1984_Individual_Speedway_World_Championship Knowpia

The 1984 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 39th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Without former champions Ivan Mauger, Ole Olsen, Peter Collins, Michael Lee, and Bruce Penhall, the 1984 World Final, held for the eighth time at the Ullevi Stadium in Göteborg, Sweden, was seen by some as the battle of the second tier riders. Though history would ultimately prove the first and second placed riders as among the best Motorcycle speedway has ever seen, winning every World Final between them until the end of the 1980s.^[4]

Dane Erik Gundersen won his first Speedway World Championship from countryman Hans Nielsen who defeated American Lance King in a run-off for second and third places. Defending champion Egon Müller of West Germany could not reproduce his 1983 World Final form and finished 14th with just 3 points from his 5 rides. 1983 runner-up Billy Sanders of Australia, the track record holder at Ullevi, fared marginally better, finishing 11th with just 5 points.^[5]

First round edit

British qualification edit

Date	Venue	Winner	2nd	3rd
Preliminary Round
8 April	Mildenhall Stadium, Mildenhall	Richard Knight	Kevin Jolly	Robert Henry
8 April	Boston Sports Stadium, Boston	Dave Perks	Colin Cook	Steve Lomas
10 April	Wessex Stadium, Weymouth	Marvyn Cox	Martin Yeates	Alun Rossiter
13 April	Powderhall Stadium, Edinburgh	Kenny McKinna	Dave Trownson	Charlie McKinna
17 April	Milton Keynes Stadium, Milton Keynes	Trevor Banks	Barry Thomas	Keith White
Quarter-Final
29 April	The Shay, Halifax	Kevin Jolly	Marvyn Cox	Barry Thomas

Swedish qualification edit

Top 6 in each heat to Swedish final

(6 May, Gamla Målilla Motorstadion Målilla)
Pos	Rider	Points
1	Björn Andersson	14
2	Anders Kling	13
3	Alf Trofast	11
4	Hans Danielsson	11
5	Mikael Blixt	11
6	Lillebror Johansson	10
7	Kenneth Nyström	10
8	Erik Stenlund	9
9	Hans Wahlström	7
10	Tony Gudbrand	6
11	Thomas Hydling	5
12	Conny Ivarsson	5
13	Gert Carlsson	4
14	Dick Jegård	2
15	Tommy Celander	1
16	Roger Gustavsson	0

(5 May, Linköping Motorstadion Linköping)
Pos	Rider	Points
1	Jan Andersson	15
2	Per Jonsson	14
3	Uno Johansson	11
4	Mikael Aniander	11
5	Tommy Johansson	11
6	Patrik Karlsson	8
7	Göran Waltersson	8
8	Lars Andersson	8
9	Jan Davidsson	8
10	[Jan Ericsson	7
11	Tony Olsson	7
12	Mikael Reinholdsson	4
13	Åke Fridell	3
14	Bengt Jansson	2
15	Sören Brolin	2
16	Mats Olsson	0

(6 May, Orionparken Stadium Hallstavik)
Pos	Rider	Points
1	Pierre Brannefors	15
2	Leif Wahlman	13
3	Mikael Messing	12
4	Tommy Nilsson	12
5	Magnus Jonsson	11
6	Lars Hammarberg	9
7	Börje Ring	9
8	Per-Ove Gudmundsson	9
9	Ulf Blomqvist	7
10	Lars Ericsson	6
11	Patric Ericsson	6
12	Kent Rickardsson	4
13	Niclas Johansson	3
14	Jimmie Magnusson	2
15	Stefan Karlsson	1
16	Mikael Löfqvist	1

Second round edit

Continental preliminary round edit

Date	Venue	Winner	2nd	3rd
22 April	Matija Gubec Stadium, Krško	Edward Jancarz	Georg Gilgenreiner	Jerzy Rembas
22 April	Hajdú Volán Stadion, Debrecen	Jiří Štancl	Wojciech Żabiałowicz	János Oreskó
22 April	Slaný Speedway Stadium, Slaný	Václav Verner	Maciej Jaworek	Stanislav Urban
22 April	Olching Speedwaybahn, Olching	Josef Aigner	Peter Wurtele	Armando Castagna

British semi-finals edit

16 May
Wimborne Road, Poole
Top 8 to British final

Pos.	Rider	Points
1	Michael Lee	15
2	Chris Morton	13
3	Phil Collins	12
4	Les Collins	11
5	Dave Jessup	9
6	Jeremy Doncaster	9
7	Mark Courtney	9
8	John Davis	8
9	Gordon Kennett	8
10	Kevin Smith	7
11	Kevin Jolly	6
12	Colin Richardson	5
13	Kenny McKinna	4
14	Alun Rossiter	3
15	Barry Thomas	1
16	John Barker	0

