Summary
George William Summers (March 4, 1804 – September 19, 1868) was an attorney, politician, and judge from Virginia (and what became West Virginia during the American Civil War).
George W. Summers | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Judge for the 18th Judicial Circuit | |
| In office 1852 – 1859 | |
| Preceded by | David McComas |
| Succeeded by | David McComas |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 14th district | |
| In office 1841 – 1845 | |
| Preceded by | Andrew Beirne |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Johnson |
| Member of the Virginia House of Delegates from the Kanawha County district | |
| In office December 6, 1830 – December 2, 1832 | |
| Preceded by | Matthew Dunbar |
| Succeeded by | James H. Fry |
| Member of the Virginia House of Delegates from the Kanawha County district | |
| In office December 1, 1834 – December 4, 1836 | |
| Preceded by | James H. Fry |
| Succeeded by | Andrew Donnelly, Jr. |
| Personal details | |
| Born | March 4, 1804 Fairfax County, Virginia, U.S. |
| Died | September 19, 1868 (aged 64) Charleston, West Virginia, U.S. |
| Political party | Whig |
| Profession | Politician, Lawyer, Judge |
Early and family life edit
Summers was born in Fairfax County, Virginia to George Summers and his wife, the former Nancy Ann Smith Radcliffe. His father represented Fairfax County in the Virginia House of Delegates for four terms, then moved his family to Kanawha County (later Putnam County) in 1814. Young George Summers attended what later became Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia in 1820-1821,[1] then continued his education at Ohio University and graduated in 1825.
On February 7, 1833 in Charleston he married Ammazetta Laidley (1818-1892), and they had sons Lewis Summers (1844-1928) and George Laidley Summers (1848-1863).[2]
Career edit
Summers was admitted to the Virginia bar in 1827 and opened a law practice in Charleston.
In 1830, voters in Kanawha County elected Summers to the Virginia House of Delegates, where he served from 1830 to 1832 (when he was defeated by James H. Fry, whom he defeated two years later), and again in the part-time position from 1834 to 1836.[3]
Later, in 1840, voters elected Summers was a Whig to the U.S. House of Representatives, where he represented what was then Virginia's 19th Congressional District. Summers served in the Twenty-Seventh and Twenty-Eighth Congresses, and despite the abolition of the 19th district after the 1840 census. He won re-election to the restructured 14th Congressional district, but was defeated for reelection in 1844 by Joseph Johnson.
Summers again represented Kanawha County as a delegate in the 1850 Virginia Constitutional Convention.[4] However, his attempt to become Governor of Virginia failed in 1851, as he again lost to Joseph Johnson. The Virginia General Assembly, nonetheless elected Summers a circuit court judge for the Eighteenth Judicial Circuit (which covered several counties in the Kanawha Valley) and he served for six years, replacing slaveholder David McComas and being replaced by him after six years when he resigned and resumed his law practice for the final near decade of his life.[5]
In 1861, Kanawha County voters again elected Summers to represent them, at the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861. He vehemently opposed Virginia's secession from the Union. In March 1861 hoped, with associates, to call a border state convention in Nashville or Frankfort (sometimes called the "Guthrie Plan" after James Guthrie of Kentucky) to forestall the looming conflict.[6] Instead, after he spoke at the Secession convention, former president John Tyler and University of Virginia professor James P. Holcombe spoke at length to refute his argument.[7] After President Lincoln called for troops following the Battle of Fort Sumter and the convention voted for secession, Summers resigned and was replaced by Andrew Parks.[8][9]
Death and legacy edit
Summers died in Charleston on September 19, 1868. He is buried at Charleston's Spring Hill Cemetery
In 1871, the West Virginia Legislature honored Summers by forming Summers County from portions of Fayette, Greenbrier County, Mercer County, and Monroe County.
External links edit
- United States Congress. "George W. Summers (id: S001066)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- George William Summers in Union or Secession: Virginians Decide at the Library of Virginia
- History of Summers County
References edit
- ^ Catalogue of the Officers and Alumni of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, 1749-1888. J. Murphy & Company. 1888.
- ^ 1860 U.S. Federal Census for Kanawha County Virginia, family no. 2396; also shows Summers as owning $53,000 in real property and $20,000 in personal property, which could include slaves, particularly since his post office was the Kanawha salines and slaves were used to stoke the fires to evaporate the salt.
- ^ Cynthia Miller Leonard, Virginia's General Assembly 1619-1978 (Richmond: Virginia State Library pp. 356, 360, 372, 376
- ^ Leonard p. 442
- ^ Robert H. Ferguson, History of Mason County, West Virginia (Col. Charles Lewis Chapter N.S.D.A.R., Point Pleasant, West Virginia 1961), p. 149
- ^ Allan Nevins, The War for the Union, vol. 1, The Improvised War, 1861-1862 (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1959), p. 52 n. 30.
- ^ Eppa Hunton Autobiography p. 15, available at https://archive.org/stream/autobiographyofe00hunt/autobiographyofe00hunt_djvu.txt
- ^ Leonard p. 475 and note
- ^ Virginia Biographical Encyclopedia online at ancestry.com indicates that Summers signed the secession ordinance and supported the Confederate cause; however, the source is inaccurate in stating that he was born in Fayette county instead of Fairfax County, and also gives his middle name as Washington instead of William per findagrave; his gravestone uses only "w" per the photo and the online marriage certificate does not use a middle name nor initial