Summary
Zonitoides excavatus is a European species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Gastrodontidae.[3]
| Zonitoides excavatus | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Heterobranchia |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Gastrodontidae |
| Genus: | Zonitoides |
| Species: | Z. excavatus
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| Binomial name | |
| Zonitoides excavatus | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Distribution edit
Distribution of Zonitoides excavatus include:
- British Isles: Great Britain and Ireland. In Britain it restricted to a few regions, but frequent in the zones where it occurs (Cornwall, south of London, west Wales, Eastern, southwest and northwest Ireland, specifically Portman, Clonee, Clonakilty and Clare island, central England, southwest Scotland).[4]
- On the redlist in Ireland of species under threat, Endangered in Germany (2009).[4]
- Netherlands[4]
- Denmark[4]
- Belgium[4]
- northern France.[4]
Description edit
Zonitoides excavatus is smaller than Zonitoides nitidus.[4] The flat and shiny shell is tightly coiled.It is weakly brown or greenish brown, slightly transparent, with radial streaks.[4] The umbilicus is extremely wide and perspectivically open (as is the case in Discus rotundatus).[4] The animal is dark.[4]
The width of the shell is 5.3–7 mm, and the height of the shell is 2.8-3.4 mm.[4]
Ecology edit
Zonitoides excavatus lives in leaf litter and under dead wood in old natural forests, sometimes also in swamps (western Ireland and western Great Britain).[4] It lives only on non-calcareous, acid soils.[4] It tolerates some degree of human disturbance and replanting, but usually not in forest plantations.[4]
References edit
This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.[4]
- ^ Alder J. (1830). "A catalogue of the land and fresh-water testaceous Mollusca found in the vicinity of Newcastle upon Tyne, with remarks". Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland and Durham 1(1): 26-41. London.
- ^ "Zonitoides excavatus". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Zonitoides excavatus (Alder, 1830). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1050734 on 2023-12-07
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Species summary for Zonitoides excavatus". AnimalBase, last modified 28 January 2010, accessed 4 September 2010.
- Bank, R. A.; Neubert, E. (2017). Checklist of the land and freshwater Gastropoda of Europe. Last update: July 16, 2017.
External links edit
- shell image