Apolipoprotein_C-II Knowpia

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Apo-CII
Apo-CII
	nmr structure of human apolipoprotein c-ii in the presence of sds
Identifiers
Symbol	Apo-CII
Pfam	PF05355
InterPro	IPR008019
SCOP2	1by6 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Pfam
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

APOC2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1SOH, 1BY6, 1I5J, 1O8T
Identifiers
Aliases	APOC2, APO-CII, APOC-II, apolipoprotein C2
External IDs	OMIM: 608083 MGI: 88054 HomoloGene: 47928 GeneCards: APOC2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 19 (human)
End	44,949,565 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	19,411,866 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right lobe of liver; ; substantia nigra; ; duodenum; ; caudate nucleus; ; putamen; ; amygdala; ; nucleus accumbens; ; hypothalamus; ; hippocampus proper; ; prefrontal cortex;
	Top expressed in
	yolk sac; ; duodenum; ; liver; ; jejunum; ; ileum; ; spermatocyte; ; colon; ; morula; ; stomach; ; bone marrow;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	lipase inhibitor activity; phospholipase binding; protein homodimerization activity; lipoprotein lipase activator activity; phospholipase activator activity; enzyme activator activity; lipid binding;
Cellular component	chylomicron; very-low-density lipoprotein particle; spherical high-density lipoprotein particle; extracellular region; early endosome; low-density lipoprotein particle; high-density lipoprotein particle; intermediate-density lipoprotein particle; extracellular space;
Biological process	high-density lipoprotein particle clearance; lipid transport; positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process; chylomicron remnant clearance; lipid metabolism; phospholipid efflux; positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity; positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process; negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance; retinoid metabolic process; negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis; lipid catabolic process; positive regulation of phospholipase activity; positive regulation of phospholipid catabolic process; cholesterol efflux; very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; negative regulation of cholesterol transport; cholesterol homeostasis; positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling; triglyceride homeostasis; negative regulation of lipid metabolic process; reverse cholesterol transport; negative regulation of catalytic activity; lipoprotein transport; chylomicron remodeling; high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; chylomicron assembly; positive regulation of catalytic activity;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	344
	11813
	ENSG00000234906
	ENSMUSG00000002992
	P02655
	Q05020
	NM_000483
	NM_001277944; NM_001309795
	NP_000474; NP_000474.2
	NP_001296728; NP_001264873; NP_001296724
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Apolipoprotein C-II (Apo-CII, or Apoc-II), or apolipoprotein C2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC2 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is secreted in plasma, where it is a component of very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons. This protein activates the enzyme lipoprotein lipase in capillaries,^[5] which hydrolyzes triglycerides and thus provides free fatty acids for cells. Mutations in this gene cause hyperlipoproteinemia type IB, characterized by xanthomas, pancreatitis, and hepatosplenomegaly, but no increased risk for atherosclerosis. Lab tests will show elevated blood levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and chylomicrons^[6]

Interactive pathway map edit

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. ^{[§ 1]}

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|alt=Statin pathway edit]]

Statin pathway edit

^ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "Statin_Pathway_WP430".

References edit

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000234906 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000002992 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Kim SY, Park SM, Lee ST (2006). "Apolipoprotein C-II is a novel substrate for matrix metalloproteinases". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 339 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.182. PMID 16314153.
^ "Entrez Gene: APOC2 apolipoprotein C-II".

