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List of freshwater ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean

Summary

This is a list of freshwater ecoregions in Latin America and the Caribbean, as identified by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).

The WWF divides the Earth's land surface into ecoregions, defined as "large area[s] of land or water containing a distinct assemblage of natural communities and species". Ecoregions are grouped into complexes and bioregions, defined as, "a complex of ecoregions that share a similar biogeographic history, and thus often have strong affinities at higher taxonomic levels (e.g. genera, families)." The Earth's land surface is divided into eight biogeographic realms. Latin America corresponds, roughly, to the Neotropical realm, although northern Mexico lies within the Nearctic.

Each ecoregion is also classified into major habitat types, or biomes.

Many consider this classification to be quite decisive, and some propose these as stable borders for bioregional democracy initiatives.

By complex edit

Baja California Complex edit

Colorado River Complex edit

Sinaloan Coastal Complex edit

  • Sinaloan Coastal (Mexico)

Rio Bravo Complex edit

Lerma/Santiago Complex edit

  • Santiago (Mexico)
  • Chapala (Mexico)
  • Lerma (Mexico)
  • Rio Verde Headwaters (Mexico)
  • Manantlan/Ameca (Mexico)

Rio Panuco Complex edit

Balsas Complex edit

Pacific Central Complex edit

Atlantic Central Complex edit

  • Southern Veracruz (Mexico)
  • Belizean Lowlands (Belize, Guatemala, Mexico)
  • Central American Caribbean Lowlands (Honduras, Nicaragua)
  • Talamancan Highlands (Costa Rica, Panama)
  • Catemaco (Mexico)
  • Coatzacoalcos (Mexico)
  • Grijalva-Usumacinta (Guatemala, Mexico)
  • Yucatán (Mexico)
  • Guatemalan Highlands (Guatemala)
  • Central American Karst Highlands (Belize, Guatemala)
  • Honduran/Nicaraguan Highlands (Honduras, Nicaragua)
  • Lake Nicaragua (Costa Rica, Nicaragua)

Isthmus Atlantic Complex edit

  • Isthmus Atlantic (Panama)

Isthmus Pacific Complex edit

  • Isthmus Pacific (Costa Rica, Panama)

Bahama Archipelago Complex edit

Western Insular Caribbean Complex edit

Eastern Insular Caribbean Complex edit

Choco Complex edit

South American Caribbean Complex edit

High Andean Complex edit

  • Páramos (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela)
  • Peru High Andean Complex (Bolivia, Peru)
  • Bolivian High Andean Complex (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile)
  • Arid Puna (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru)
  • Subandean Pampas (Argentina, Bolivia)
  • South Andean Yungas (Argentina, Bolivia)

Inter-Andean Dry Valleys Complex edit

North Andean Montane Complex edit

  • North Andean Montane (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela)
  • Humid Andean Yungas (Bolivia, Peru)
  • Chuquisaca and Tarija Yungas (Bolivia)
  • Salta and Tucuman Yungas (Argentina)
  • Sierra de Córdoba (Argentina)

Puyango-Tumbes Complex edit

  • Puyango-Tumbes (Ecuador, Peru)

Atacama/Sechura Complex edit

  • Atacama/Sechura Deserts (Chile, Peru)

Pacific Coastal Desert Complex edit

  • Pacific Coastal Deserts (Peru, Chile)

Lake Titicaca/Poopo Complex edit

Galápagos Complex edit

Mediterranean Chile Complex edit

  • North Mediterranean Chile (Chile)
  • South Mediterranean Chile (Chile)

Juan Fernández Islands Complex edit

Southern Chile Complex edit

Subantarctic Complex edit

Venezuelan Coast/Trinidad Complex edit

Llanos Complex edit

Guiana/Orinoco Complex edit

Amazon Complex edit

  • Amazon Delta (Brazil)
  • Amazon Main Channel (Brazil, Peru)
  • Northern Amazon Shield Tributaries (Brazil)
  • Rio Negro (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
  • Upper Amazon Piedmont (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
  • Western Amazon Lowlands (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
  • Central Brazilian Shield Tributaries (Bolivia, Brazil)
  • Tocantins-Araguaia (Brazil)

Northeast Atlantic Complex edit

Mata-Atlantica Complex edit

  • Northeast Mata-Atlantica (Brazil)
  • East Mata-Atlantica (Brazil)
  • Southeast Mata-Atlantica (Brazil)

São Francisco Complex edit

Upper Parana Complex edit

  • Upper Parana (Brazil)

Beni Complex edit

Paraguay-Parana Complex edit

Southern Atlantic Complex edit

  • Jacui Highlands (Brazil, Uruguay)
  • Lagoa dos Patos Coastal Plain (Brazil, Uruguay)

Chaco Complex edit

  • Chaco (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay)

Pampas Complex edit

  • Parana-Platense Basin (Argentina)
  • Rio Salado and Arroyo Vallimanca Basin (Argentina)
  • Northwest Pampas Basins (Argentina)
  • Pampas Coastal Plains (Argentina)
  • Southwest Pampas Basins (Argentina)

Patagonia Complex edit

  • Rio Colorado (Argentina)
  • Rio Limay-Neuquen-Rio Negro (Argentina)
  • Meseta Somuncura (Argentina)
  • Rio Chubut-Rio Chico (Argentina)
  • Rio Deseado (Argentina)
  • Rio Santa Cruz-Rio Chico (Argentina)
  • Rio Coyle (Argentina)
  • Rio Gallegos (Argentina)
  • Tierra del Fuego-Rio Grande (Argentina, Chile)

By major habitat type edit

Large rivers edit

  • Amazon Main Channel (Brazil, Peru)
  • Río Bravo (Mexico, United States)
  • Central Brazilian Shield Tributaries (Bolivia, Brazil)
  • Eastern Morichal (Venezuela)
  • Guiana Watershed (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
  • Lower Rio Bravo (Mexico)
  • Rio Negro (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
  • Northern Amazon Shield Tributaries (Brazil)
  • Upper Parana (Brazil)
  • Lower Parana (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay)
  • Tocantins-Araguaia (Brazil)
  • Southern Orinoco (Venezuela)
  • Upper Amazon Piedmont (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
  • Western Amazon Lowlands (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)

Large river deltas edit

Montane rivers and streams edit

Wet-Region rivers and streams edit

Xeric-Region rivers and streams edit

Xeric-Region endorheic (closed) basins edit

Flooded grasslands and savannas edit

Cold streams, bogs, swamps, and mires edit

Large lakes edit

References edit

  • Olson, D., Dinerstein, E., Canevari, P., Davidson, I., Castro, G., Morisset, V., Abell, R., and Toledo, E.; eds. (1998). Freshwater biodiversity of Latin America and the Caribbean: A conservation assessment. Biodiversity Support Program, Washington, D.C..

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