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List of pusher aircraft by configuration and date

Summary

A pusher aircraft is a type of aircraft using propellers placed behind the engines.
Pushers may be classified according to lifting surfaces layout (conventional or 3 surface, canard, joined wing, tailless and rotorcraft) as well as engine/propeller location and drive. For historical interest, pusher aircraft are also classified by date.
Some aircraft have a Push-pull configuration with both tractor and pusher engines. The list includes these even if the pusher engine is just added to a conventional layout (engines inside the wings or above the wing for example).

Conventional and three surface layouts edit

The conventional layout of an aircraft has wings ahead of the empennage.

Direct drive edit

Propeller ahead of tail edit

Between frames (Farman layout) edit
 
Top to bottom: 1870 helicopter;
1871 'Planophore;
1873 ornithopter
 
Wright Flyer 1903 pusher
 
Wright, Curtiss and Farman pushers
 
Voisin-Farman 1908
 
Curtiss n°2 (1909
 
Bristol Boxkite (1910)
 
Wright Model B (1910)
 
Curtiss Model E (1911)
 
Curtiss Model F (1912)
 
Voisin III (1914)
 
Airco DH.2 (1915)
 
Vickers FB.5 (1915)
 
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2] (1915)
 
Grigorovitch M-9 (1916)
 
FBA Type H (1916)
 
Voisin VIII (1916)
 
Macchi M.5 (1917)
 
Supermarine Walrus flying boat (1933)
 
Bereiev MBR-2 (1935)
 
Dornier Do 18 (1935)
 
De Schelde S.21 drawings (1939)
 
SAAB J 21 fighter (1943).
 
Experimental fighter Curtiss-Wright XP-55 Ascender (1943)
 
Kyushu J7W Shinden (1945)
 
Republic RC-3 Seabee with gear retracted (1945)
 
Fokker F.25 (1946)
 
Experimental flying wing bomber Northrop XB-35 (1946)
 
Convair B-36 Peacemaker (1946)
 
Alaparma Baldo (1949)
 
Lake Buccaneer (1950)
 
SIAI Marchetti FN 333 Riviera (1952)
 
Piaggio P.166 (1957)
 
Raab Krähe (1958)
 
Cessna 337 Skymaster (1962)
 
Lesher teal (1965)
 
Bede BD-5 (1971)
 
Lockspeiser LDA-1 (1971)
 
Rutan VariEze 1975
 
Cascade Kasperwing I-80 1976
 
Rutan Long-EZ pusher configuration homebuilt aircraft.
 
PZL M-17 (1977)
 
RFB X-114 (1977)
 
Edgley Optica (1979)
 
Quad City Challenger – a mid-engined pusher ultralight aircraft
 
Grinvalds Orion (1981)
 
LearAvia Lear Fan (1981)
 
Sadler Vampire (1982)
 
Beechcraft Starship (1983)
 
Spectrum SA-550 (1983)
 
Dornier Seastar (1984)
 
RTAF-5 (1984)
 
Prescott Pusher (1985)
 
Piaggio P.180 Avanti (1986)
 
Airkraft Sunny joined wing 1989
 
Miller-Bohannan JM-2 Special 1989
 
Seabird seeker (1989)
 
Rans S12 1990
 
Embraer-FMA CBA-123 Vector
 
UAV SAGEM Sperwer B (1990s)
 
Aeroprakt A-20 Vista (1991
 
NPO Molniya (1993)
 
Creative Flight Aerocat (2001)
 
UCAV General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper (2001)
 
NAL Saras (2004)
 
LH Aviation LH-10 Ellipse (2008)
 
Aeroprakt A-36 (2011)
 
AHRLAC (2014)
Between frames or booms (1915 and later) edit
Between booms edit

1945 and later

1980 and later

Between booms / UAV's edit
Between outboard tail booms edit
  • Blohm & Voss P208 1944 fighter project [14]
  • Skoda-Kauba SK SL6 1944 research one seat project
Coaxially in rear fuselage edit
Nacelle above fuselage edit

WW1 or Before

1920s

1930s

Post War II

Below tail boom edit
Between up and down tail booms edit
Above tailboom edit

Propeller behind the tail edit

  • Pénaud Planophore 1871 first aerodynamically stable fixed-wing aeroplane, rubber powered model, 1 built
  • Convair 111 Air Car 1945 roadable airplane, 1 built
  • Prescott Pusher 1985 4 seat homebuilt, about 30 built
  • Air Quest Nova 21 1992 2 seat homebuilt, unk no. built[27]
  • Eviation Alice 2019 transport electric plane prototype in development 10/11 seats [28][29]

