This is a list of extrasolar planets that have been directly observed, sorted by observed separations. This method works best for young planets that emit infrared light and are far from the glare of the star. Currently, this list includes both directly imaged planets and imaged planetary-mass companions (objects that orbit a star but formed through a binary-star-formation process, not a planet-formation process). This list does not include free-floating planetary-mass objects in star-forming regions or young associations, which are also referred to as rogue planets.
The data given for each planet is taken from the latest published paper on the planet to have that data. In many cases it is not possible to have an exact value, and an estimated range is instead provided. The lightest, coldest, and oldest planet directly imaged is Proxima Centauri c, which has seven times Earth's mass, an effective temperature of 39 K, and an age of about 4.8 Ga. This list includes the four members of the multi-planet system that orbit HR 8799.
Exoplanets have been discovered using several different methods for collecting or combining direct images to isolate planets from the background light of their star. Non-Redundant Aperture Masking Interferometry is a method of combining the views of multiple telescopes into a single image, while the other methods are algorithms for combining multiple direct images taken from the same telescope.
Although listed in the table below, the identities of Candidate 1 and FW Tau b are disputed. They may not actually be true exoplanets. † There is no consensus whether these companions of stars should be considered sub-brown dwarfs or planets Check https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/imaging.html to see more directly imaged planets. It contains an updated table of all of them.
Star | Exoplanet | Image | Mass (MJ) | Radius (RJ) | Period (yr) | Observed separation (AU) | Eccentricity | Distance to Earth (ly) | Year of discovery | Imaging technique | Ref(s). |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WISE J0336-0143 | WISE J0336-0143 B† | 4-12.5 | 5-9 | 0.97+0.05 −0.09 |
33 | 2023 | source substraction | [1] | |||
Alpha Centauri | Candidate 1 (?) | 0.11±0.05 | 0.459±0.17 | ~1 | 1.1 | 4.37 | 2021 | ||||
HD 206893 | HD 206893 c | 12.7+1.2 −1.0 |
1.46+0.18 −0.06 |
5.7 | 3.53+0.08 −0.06 |
0.41±0.03 | 133 | 2023 | interferometry | [2] | |
HD 206893 B† | 28.0+2.2 −2.1 |
1.25±0.02 | 26 | 9.6+0.4 −0.3 |
0.14±0.05 | 2017 | ADI, PCA | [3][2] | |||
AF Leporis | AF Lep b | 2-5.5 | 20.6 | 8 | 0.47 | 87 | 2023 | Direct imaging | [4][5][6] | ||
Beta Pictoris | Beta Pictoris b | 12.7±0.3 | 1.5±0.2 | 22.47+3.77 −2.26 |
9 | 0.08+0.09 −0.05 |
63.4±0.1 | 2008 | RSDI | [7][8][9][10] | |
51 Eridani | 51 Eridani b | 2.6 | 1.0 | ? | 13 | ? | 96 | 2014 | ADI, KLIP | [11] | |
HR 8799 | HR 8799 e | 7.0 | 1.3 | 49 | 14.5 | 0.14 | 128 | 2010 | ADI, LOCI | ||
HR 8799 d | 7.0 | 1.3 | 100 | 24.5 | 0.09 | 128 | 2008 | ADI, LOCI | |||
HR 8799 c | 7.0 | 1.3 | 189 | 37.4 | 0.24 | 128 | 2008 | ADI, LOCI | |||
HR 8799 b | 5.0 | 1.2 | 474 | 69.2 | 0.17 | 128 | 2008 | ADI, LOCI | |||
2M J044144 | 2M J044144 b† | 5–10 | 15 | 456 | 2010 | Direct imaging | |||||