25 May
Oxford Stadium, Oxford
Top 8 to British final

Pos.	Rider	Points
1	Neil Evitts	12+3
2	Andy Grahame	12+2
3	Kenny Carter	11
4	Martin Yeates	10
5	John Louis	10
6	Alan Grahame	10
7	Malcolm Simmons	10
8	Peter Collins	9
9	Simon Wigg	8
10	Marvyn Cox	7
11	Steve Bastable	7
12	Neil Collins	5
13	Richard Knight	3
14	Dave Perks	3
15	Colin Cook	2
16	Sean Willmott	1

Third round edit

Continental quarter-finals edit

Top 32 to Continental semi-finals

Date	Venue	Winner	2nd	3rd
5 May	Stadion Wybrzeże, Gdańsk	Antonín Kasper Jr.	Boleslaw Proch	Petr Ondrašík
5 May	Ellermühle Stadium, Landshut	Egon Muller	Karl Maier	Jiří Štancl
6 May	Stadion Wiener Neustadt	Josef Aigner	Andrzej Huszcza	Alois Wiesböck
6 May	Napos út, Szeged	Mikhail Starostin	Edward Jancarz	Aleš Dryml Sr.

British Final edit

20 June 1984
Brandon Stadium, Coventry
First 8 to Overseas final

Placing	Rider	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Pts	Pos	21
	(5) Kenny Carter	13		3			3					1					3					3	13	1
	(10) Andy Grahame	12			3			2						3			1		3				12	2
	(15) Dave Jessup	11				2			3			2						2	2				11	3
4	(4) Les Collins	10	2							3				1				3				1	10	4
5	(2) Martin Yeates	10	1					3				3				1				2			10	5
6	(1) Alan Grahame	9	3				3				0				3				T				9	6
7	(3) Simon Wigg	8	E						0				3				2				3		8	7
8	(7) Jeremy Doncaster	8		0					2					2	1					3			8	8
9	(14) Peter Collins	7				1		1					1		2							2	7	9	3
10	(16) Neil Evitts	7				3				2	2						0			0			7	10	2
11	(11) Gordon Kennett	6			2				1		1					2						0	6	11
12	(9) Chris Morton	5			E		1						2					1		1			5	12
13	(13) John Louis	4				X	2							0		0					2		4	13
14	(8) Phil Collins	3		X						0			E			3			E				3	14
15	(12) John Davis	3			1					1		0			0						1		3	15
16	(6) Mark Courtney	2		2				0			0							0			0		2	16
R1	(R1) Kevin Hawkins	1																	1				1	R1
Placing	Rider	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Pts	Pos	21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside	gate B	gate C	gate D - outside

American Final edit

9 June 1984
Veterans Memorial Stadium, Long Beach,
First 3 to Overseas final plus 1 reserve

Placing	Rider	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Pts	Pos	21
	(11) Bobby Schwartz	15			3				3		3					3						3	15	1
	(6) Kelly Moran	14		3				3			2							3			3		14	2
	(12) Shawn Moran	13			2					3		3			3						2		13	3
4	(1) Lance King	11	3				3				1				1				3				11	4
5	(4) John Cook	10	2							2				3				2				1	10	5
6	(7) Rick Miller	10		1					2					2	2					3			10	6
7	(13) Mike Faria	9				3	2							1		2					1		9	7
8	(8) Sam Ermolenko	6		2						E			3			0			1				6	8
9	(5) Robert Pfetzing	6		0			1					2					3					F	6	9
10	(15) Mike Curosco	5				1			1			0						1	2				5	10
11	(14) Dennis Sigalos	4				2		2					F		-							-	4	11
12	(3) Brad Oxley	3	0						E				2				1				0		3	12
13	(9) Buddy Robinson	3			0		0						1					0		2			3	13
14	(2) John Sandoma	4	1					0				1				1				1			4	14
15	(10) Dubb Farrell	2			1			1						0			0		0				2	15
16	(16) Alan Christian	0				X				-	-						-			-			0	16
R1	(R1) Jim Lawson	4									0				0		2					2	4	R1
R2	(R2) Keith Christo	1								1										0			1	R2
Placing	Rider	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Pts	Pos	21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside	gate B	gate C	gate D - outside

