiyot. 125. JSTOR 26602933. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
- ^ Abu Fana, 2006, Ibthan
- ^ a b Albright, W. F. (October 1923). "Some Archaeological and Topographical Results of a Trip through Palestine". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 11 (11). The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The American Schools of Oriental Research: 3–14 (see p. 10). doi:10.2307/1354763. JSTOR 1354763. S2CID 163409706.
- ^ Ibn al-Furat, 1971, pp. 81, 209, 249 (map)
- ^ Ibn al-Furat, 1971, pp. 81, 210, 249 (map)
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 127, p. 138.
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 196
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Tulkarem, p. 28
- ^ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 20
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 74
- ^ "Table 3 - Population of Localities Numbering Above 2,000 Residents and Other Rural Population" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2010-06-30. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
- ^ "Local Authorities in Israel 2005, Publication #1295 - Municipality Profiles - Zemer" (PDF) (in Hebrew). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2008-06-09.
- ^ "לוח 3.- אוכלוסייה( 1), ביישובים שמנו מעל 2,000 תושבים( 2) ושאר אוכלוסייה כפרית Population (1) of localities numbering above 2,000 Residents (2) and other rural population". Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
- ^ Continuing to improve personal security in the Arab sector
Bibliography edit
- Abu Fana, Mohammed (2006-01-23). "Ibthan Final Report" (118). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Ibn al-Furat (1971). Jonathan Riley-Smith (ed.). Ayyubids, Mamluks and Crusaders: Selections from the "Tarikh Al-duwal Wal-muluk" of Ibn Al-Furat : the Text, the Translation. Vol. 2. Translation by Malcolm Cameron Lyons, Ursula Lyons. Cambridge: W. Heffer.
- Masarwa, Durar (2011-08-10). "Ibthan (North) Final Report" (123). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Masarwa, Durar (2011-09-07). "Ibthan (North) Final Report" (123). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Masarwa, Durar (2011-11-29). "Ibthan Final Report" (123). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Masarwa, Durar (2012-12-06). "Ibthan Final Report" (124). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Masarwa, Durar (2015-03-09). "Ibthan Final Report" (127). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Masarwa, Durar (2016-03-31). "Ibthan Final Report" (128). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Toueg, Ron (2010-09-05). "Ibthan Final Report" (122). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Zertal, A. (2016). The Manasseh Hill Country Survey. Vol. 3. Boston: BRILL. ISBN 978-9004312302. pp. 439-440
External links edit
- Welcome To Bir al-Sikka
- Welcome To Kh. Ibthan
- Welcome To al-Marja
- Welcome To Khirbat Yamma
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 11: IAA, Wikimedia commons