Lateral behind wing edit

1930 and later

Lateral nacelles edit

Remote drive edit

Propeller ahead of tail edit

Within airframe edit
  • Megone biplane 1913 2 seat, 1 built[32]
  • Fischer Fibo-2a 1954 1 seat motorglider, 1 built[33]
  • Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 Multoplan 1955 RFB Fantrainer prototype, 27 built[34]
  • Kuffner WK-1 1970 motorglider 1 seat, 1 built[35]
  • Rhein-Flugzeugbau Sirius II 1972 2 seat motorglider, unk no. built[15]
  • Neukom AN-20C 1983 1 seat ultralight homebuilt motorglider, 1 built
  • PJ-II Dreamer 2016 jet fighter style 2 seater, 1 built [36]
Behind wing edit

Inside tail edit

Behind tail edit

1960 and later

Propeller above fuselage or wing edit

  • Schleicher ASH 26 1995 1 seat glider with retractable propeller, 234 built
  • Airfish-3 WIG 1990 Wing In Ground Effect demonstrator one seat, 1 built
  • Airfish-8 WIG 2007 Wing In Ground Effect transport prototype 8/10 seats, 2 built

Canard and tandem layouts edit

A canard is an aircraft with a smaller wing ahead of the main wing. A tandem layout has both front and rear wings of similar dimensions.

Direct drive edit

1945 and later In this section Rutan pushers are more than 1000 built.

Remote engine mounting edit

Joined wings edit

A tandem (or three-surface) configuration whose wingtips are joined is a Closed wing.

Tailless aircraft, Flying wings edit

Tailless aircraft edit

Tailless aircraft lack a horizontal stabilizer.

Tailless, fabric wing, no fuselage edit

Flying wings edit

Flying wings lack a distinct fuselage, with crew, engines, and payload contained within the wing structure.

Push-pull aircraft edit

Sides of fuselage edit

Above fuselage edit

Extremities edit

On nose and between booms edit

On wings and between booms edit

Rotorcraft edit

See also edit

Bibliography edit

  • Extension-Shaft Pusher Type Aircraft, Sport aviation[81]

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ the propeller revolves on the upper boom
  2. ^ the propeller revolves on the upper boom
  3. ^ see Ambrosini SS.4#Development
  4. ^ Extension shaft on aft engine. The tractor engine only used during take-off, climb and some part of the course. It was actually used to cope with aft engine trouble