Australian Final edit

29 January 1984
Olympic Park, Mildura
First 2 to Overseas final plus 1 reserve

Pos.	Rider	Heat Scores	Total
1	Phil Crump	(3,3,3,3,3)	15
2	Billy Sanders	(3,2,3,2,3)	13
3	Gary Guglielmi	(F,3,3,3,2)	11
4	John Titman	(3,3,2,1,1)	10
5	Rod Hunter	(0,2,2,3,3)	10
6	Steve Regeling	(1,3,0,3,2)	9
7	Steve Baker	(2,F,1,2,3)	8
8	Stan Bear	(2,1,0,2,2)	7
9	Glyn Taylor	(3,2,0,F,1)	6
10	Mark Fiora	(1,1,3,0,0)	5
11	David Jackson	(2,2,1,F,X)	5
12	Ray Palmer	(2,X,2,0,1)	5
13	Brent Nott	(0,2,2,1,0)	5
14	David Cheshire	(1,0,0,1,2)	4
15	Ashley Norton	(F,-,-,-,-)	0
16	John McNeill	(-,-,-,-,-)	0
R1	Greg Barrett	(1,1,1,0)	3
18	Chris Schmidt	(0,1,0,1,0)	2

New Zealand Final edit

4 February 1984
Ruapuna Speedway, Christchurch
First 2 to Overseas final plus 1 reserve

Pos.	Rider	Total
1	Mitch Shirra	15
2	Larry Ross	14
3	David Bargh	13
4	Barry Briggs	11
5	Alan Mason	11
6	Peter Nightingale	9
7	Chris Martin	9
8	Mike Fullerton	8
9	Robin Hampton	7
10	Alan Fisher	6
11	Greg de Kok	5
12	Steve Duckworth	5
13	Alan Crosbie	4
14	Wayne Brown	2
15	Greg Holloway	1
16	Mark Richards	0

Danish Final edit

Fladbro Speedway, Randers
Top 6 to Nordic final

Date	Winner	2nd	3rd
6 May	Bo Petersen	Erik Gundersen	Hans Nielsen

Norwegian Final edit

Geiteryggen Speedwaybane, Skien
11 May 1984, first 2 to Nordic final

Pos.	Rider	Total
1	Tormod Langli	15
2	Einar Kyllingstad	13+3
3	Roy Otto	13+2
4	Ingvar Skogland	11
5	Dag Haland	11
6	Arne Svendsen	9
7	Kurt Ualand	8
8	Willy Tjessem	8
9	Asgeir Bjerga	7
10	Geir Aasland	7

Finland Final edit

Yyterin speedwaystadion, Pori
25 August 1983, top 1 (+2 seeded riders) to 1984 Nordic final

Pos.	Rider	Total
1	Ari Koponen	15
2	Juha Moksunen	14
3	Olli Tyrvainen	13
4	Kai Niemi	11
5	Pekka Hautamaki	11
6	Heimo Kaikko	11
7	Esa Mattila	9
8	Jorma Reima	8
9	Seppo Keskinen	8
10	Henry Kivela	5
11	Ossi Henriksson	3
12	Hannu Larronmaa	3
13	Harri Lankinen	3
14	Pentti Kallio (res)	3
15	Veli Pekka Kunelius	2
16	Rauli Makinen	1
17	Isto Maja	0

Swedish Finals edit

Top 5 to Nordic final
R1 (22 May, Sannaheds Motorstadion, Kumla)
R2 (23 May, Ljungheden, Vastervik)
R3 (24 May, Ullevi, Göteborg)

Pos.	Rider	R1	R2	R3	Total
1	Jan Andersson	15	15	14	44
2	Pierre Brannefors	12	14	14	40
3	Björn Andersson	13	12	11	36
4	Mikael Blixt	11	12	9	32
5	Tommy Nilsson	12	10	8	30
6	Leif Wahlman	7	10	8	25+3
7	Per Jonsson	8	6	11	25+2
8	Patrik Karlsson	8	9	7	24
9	Hans Danielsson	8	8	8	24
10	Alf Trofast	6	8	8	22
11	Uno Johansson	4	6	8	18
12	Anders Kling	5	3	4	12
13	Göran Waltersson	2	2	4	8
14	Magnus Jonsson	4	2	0	6
15	Lillebror Johansson	5	-	-	5
16	Mikael Aniander	0	3	0	3

Fourth round edit

Continental semi-finals edit

10 June
Motodrom Halbemond, Norden
Top 8 to Continental final

Pos.	Rider	Points
1	Egon Müller	14
2	Jiří Štancl	12
3	Karl Maier	12
4	Václav Verner	12
5	Peter Würtele	10
6	Georg Hack	10
7	Josef Aigner	9
8	Henny Kroeze	8
9	Andrzej Huszcza	7
10	Armando Dal Chiele	7
11	Roman Jankowski	5
12	Leonard Raba	4
13	Igor Stolyarov	4
14	Jan Krzystyniak	3
15	Armando Castagna	3
16	Emil Sova	0

10 June
Speedway Žarnovica, Žarnovica
Top 8 to Continental final

Pos.	Rider	Points
1	Zenon Kasprzak	13
2	Petr Ondrašík	11
3	Lubomir Jedek	11
4	Michail Starostin	11
5	Aleš Dryml Sr.	10
6	Edward Jancarz	9
7	Zdeněk Schneiderwind	9
8	Zenon Plech	8+3
9	Boleslaw Proch	8+2
10	Istvan Rusz	8+1
11	Antonín Kasper Jr.	6
12	Wojciech Zabialowicz	5
13	Fritz Bauer	5
14	Petr Kucera	4
15	Gennady Potechin	1

Nordic Final edit

12 June 1984
Norrköping Motorstadion, Norrköping
First 6 +1 reserve to Intercontinental final

Placing	Rider	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Pts	Pos	21
	(13) Hans Nielsen	14				2	3							3		3					3		14	1
	(11) Erik Gundersen	12			3				2		3					2						2	12	2
	(15) Mikael Blixt	11				3			1			1						3	3				11	3	3
4	(5) Jan Andersson	11		3			X					3					2					3	11	4	2
5	(14) Kai Niemi	11				1		3					3		3							1	11	5	1
6	(3) Bo Petersen	11	1						3				2				3				2		11	6	0
7	(2) Tommy Nilsson	10	3					2				2				X				3			10	7
8	(8) Ari Koponen	8		2						2			1			1			2				8	8
9	(16) Peter Ravn	7				0				3	2						0			2			7	9
10	(1) Jens Rasmussen	7	2				2				0				2				1				7	10
11	(6) Pierre Brannefors	6		1				1			1							2			1		6	11
12	(12) Bjorn Andersson	4			2					1		0			1						0		4	12
13	(10) John Eskildsen	3			F			X						2			1		0				3	13
14	(4) Pekka Hautamaki	2	0							0				1				1				0	2	14
15	(9) Einar Kyllingstad	2			1		1						0					0		0			2	15
16	(7) Ray Otto	1		0					0					0	0					1			1	16
R1	(R1) Patrick Karsson	0						0															0	R1
Placing	Rider	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Pts	Pos	21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside	gate B	gate C	gate D - outside

Overseas Final edit

15 July 1984
Hyde Road, Manchester
First 10 to the Intercontinental Final plus 1 reserve

Placing	Rider	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Pts	Pos	21
	(2) Lance King	15	3					3				3				3				3			15	1
	(7) Phil Crump	12		3					3					3	2					1			12	2
	(10) Shawn Moran	11			3			E						3			2		3				11	3
4	(4) Billy Sanders	10	1							3				1				3				2	10	4
5	(8) Alan Grahame	10		2						2			1			3			2				10	5
6	(9) Mitch Shirra	9			1		3						3					2		0			9	6
7	(11) Kenny Carter	8			2				2		3					0						1	8	7
8	(14) Simon Wigg	8				1		1					2		1							3	8	8
9	(16) Larry Ross	7				2				1	1						1			2			7	9
10	(5) Kelly Moran	6		1			1					2					2					0	6	10	3
11	(15) Les Collins	6				3			1			0						1	1				6	11	2
12	(13) Jeremy Doncaster	5				X	0							E		2					3		5	12
13	(1) Andy Grahame	5	2				1				2				0				0				5	13
14	(12) Bobby Schwartz	3			0					0		1			E						2		3	14
15	(6) Dave Jessup	3		0				2			0							0			1		3	15
16	(3) Martin Yeates	0	0						0				0				0				0		0	16
R1	(R1) John Cook	0																					0	R1
Placing	Rider	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Pts	Pos	21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside	gate B	gate C	gate D - outside

