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11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion

Summary

The 11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (11th AAA Bn) was a United States Marine Corps antiaircraft unit that served during World War II. Formed in 1942 as the 11th Defense Battalion, its original mission was to provide air and coastal defense for advanced naval bases. During the war the battalion defended took part in combat operations in the Solomon Islands. The battalion's tank platoon also saw extensive action on New Georgia and Arundel Island. The battalion was decommissioned before the end of the war on December 15, 1944.

11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
Active
  • 15 Jun 1942[1] – 15 Dec 1944[2]
Country United States of America
Branch United States Marine Corps
TypeAir Defense/Coastal Defense
Size~1100 men
EngagementsWorld War II
Commanders
Current
commander		N/A

History edit

Organization edit

The 11th Defense Battalion was commissioned on June 15, 1942 at Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, South Carolina.[1] On August 26, 1942 the battalion was moved to Marine Corps Air Station New River, North Carolina. It departed New River via train on October 7, 1942 bound for the West Coast. After a month and a half in San Diego, California the battalion departed the United States on December 3, 1942.

Solomon Islands edit

The 11th Defense Battalion arrived at Efate in the New Hebrides on December 21, 1942. On January 14, 1943 the battalion sailed from Efate and landed at Tulagi on January 17. It was assigned air and coastal defense for the Purvis Bay area of the Florida Islands. An antiaircraft detachment from the 11th accompanied the 43rd Infantry Regiment as it cleared Banika on February 21, 1943.[3] The det was later relieved by a detachment from the 10th Defense Battalion.[4] During July 1943, M3A1 Stuart Light Tanks of the 11th Defense Battalion were assigned to support the 43rd Infantry Division securing Munda Point on New Georgia.[5] After Munda, the tank section was transported via landing craft to Arundel Island where they again provided fire support for the 43rd Infantry during their seizure of the island.[6] On July 13, 1943 another detachment was displaced when the 90mm guns of Battery E were sent to support operations on New Georgia. Battery E went ashore on August 9 at Enogai Inlet to provide air defense following the Battle of Enogai.[7] These 50 Marines, with their 40mm antiaircraft guns and .50 cal machine guns, were a welcome addition to the base's defense. That evening the Battery E Marines scored a "probable" shoot down on a Japanese aircraft.[8] On September 24, 1943 the battalion ceased operations at Purvis Bay and prepared for embarkation on naval shipping.

New Georgia edit

The entire battalion arrived on New Georgia on September 26 and immediately began emplacing near Ondonga Airfield. On January 18, 1944 the battalion was notified that it would be soon relieved by incoming United States Army units. The battalion was officially relieved by the 276th Coast Artillery on February 10. During this time the battalion's Special Weapons Group was detached from the 40th Infantry Division on Guadalcanal. On March 10, 1944 the 11th Defense Battalion loaded all personnel and equipment onto the USS Hyperion (AK-107). New orders arrived and the ship had to be unloaded and the battalion instead moved to Arundel Island.

Reorganization, Hawaii and decommissioning edit

Beginning in 1944 the Marine Corps removed coastal artillery from the defense battalions in order to form additional heavy artillery units for the Fleet Marine Force.[9] On April 20, 1944 the battalion was divested of its seacoast artillery. These Marines and their equipment were transferred to Guadalcanal and used to form 155mm gun battalions. Because of the divestiture of the coastal defense mission, the battalion was re-designated as the 11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on May 16, 1944.[10][11]

June 1944 saw the battalion stage on Ondongo Island preparing to move. On June 21, 481.5 short tons of the battalion's gear departed on the USS Kopara (AK-62). After some delay, an additional 440.7 short tons departed on board USS LST-398 on June 29.[12] All elements of the battalion had arrived at Guadalcanal by July 10. The battalion continued training until November 27 when word was received that the battalion was going to be disbanded. All officers and Marines with two years overseas were sent home and other personnel were transferred to other units. The 11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion was decommissioned on December 15, 1944.[2]

Unit awards edit

A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. The 11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion has been presented with the following awards:[13]

Streamer Award Year(s) Additional Info
  Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Streamer
Guadalcanal
  World War II Victory Streamer 1941–1945 Pacific War

Notable former members edit

See also edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b Rottman 2002, pp. 212.
  2. ^ a b Rottman 2002, pp. 217.
  3. ^ Melson 1993, pp. 1.
  4. ^ Rottman 2004, pp. 79.
  5. ^ Updegraph 1972, pp. 73.
  6. ^ Melson 1996a, pp. 15–16.
  7. ^ Fredriksen 2011, pp. 136.
  8. ^ Shaw & Kane 1963, pp. 144.
  9. ^ Rottman 2002, pp. 216.
  10. ^ Melson 1996b, pp. 32.
  11. ^ Forty, George (2013). U.S. Marine Corps Handbook 1941-45. Gloucestershire, UK: The History Press. ISBN 9780752495859.
  12. ^ 11th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion War Diary dated 1 July 1944
  13. ^ Updegraph 1972, pp. 108.
  14. ^ Melson 1996a, pp. 13.

References edit

Bibliography
  • Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939–1945. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31906-5.
  • Rottman, Gordon L. (2004). U.S. Marine Corps Pacific Theater of Operations 1941-1943. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-518-X.
Web
  • Fredriksen, John C. (2011). The United States Marine Corps: A Chronology, 1775 to the Present. ABC-CLIO.LLC. ISBN 9781598845433. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  • Melson, Charles D. (1993). Up the Slot: Marines in the Central Solomons. Marines in World War II Commemorative Series. Washington, D.C.: Marine Corps Historical Center. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  • Melson, Charles D. (1996a). Condition Red: Marine Defense Battalions in World War II (PDF). Marines in World War II Commemorative Series. Washington, D.C.: Marine Corps Historical Center. LCCN 96174419. OCLC 34920984. Retrieved 2020-05-17. Part 1
  • Melson, Charles D. (1996b). Condition Red: Marine Defense Battalions in World War II (PDF). Marines in World War II Commemorative Series. Washington, D.C.: Marine Corps Historical Center. LCCN 96174419. OCLC 34920984. Retrieved 2020-05-25. Part 2
  • Shaw, Henry I; Kane, Douglas T. (1963). Isolation of Rabaul. History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Marine Corps Historical Center. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  • Updegraph, George (1972). Special Marine Corps Units of World War II (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Marine Corps Historical Center. Retrieved 2020-05-25.

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