The piece is a waltz in D major, composed in the style of a Scottish lament (e.g., Niel Gow's "Lament for His Second Wife").^[3] Jay Ungar describes the song as coming out of "a sense of loss and longing" after the annual Ashokan Music & Dance Camps ended.^[3] The most famous arrangement of the piece begins with a solo violin, later accompanied by guitar and upright bass. Another arrangement, featuring Ungar, Mason, and their family band, is performed with two violins, an acoustic guitar, and a banjo, with the piece beginning with a solo violin.

Before its use as the television series theme, "Ashokan Farewell" was recorded on Waltz of the Wind, the second album by the band Fiddle Fever. The musicians included Ungar and Mason. Ashokan was the name of a former village in the Catskill region^[1] that is now mostly covered by the Ashokan Reservoir.

In 1984, filmmaker Ken Burns heard "Ashokan Farewell" and was moved by it. He used it in two of his documentary films: Huey Long (1985), and The Civil War (1990), which features the original recording by Fiddle Fever in the beginning of the film. The Civil War drew the greatest attention to the piece. It is played 25 times throughout the eleven-hour series,^[1] including during the emotional reading of Sullivan Ballou's letter to his wife in the first episode. The song underlies nearly an hour of film. Viewers of The Civil War frequently believe the melody is a traditional tune from the Civil War era; in fact, it is the only modern composition on the film's soundtrack, as all other music is authentic 19th-century music.^[1]

In the wake of the success of the series and its soundtrack album, the track was released as a single by Elektra Nonesuch, backed with the "Sullivan Ballou Letter" recording featuring narrator David McCullough and actor Paul Roebling reading the part of Ballou. It subsequently received airtime on some country music-formatted radio stations, which was timely as the United States entered Operation Desert Storm. Elektra Nonesuch director of media relations Carol Yaple told Billboard magazine, "I think ['Ashokan Farewell'] was the theme that people could sort of attach the series identity to. However... [the series' music] is really all of the period. There's nothing sexy or contemporary about it, really, except that it was attached to that series and is good music, certainly."^[4]

The song was later used in the Louie episode "The Road: Part II", where Louie dresses up in a Civil War uniform for an old-time photograph.^[5]

Most recently, the song is used in the 2018 premiere of the television series Yellowstone.

The song has been covered and rerecorded numerous times:

• 1992 – Cape Breton fiddler Jerry Holland performed the tune on his album The Fiddlesticks Collection.
• 1993 – Country violinist Mark O'Connor released Heroes, containing an "Ashokan Farewell" duet with Pinchas Zukerman.^[6]
• 1994 – Acoustic guitar duo Wind Machine on their album A Show of Hands.
• 1994 – Bluegrass guitarist Tony Rice covered it on his release Live.
• 1994 – Priscilla Herdman also released it on Forever and Always, with lyrics by Grian Mac Gregor. Both Ungar and Mason accompanied her.
• 1994 – Folk guitarist Tommy Emmanuel recorded it on his album Terra Firma with his brother Phil Emmanuel. He also does a version of the song with his band which includes drumming from the Civil War time period, a standing bass, and a second harmony guitar.
• 1996 – LeRoy Mack on the album LeRoy Mack And Friends.
• 1997 – James Galway and Phil Coulter, featuring James Galway on the flute.
• 1997 – Joe Trio ( Allen Styles, Cameron Wilson and Laura McPheeters) on the album A Cup of Joe,
• 1997 - The Adagio Trio recorded it on the album Stillpoint arranged for cello, harp, and flute
• ca. 1998 - Southern Cross Bush Band (Featuring fiddler Les Helfgott), Included as part of a medley on their CD album "Cross Selection".
• 2001 – A cover version appears on Chuck Leavell's solo piano recording Forever Blue.
• 2002 – Solo fingerstyle guitarist Larry Pattis plays a moving version in DADGAD tuning on his album "Hands of Time."
• 2002 – Americana band Scythian on the album Dance at the Crossroads.
• 2003 – The violin duo group "Duel" consisting of Greg Scott and Craig Owen released a cover on Ashokan Farewell on their 1st Album entitled "DUEL" the Album went to number 1 in the UK classical charts for several weeks.
• 2005 – The all-female Irish musical ensemble Celtic Woman released a cover version by Máiréad Nesbitt (violin/fiddle) in their first album and live DVD recording of the same name.
• 2006 – Time for Three covered it on We Just Burned this for You, recorded live at Bowling Green State University in Ohio on January 13.
• 2008 – British vocal band Blake covered the song for their self-titled debut album.
• 2008 – North Dakota fiddler Loy Larson performs it on his album Loy Larson, On Track. He performs all the instruments heard in this tune and all tunes on the album.
• 2009 – Arvel Bird, fiddler, included the song in his album Red River Jig, alongside several Métis tunes
• 2011 – Keith Kenniff, under his moniker Goldmund, covered the song on his album All Will Prosper.
• 2011 – The Band Of Her Majesty's Royal Marines released a cover of Ashokan Farewell
• 2011 – The Ebony Hillbillies on their album Barefoot and Flying.
• 2011 – Circa Paleo on their album Tideland.
• 2012 – Muckle Flugga on their album Back To The Light.
• 2012-2013 – In the BBC America TV series Copper,^[7] which takes place in the Five Points of New York City in 1864, almost 120 years before the tune was written.
• 2013 – On the album Strike the Tent, the Second South Carolina String Band covers the song.
• 2013 – Electric violinist Bridgid Bibbens covered the song on her debut album Sugar&Steel.
• 2013 – Performed by solo violinist Major John Perkins of The Band of Her Majesty's Royal Marines was voted no. 36 in Classic FM's (UK) Hall of Fame.^[8]
• 2013 – Burning Bridget Cleary on their album Pressed for Time.
• 2013 – Broderick & Broderick, on their eponymous EP, include a track entitled "Ashokan Farewell".
• 2014 – Nicola Benedetti: Homecoming, Rory MacDonald & BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, soloist Nicola Benedetti, Decca.
• 2015 – The Coal Creek Boys perform it on their album Out West.
• 2015 – A remixed version is used in the soundtrack of the Japanese Anime TV series Owarimonogatari called Euler, Composed by Kei Haneoka.^[9]
• 2017 – The American Heritage Lyceum Philharmonic recorded the tune for their album Simple Gifts
• 2019 – Jenny Oaks Baker performed a Kurt Bestor arrangement of it with the Lyceum Philharmonic orchestra, filmed in an outdoor setting, with the Sullivan Ballou farewell love letter from "The Civil War" documentary by Ken Burns overlaid throughout.^[10]
• 2019 – Nova Scotian fiddler Amelia Parker recorded the song for her album Intertwined
• 2019 – James Dunne closed his album Family Songs, Vol.1 with it, featuring mandolin, harmonica, guitar and violin.^[11]
• 2021 - Valentina Lisitsa - piano - recorded by Music Lab Collective - on album Classical Chill, released June 2, 2021

• Music history of the United States during the Civil War era

• Sample file by the Brassworks Band
• Ashokan Farewell FAQ
• Ashokan Fiddle & Dance Camp