Summary
Guangfu is a town in Yongnian District, Handan, Hebei, China. It comprises the Guangfu Ancient City,[1] a AAAAA-rated tourist attraction that preserves the appearance of a Ming-era Chinese town through its architecture, large city walls, and expansive moat.
| Guangfu, Hebei | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Layout of the Guangfu Ancient City Scenic Area | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 廣府鎮 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 广府镇 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Town of the Expansive Prefecture | ||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 廣府古城 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 广府古城 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Ancient City of the Expansive Prefecture | ||||||||
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Names edit
| Former names | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Southern gate | |||||||||
| Guangping | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 廣平府 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 广平府 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Seat of Guangping Prefecture | ||||||||
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| Mingzhou | |||||||||
| Chinese | 洺州 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Seat of Ming Prefecture | ||||||||
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| Yongnian | |||||||||
| Chinese | 永年城 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Yongnian City | ||||||||
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"Guangfu" is an elision of the town's older name Guangpingfu,[3] referring to its former status as the seat of Guangping ("Expansively Pacified" or "Peaceful") Prefecture under the Ming.[4] The name was first borne by the town under the Han.[4]
By the Tang, it was known as Mingzhou[5] from its former prefecture, itself named after the nearby Ming River. It has also been known as Yongnian ("Longevity") from the name of its former county[6] and present district.
Geography edit
Guangfu is located in the middle of Yongnian Marsh[7] in the western reaches of Handan's Yongnian District.
History edit
The area around Guangfu has been typically marshy since the earliest historical records.[8] Guangfu itself was first settled during the Spring and Autumn Period around the 6th century BC.[9] It made up part of Jin during the Zhou, and part of Zhao during the Warring States Period.[4] Under the Qin, it was organized as part of Handan Commandery.[4]
During the fall of the Sui, it served as the capital of Dou Jiande's short-lived "Xia Principality"[7][10] after he captured it in AD 619.[11] At the time, the city lay on the principal road running from points south of the Yellow River northeast to Youzhou (now within Beijing) and Korea.[12] When Dou captured Li Shentong (李神通), the Prince of Huai'an, the Tang scion was held in Guangfu's prison.[13] When Dou was captured at the 621 Battle of Hulao, a few hundred of his cavalry escaped to his capital, looted its treasury, and then yielded the town to the victorious Tang.[14] After Dou was executed in Chang'an, his cavalry officer Liu Heita again rose in rebellion, defeating the Tang near Guangfu in late 621 with Turkic assistance. He then occupied the city and made it his capital,[15] proclaiming his realm the "Principality of Handong". Li Shimin—the future Emperor Taizong—defeated him by erecting a dam across the nearby Ming River and then bursting it when it was able to flood most of the Handong army.[16] Liu was able to return to the field with more Turkic help but again defeated. He was executed in Guangping's marketplace in the first month of 623.[17]
Guangfu's present city walls began as earthen ramparts during the Tang (7th–9th centuries) and were built up with masonry under the Yuan (13th–14th centuries) and Ming (14th–17th centuries).[18]
During the 19th century, under the Qing, it was the home to Yang Luchan and Wu Yuxiang, the founders of Yang and Wu-style tai chi, two of the largest schools of tai chi in the world.[7][1] Horace William Houlding's South Chihli Mission opened a Protestant church in the town in 1905.[19] It was overseen in its early years by Katharine Ewald.[20]
The 1.5 km2 (0.58 sq mi) historical area within the city walls[7] has been refurbished since China's opening up, with current construction mimicking the town's appearance under the Ming.[18] Yang and Wu's former homes have been converted into public museums honoring their lives and schools of tai chi.[7][1] The town was named a AAAAA tourist attraction by China's National Tourism Administration in 2017.[21]
In popular culture edit
The CCTV drama Guangfu Tai Chi (《广府太极传奇》, Guǎngfǔ Tàijí Chuánqí) was filmed on location in the city in 2007[22] and aired in 2010.[23]
See also edit
Notes edit
References edit
Citations edit
- ^ a b c Sapozhnikov, Rem (May 2014), "Guangfu Ancient Town", Tiwy.
- ^ De Sesmaisons (2014), p. 575.
- ^ "Guangping Fu", China Historical Geographic Information System, Cambridge & Shanghai: Harvard & Shanghai Universities, 2017.
- ^ a b c d Playfair (1879), p. 181.
- ^ "洺州", China Historical Geographic Information System, Cambridge & Shanghai: Harvard & Shanghai Universities, 2017.
- ^ "Yongnian Xian", China Historical Geographic Information System, Cambridge & Shanghai: Harvard & Shanghai Universities, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Liu Xiang (14 Aug 2012), "Guangfu: 2,600 Years Old, Birthplace of Tai Chi" (PDF), China Daily, Beijing: China Daily Information Co.
- ^ Andersson (1943), p. 40.
- ^ "Guangfu Ancient City", China: Beyond Your Imagination, China National Tourism Administration, archived from the original on 9 November 2017, retrieved 9 Nov 2017.
- ^ Fitzgerald (1933), p. 25.
- ^ Fitzgerald (1933), p. 70.
- ^ Fitzgerald (1933), p. 99.
- ^ Fitzgerald (1933), p. 97.
- ^ Fitzgerald (1933), p. 88–9.
- ^ Fitzgerald (1933), p. 98.
- ^ Fitzgerald (1933), p. 102.
- ^ Fitzgerald (1933), p. 105.
- ^ a b Xie Xiaoguang (8 Dec 2010), "Guangfu: An Ancient Town with New Life", English Service, Beijing: China Radio International, archived from the original on November 17, 2006.
- ^ Tiedemann (2009), p. 641.
- ^ D. & C. (1909), p. 994.
- ^ "5A级景区", Official site, Beijing: China National Tourism Administration, 7 Nov 2017, archived from the original on 2008-09-05, retrieved 2017-11-12. (in Chinese)
- ^ "《广府太极传奇》开机 曹荣教黄圣依玩太极拳", 新浪娱乐, Shanghai: Sina, 27 August 2007. (in Chinese)
- ^ "《广府太极传奇》登央视 黄圣依不知周星驰分手", 新浪娱乐, Shanghai: Sina, 23 July 2010. (in Chinese)
Bibliography edit
- The Directory & Chronicle..., Hong Kong: Hongkong Daily Press, 1909.
- Andersson, J.G. (1943), "Researches into the Prehistory of the Chinese", Bulletin, No. 15, Stockholm: Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, pp. 1 ff.
- De Sesmaisons, François (2014), "Cette Chine que J'Aime..." Jean de Guébriant, Missionaire Breton au Siècle des Missions, Saint-Denis: Publibook. (in French)
- Fitzgerald, Charles Patrick (1933), Son of Heaven: A Biography of Li Shih-Min, Founder of the T'ang Dynasty, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781001287973.
- Playfair, George Macdonald Home (1879), The Cities and Towns of China, Hong Kong: Noronha & Co.
- Tiedemann, Rolf Gerhard (2009), Reference Guide to Christian Missionary Societies in China from the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century, Abingdon: Routledge, ISBN 9781315497310.
External links edit
- GuangFutures by the University of Sheffield's School of Architecture
- Photographs of Guangfu Ancient City at Beautiful Places 4 You
36°42′07″N 114°43′24″E / 36.70194°N 114.72333°E