Jackson RL, Baker HN, Gilliam EB, Gotto AM (1977). "Primary structure of very low density apolipoprotein C-II of human plasma". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74 (5): 1942–5. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.1942J. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.5.1942. PMC 431048. PMID 194244.
Lycksell PO, Ohman A, Bengtsson-Olivecrona G, et al. (1992). "Sequence specific 1H-NMR assignments and secondary structure of a carboxy-terminal functional fragment of apolipoprotein CII". Eur. J. Biochem. 205 (1): 223–31. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16772.x. PMID 1555583.
Hegele RA, Connelly PW, Maguire GF, et al. (1992). "An apolipoprotein CII mutation, CIILys19----Thr' identified in patients with hyperlipidemia". Dis. Markers. 9 (2): 73–80. PMID 1782747.
Crecchio C, Capurso A, Pepe G (1990). "Identification of the mutation responsible for a case of plasmatic apolipoprotein CII deficiency (Apo CII-Bari)". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 168 (3): 1118–27. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)91145-I. PMID 1971748.
Bengtsson-Olivecrona G, Sletten K (1990). "Primary structure of the bovine analogues to human apolipoproteins CII and CIII. Studies on isoforms and evidence for proteolytic processing". Eur. J. Biochem. 192 (2): 515–21. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19255.x. PMID 2209608.
Wei CF, Tsao YK, Robberson DL, et al. (1986). "The structure of the human apolipoprotein C-II gene. Electron microscopic analysis of RNA:DNA hybrids, complete nucleotide sequence, and identification of 5' homologous sequences among apolipoprotein genes". J. Biol. Chem. 260 (28): 15211–21. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)95724-8. PMID 2415514.
Fojo SS, Lohse P, Parrott C, et al. (1989). "A nonsense mutation in the apolipoprotein C-IIPadova gene in a patient with apolipoprotein C-II deficiency". J. Clin. Invest. 84 (4): 1215–9. doi:10.1172/JCI114287. PMC 329780. PMID 2477392.
Jackson CL, Bruns GA, Breslow JL (1986). "Isolation of cDNA and genomic clones for apolipoprotein C-II". In Segrest JP, Albers JA (eds.). Plasma Lipoproteins Part A: Preparation, Structure, and Molecular Biology. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 128. Elsevier. pp. 788–800. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(86)28106-9. ISBN 9780121820282. PMID 3014272.
Fojo SS, Law SW, Brewer HB (1987). "The human preproapolipoprotein C-II gene. Complete nucleic acid sequence and genomic organization". FEBS Lett. 213 (1): 221–6. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)81495-3. PMID 3030808. S2CID 42223577.
Fojo SS, Stalenhoef AF, Marr K, et al. (1989). "A deletion mutation in the ApoC-II gene (ApoC-II Nijmegen) of a patient with a deficiency of apolipoprotein C-II". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (34): 17913–6. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)81302-9. PMID 3192518.
Fojo SS, Beisiegel U, Beil U, et al. (1988). "Donor splice site mutation in the apolipoprotein (Apo) C-II gene (Apo C-IIHamburg) of a patient with Apo C-II deficiency". J. Clin. Invest. 82 (5): 1489–94. doi:10.1172/JCI113756. PMC 442713. PMID 3263393.
Connelly PW, Maguire GF, Hofmann T, Little JA (1987). "Structure of apolipoprotein C-IIToronto, a nonfunctional human apolipoprotein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (1): 270–3. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84..270C. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.1.270. PMC 304185. PMID 3467353.
Fairwell T, Hospattankar AV, Brewer HB, Khan SA (1987). "Human plasma apolipoprotein C-II: total solid-phase synthesis and chemical and biological characterization". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (14): 4796–800. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84.4796F. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.14.4796. PMC 305192. PMID 3474626.
Fojo SS, Taam L, Fairwell T, et al. (1986). "Human preproapolipoprotein C-II. Analysis of major plasma isoforms". J. Biol. Chem. 261 (21): 9591–4. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)67554-4. PMID 3525527.
Das HK, Jackson CL, Miller DA, et al. (1987). "The human apolipoprotein C-II gene sequence contains a novel chromosome 19-specific minisatellite in its third intron". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (10): 4787–93. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)61264-5. PMID 3558370.
Connelly PW, Maguire GF, Little JA (1988). "Apolipoprotein CIISt. Michael. Familial apolipoprotein CII deficiency associated with premature vascular disease". J. Clin. Invest. 80 (6): 1597–606. doi:10.1172/JCI113246. PMC 442428. PMID 3680515.
Baggio G, Manzato E, Gabelli C, et al. (1986). "Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency syndrome. Clinical features, lipoprotein characterization, lipase activity, and correction of hypertriglyceridemia after apolipoprotein C-II administration in two affected patients". J. Clin. Invest. 77 (2): 520–7. doi:10.1172/JCI112332. PMC 423374. PMID 3944267.
Menzel HJ, Kane JP, Malloy MJ, Havel RJ (1986). "A variant primary structure of apolipoprotein C-II in individuals of African descent". J. Clin. Invest. 77 (2): 595–601. doi:10.1172/JCI112342. PMC 423392. PMID 3944271.
Sharpe CR, Sidoli A, Shelley CS, et al. (1984). "Human apolipoproteins AI, AII, CII and CIII. cDNA sequences and mRNA abundance". Nucleic Acids Res. 12 (9): 3917–32. doi:10.1093/nar/12.9.3917. PMC 318799. PMID 6328445.
Jackson CL, Bruns GA, Breslow JL (1984). "Isolation and sequence of a human apolipoprotein CII cDNA clone and its use to isolate and map to human chromosome 19 the gene for apolipoprotein CII". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81 (10): 2945–9. Bibcode:1984PNAS...81.2945J. doi:10.1073/pnas.81.10.2945. PMC 345197. PMID 6328478.