29 Cygni | HIP 99770 b | 13.9-16.1 | 1.05 | 51.0 | 16.9 | 0.25 | 130.9 | 2022 | ALOCI | [12] | |
PDS 70 | PDS 70 b | ? | ? | 21 | 370 | 2018 | ADI, TLOCI | ||||
PDS 70 c | ? | ? | 35 | 370 | 2019 | SDI | |||||
HIP 81208 C | HIP 81208 Cb† | 14.8±0.4 | ~285 | 23 | 485 | 2023 | [13] | ||||
HD 169142 | HD 169142 b | 1-4 | 37.2 | 115 | 2019/2023 | pseudo-ADI, PDI, ASDI, ADI | [14][15] | ||||
2M1207 | 2M1207b † | 4.2 | 1.5 | 1620 | 40.6 | 0.37 | 170 | 2004 | Direct imaging | ||
59 Virginis | Gliese 504 b† | 4+4.5 −1 |
? | ? | 43.5 | ? | 57.27 | 2013 | ADI, LOCI | ||
Kappa Andromedae | Kappa Andromedae b | 13+12 −2 |
? | 242–900 | 55 | 0.69–0.85 | 168.0 | 2013 | ADI, LOCI | ||
HD 95086 | HD 95086 b | 5.0 | ? | ? | 56 | ? | 295 | 2013 | ADI, LOCI | ||
2MASS J01033563-5515561(AB) | 2MASS J0103 AB b† | 12-14 | 84 | 154 | 2013 | AO | [16] | ||||
HIP 65426 | HIP 65426 b | 6-12 | 1.5 | 600 | 92 | 363 | 2017 | ADI, TLOCI | [17][18] | ||
AB Aurigae | AB Aurigae b | 9-12 | 2.75 | ? | 93 | 0.19-0.60 | 508 | 2022 | ADI/RSDI, ALOCI | [19] | |
VHS 1256-1257 | VHS 1256 b † | 11.2 | 3900 | 102 | 40 | 2015 | Direct imaging | ||||
YSES 2 | YSES 2 b | 6.3+1.6 −0.9 |
115 | 359 | 2021 | reference star image substraction | [20] | ||||
2MASS J04372171+2651014 | 2M0437 b | 3-5 | 118 | 418 | 2021 | AO | [21] | ||||
ROXs 42B | ROXs 42Bb | 9±3 | 2.5 | 1968.3 | 157 | Unknown | 440±16 | 2013 | Direct imaging | [22] | |
TYC 8998-760-1 | TYC 8998-760-1 b † | 14±3 | 160 | 309 | 2020 | imaging + coronagraph | [23] | ||||
TYC 8998-760-1 c | 6±1 | 320 | 2020 | [24] | |||||||
2MASS J22362452+4751425 | 2M2236+4751 b† | 11-14 | 230 | 205 | 2017 | AO | [25] | ||||
AB Pictoris | AB Pictoris b† | 10-14 | 260 | 164 | 2005 | imaging+ coronagraph | [26][27] | ||||
GSC 6214-00210 | GSC 6214-00210 b† | 14 ± 2 | 320 | 355 | 2008 | [28] | |||||
FW Tauri | FW Tauri b† | 10±4
or star[29] |
? | ~12,000[30] | 330 | ? | 472.93[31] | 2013 | Direct imaging | [32][33] | |
DH Tauri | DH Tauri b† | 11±3 | 2.7±0.8 | 330 | 441 | 2005/2014 | Coronagraph, AO | [34][35] | |||
1RXS J1609 | 1RXS 1609 b† | 8–14 | 1.7 | 6518 | 331.1 | 0.08 | 470 | 2008/2010 | Direct imaging | ||
HD 203030 | HD 203030 B | 11+4 −3 |
487 | 128 | 2006 | SDI | [36] | ||||
b Centauri | b Centauri b | 10.9±1.6 | 556 | 330 | 2021 | coronagraph+ classical angular differential imaging | [37] | ||||
HD 106906 | HD 106906 b† | 11±2 | ? | ? | 650 | ? | 300 | 2013 | ADI | ||
SR 12 | SR 12(AB) c† | 11 | 980 | 337 | 2011 | [38] | |||||
DT Virginis | Ross 458(AB) c† | 8.5 | 1.8 | 33,081 | 1167.7 | 0.17 | 38[39] | 2011 | Direct imaging | ||
BD+60 1417 | BD+60 1417b† | 15±5 | 1.31±0.06 | 1662 | 144±13 | 2021 | Direct imaging | [40] | |||
2MASS J0249-0557AB | 2MASS J0249-0557c† | 11.6+1.3 −1.0 |
1950 | 159 | 2018 | Direct imaging | [41] | ||||
GU Piscium | GU Piscium b† | 11±2 | 163,000 | 2000 | 155 | 2014 | Direct imaging | ||||
WD 0806-661 | WD 0806-661 B† | 7–9 | ? | ? | 2500 | ? | 62 | 2011 | Direct imaging | ||
L 34-26 | COCONUTS-2b† | 6.3+1.5 −1.9 |
1.1±0.03 | ~1,100,000 | 6471 | 35.51±0.01 | 2021/2011 | Direct imaging | [42] | ||
TYC 9486-927-1 | 2MASS J2126–8140 | 13.3±1.7 | ? | ~900,000 | 6684 | ? | 80.72±13.86 | 2016/2006 | Direct imaging | [43] |