Kellogg was born in Elizabethtown, New York and Kellogg pursued an academic course. He engaged in the carpentry trade in his early youth. He went on to study law, was admitted to the bar in 1838, and commenced practice in Elizabethtown. He served as surrogate of Essex County 1840–1844.

Kellogg was elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1848. He resumed the practice of his profession in Elizabethtown, New York. He served as a delegate to the 1860 Republican National Convention.

Kellogg was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1863, until his death in Elizabethtown, New York, August 24, 1865. He was interred in Riverside Cemetery.

State Senator Rowland C. Kellogg (1843–1911) was his son.

• List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)

• United States Congress. "Orlando Kellogg (id: K000066)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2009-5-13

• "Orlando Kellogg". Find a Grave. Retrieved 2009-05-13.

  This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress