Methylammonium_halide Knowpia

Methylammonium halides are organic halides with a formula of [CH₃NH₃]⁺X⁻, where X is F for methylammonium fluoride, Cl for methylammonium chloride, Br for methylammonium bromide, or I for methylammonium iodide. Generally they are white or light colored powders.

Applications edit

[CH₃NH₃]I powder

These salts are components of perovskite solar cells, which are being evaluated for commercialization.^[1] The iodide is the most commonly used. Magneto-optical data storage concepts are also being testing based on various ammonium halides.^[2]

Production edit

These compounds are usually prepared by combining equimolar amounts of methylamine with the appropriate halide acid. For instance methylammonium iodide is prepared by combining methylamine and hydrogen iodide at 0 °C for 120 minutes followed by evaporation at 60 °C, yielding crystals of methylammonium iodide.^[3]

CH₃NH₂ + HI → [CH₃NH₃]I

Crystallography edit

These compounds' crystallography has been the subject of much investigation. J.S. Hendricks published an early paper on them in 1928.^[4] Methylammonium chloride was investigated again in 1946^[5] and methylammonium bromide in 1961.^[6]

References edit

^ Li, Hangqian. (2016). "A modified sequential deposition method for fabrication of perovskite solar cells". Solar Energy. 126: 243–251. Bibcode:2016SoEn..126..243L. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.045.
^ Náfrádi, Bálint (24 November 2016). "Optically switched magnetism in photovoltaic perovskite CH3NH3(Mn:Pb)I3". Nature Communications. 7: 13406. arXiv:1611.08205. Bibcode:2016NatCo...713406N. doi:10.1038/ncomms13406. PMC 5123013. PMID 27882917.
^ Qiu, Jianhang; Qiu, Yongcai; Yan, Keyou; Zhong, Min; Mu, Cheng; Yan, He; Yang, Shihe (2013), "All-solid-state hybrid solar cells based on a new organometal halide perovskite sensitizer and one-dimensional TiO₂ nanowire arrays", Nanoscale, 5 (8): 3245–3248, Bibcode:2013Nanos...5.3245Q, doi:10.1039/C3NR00218G, PMID 23508213
^ Hendricks, J.S. (1928), "The crystal structures of the monomethyl ammonium halides", Z. Kristallogr., 67 (1): 106–118, doi:10.1524/zkri.1928.67.1.106, S2CID 101288454
^ Hughes, Edward W.; Lipscomb, William N. (1946), "The Crystal Structure of Methylammonium Chloride", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68 (10): 1970–1975, doi:10.1021/ja01214a029
^ Gabe, E.J. (1961), "The crystal structure of methylammonium bromide", Acta Crystallogr., 14 (12): 1296, doi:10.1107/S0365110X6100382X

[1] Li, Hangqian. (2016). "A modified sequential deposition method for fabrication of perovskite solar cells". Solar Energy. 126: 243–251. Bibcode:2016SoEn..126..243L. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.045.

[Nafradi2016-2] Náfrádi, Bálint (24 November 2016). "Optically switched magnetism in photovoltaic perovskite CH3NH3(Mn:Pb)I3". Nature Communications. 7: 13406. arXiv:1611.08205. Bibcode:2016NatCo...713406N. doi:10.1038/ncomms13406. PMC 5123013. PMID 27882917.

[3] Qiu, Jianhang; Qiu, Yongcai; Yan, Keyou; Zhong, Min; Mu, Cheng; Yan, He; Yang, Shihe (2013), "All-solid-state hybrid solar cells based on a new organometal halide perovskite sensitizer and one-dimensional TiO₂ nanowire arrays", Nanoscale, 5 (8): 3245–3248, Bibcode:2013Nanos...5.3245Q, doi:10.1039/C3NR00218G, PMID 23508213

[4] Hendricks, J.S. (1928), "The crystal structures of the monomethyl ammonium halides", Z. Kristallogr., 67 (1): 106–118, doi:10.1524/zkri.1928.67.1.106, S2CID 101288454

[5] Hughes, Edward W.; Lipscomb, William N. (1946), "The Crystal Structure of Methylammonium Chloride", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68 (10): 1970–1975, doi:10.1021/ja01214a029

[6] Gabe, E.J. (1961), "The crystal structure of methylammonium bromide", Acta Crystallogr., 14 (12): 1296, doi:10.1107/S0365110X6100382X

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Summary

Applications edit

Production edit

Crystallography edit

See also edit

References edit