Fifth round edit

Continental Final edit

22 July 1984
Rivne Speedway Stadium, Rivne
First 5 to World Final plus 1 reserve

Placing	Rider	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Pts	Pos	21
	(14) Egon Muller	14				2		3					3		3							3	14	1	3
	(5) Karl Maier	14		3			3					3					3					2	14	2	2
	(2) Jiří Štancl	11	3					2				2				3				1			11	3	3
4	(11) Václav Verner	11			3				3		2					2						1	11	4	2
5	(9) Edward Jancarz	10			2		2						2					2		2			10	5
6	(16) Petr Ondrašík	9				0				1	3						2			3			9	6
7	(6) Georg Hack	8		1				F			1							3			3		8	7
8	(13) Aleš Dryml Sr.	7				1	1							2		1					2		7	8
9	(8) Lubomir Jedek	6		0						3			1			0			2				6	9
10	(10) Henny Kroeze	6			F			1						3			1		1				6	10
11	(7) Mikhail Starostin	6		2					2					F	2					0			6	11
12	(4) Andrzej Huszcza	4	1							2				1				X				0	4	12
13	(15) Zenon Plech	3				3			0			F						X	-				3	13
14	(1) Zdenek Schneiderwind	2	2				F				0				0				0				2	14
15	(3) Peter Wurtele	1	0						1				0				-				X		1	15
16	(12) Zenon Kasprzak	1			1					0		-			-						-		1	16
R1	(R1) Boleslaw Proch	5										1			1				3				5	R1
Placing	Rider	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Pts	Pos	21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside	gate B	gate C	gate D - outside

Intercontinental Final edit

20 July 1984
Vojens Speedway Center, Vojens
First 11 to World Final plus 1 reserve

Placing	Rider	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Pts	Pos	21
	(12) Shawn Moran	13			3					3		2			3						2		13	1
	(10) Simon Wigg	12			1			2						3			3		3				12	2
	(9) Lance King	11			2		3						2					2		2			11	3
4	(14) Bo Petersen	9				3		3					0		2							1	9	4
5	(15) Mitch Shirra	9				1			3			1						3	1				9	5
6	(5) Kelly Moran	8		3			F					3					2					0	8	6
7	(16) Kai Niemi	8				2				0	3						0			3			8	7
8	(13) Hans Nielsen	8				0	E							2		3					3		8	8
9	(8) Erik Gundersen	8		2						2			3			1			0				8	9
10	(1) Jan Andersson	7	2				2				1				0				2				7	10
11	(11) Billy Sanders	7			0				1		2					2						2	7	11
12	(4) Alan Grahame	6	1							1				1				0				3	6	12	3
13	(3) Kenny Carter	6	3						0				1				1				1		6	13	2
14	(7) Phil Crump	5		1					2					0	1					1			5	14
15	(2) Larry Ross	1	0					1				0				0				0			1	15
16	(6) Mikael Blixt	1		F				0			0							1			0		1	16
Placing	Rider	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Pts	Pos	21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside	gate B	gate C	gate D - outside

World Final edit

1 September 1984
Ullevi, Göteborg.^[6]

Placing	Rider	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Pts	Pos	21
	(5) Erik Gundersen	14		2			3					3					3					3	14	1
	(3) Hans Nielsen	13	3						3				3				1				3		13	2	3
	(14) Lance King	13				3		3					2		3							2	13	3	2
4	(10) Kelly Moran	11			2			2						2			2		3				11	4
5	(7) Mitch Shirra	10		3					2					1	1					3			10	5
6	(11) Simon Wigg	9			3				1		2					3						0	9	6
7	(2) Bo Petersen	9	2					1				2				2				2			9	7
8	(6) Shawn Moran	7		1				0			3							1			2		7	8
9	(12) Karl Maier	7			0					3		1			2						1		7	9
10	(4) Jan Andersson	6	0							2				3				0				1	6	10
11	(1) Billy Sanders	5	1				2				1				0				1				5	11
12	(9) Kai Niemi	4			1		1						0					2		0			4	12
13	(16) Petr Ondrašík	3				2				0	0						E			1			3	13
14	(8) Egon Muller	3		0						1			1			1			F				3	14
15	(13) Jiří Štancl	1				1	0							0		0					0		1	15
16	(15) Václav Verner	0				0			0			E						-	-				0	16
R1	(R1) Alan Grahame	5																3	2				5	R1
Placing	Rider	Total	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Pts	Pos	21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside	gate B	gate C	gate D - outside

References edit

^ "HISTORY SPEEDWAY and LONGTRACK". Speedway.org. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
^ "Speedway riders, history and results". wwosbackup. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
^ "WORLD INDIVIDUAL FINAL - RIDER INDEX". British Speedway. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
^ "WORLD FINALS 1936-1994" (PDF). Speedway Researcher. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
^ "World Championship 1936-1994". Edinburgh Speedway. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
^ Bamford, R. & Shailes, G. (2002). A History of the World Speedway Championship. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. ISBN 0-7524-2402-5