Citations edit

  1. ^ French Voisin III bomber
  2. ^ Ord-Hume, Arthur (August 1975). "(article)". Aeroplane Monthly. pp. 415–419.
  3. ^ "English: Alliet-Larivière Allar 4 3-view drawing from l'Aerophile February 1938". February 1938.
  4. ^ Les étranges créations d'Otto Skauba, Le Fanatique de l'Aviation, pages 14 & 22, July 1992
  5. ^ Baby twin-boomer, Sport Aviation, May 1988
  6. ^ Aircraft N455CB, ACAPELLA
  7. ^ Air-Britain:Aero Dynamics Sparrow Hawk Mk.II
  8. ^ Photos & History: HFL Flugzeugbau Stratos 300
  9. ^ "'Dingo' amphibian by NPP "AeroRIK"".
  10. ^ Le Toucan de Jose Pocino, Experimental n°53, septembre 2000
  11. ^ AOPA https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2016/january/21/innovator-makes-maiden-flight
  12. ^ Kitplanes https://www.kitplanes.com/commuter-craft-innovator-aircraft-goes-alpha-in-2016/
  13. ^ Yvan Shaw 180 Seeker
  14. ^ Analysis of a semi-tailless aircraft design, https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a402729.pdf
  15. ^ a b RFB Rhein Flugzeugbau
  16. ^ Propeller spins with motor around tail boom
  17. ^ http://1000aircraftphotos.com/Contributions/4043.htm Boeing Canada A-213 Totem
  18. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: SKY ARROW 450T Maiden flight 13.07.1992 ore 18:28 (GMT +2), Stimigliano (RM). YouTube.
  19. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: SKY ARROW 450T Maiden flight 13.07.1992 ore 18:28 (GMT +2), Stimigliano (RM). YouTube.
  20. ^ a b Janowski Aircraft
  21. ^ Gallager, Sheldon M.; Levy, Howard (January 1980). "7 exciting new sports planes you can build". Popular Mechanics. p. 124. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  22. ^ "CAEA : Aerostructure LUTIN 80". Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
  23. ^ "Fk History". Archived from the original on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
  24. ^ Technoflug Piccolo GOQ
  25. ^ "ООО Аэропракт". Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2020-02-16.
  26. ^ "Aviasud Industries AE-209 Albatross / Micronef ULM Albatros".
  27. ^ Air Quest Nova 21
  28. ^ https://www.israelhayom.com/2019/06/23/israel-presents-first-electric-powered-passenger-plane/ [bare URL]
  29. ^ "Cape Air to lead the charge on all-electric air travel". 21 June 2019.
  30. ^ Google search
  31. ^ CBA 123 Vector photos on Airliners.net
  32. ^ Megone biplane
  33. ^ J2mcL Planeurs - Fiche planeur n° 3047
  34. ^ Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 - Sportflugzeug
  35. ^ The prop revolves on the tail boom https://www.j2mcl-planeurs.net/dbj2mcl/planeurs-machines/planeur-fiche_0int.php?code=4064
  36. ^ "PJ-II "Dreamer- Ducted fan Jet "Replica"". Archived from the original on 2020-02-23. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
  37. ^ Airliners.net
  38. ^ "L'Aérophile". January 1907.
  39. ^ Paulhan, Tatin Aero-Torpille
  40. ^ "Les avions de chasse russes et soviétiques 1915-1950", Herbert Léonard, Editions Heimdal 1995, page 31
  41. ^ "The Brothers Kasianenko"
  42. ^ "The history of Russian aviation. Kasyanenko No.5 (KPI-5) | Encyclopedia of safety".
  43. ^ Flight 1941, [page needed]
  44. ^ http://www.aerofiles.com/lock-dipper.jpg [bare URL image file]
  45. ^ "Magical Journal » Blog Archive » Allenbaugh : #66 : Grey Ghost".
  46. ^ "Parks Alumni Racebuilders PAR Special".
  47. ^ "Pützer Bussard".
  48. ^ a b FLYING MACHINES - Langley Aerodrome No. 5
  49. ^ Aerocar mini-IMP
  50. ^ Flashback to 1981: A Look Back at the Lear Fan | Flying Magazine
  51. ^ Miller-Bohannon JM-2 Pushy Galore
  52. ^ "AST MYASISHCHEV YAMAL amphibian mockup". 2015-11-12.
  53. ^ "Aviaspetstrans Yamal amphibian". 18 July 2009.
  54. ^ VmaxProbe
  55. ^ Info Pilote n° 701 aout 2014
  56. ^ Les étranges créations d'Otto Skauba, Le Fanatique de l'Aviation, pages 14 à 22, juillet 1992
  57. ^ "Home". rmtaviation.com.
  58. ^ "Deperdussin-de Feure Model 2". 2015-12-18.
  59. ^ "De Bruyere C1".
  60. ^ Alternative Engines, Volume1, Mick Myal
  61. ^ E-Racer in Stargazer database Archived 2011-08-10 at the Wayback Machine
  62. ^ Interavia jan 1988
  63. ^ Julian Wolkovitch AC A Industries, Inc., "The Joined Wing: An Overview" (PDF), Journal of Aircraft: 176–177 [permanent dead link]
  64. ^ Ligeti Stratos History (archived)
  65. ^ "New Triangle Plane Is Tailless", December 1931, Popular Science article and photo of Delta I at bottom of page 65
  66. ^ Bridgman, Leonard (1952). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1948. London: Sampson, Low, Marston and Co. Ltd. p. 159c-160c.
  67. ^ Rohr 2-175
  68. ^ "Image from nuricom.de". Archived from the original on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
  69. ^ Scott Winton
  70. ^ "Articles on Wingco".
  71. ^ "Home". 7 February 2019.
  72. ^ Horten Nurflugels
  73. ^ "Popular Mechanics". Hearst Magazines. January 1987.
  74. ^ "DavisWing".
  75. ^ "PUL-10".
  76. ^ Giorgio Bignozzi e Roberto Gentilli, AEROPLANI S.I.A.I. 1915-1935" - Edizioni Aeronautiche Italiane S.r.l.
  77. ^ url=http://www.histaviation.com/Dornier_Do_S.html accessdate=Feb 2016
  78. ^ url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_sik.html accessdate=Feb 2016
  79. ^ Star Kraft SK-700
  80. ^ "Moskalev SAM-13 : Other". 13 July 2005.
  81. ^ "Extension-Shaft Pusher Type Aircraft".

Bibliography edit

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