1985_in_spaceflight Knowpia

1985 in spaceflight
National firsts
Space traveller	Mexico; Saudi Arabia
Rockets
Maiden flights	Space Shuttle Atlantis ; M-3SII
Crewed flights
Orbital	11
Total travellers	63
	v; t; e;

The following is an outline of 1985 in spaceflight.

First Atlantis flight edit

Atlantis in orbit in 2010, during STS-132

Space Shuttle Atlantis (Orbiter Vehicle designation: OV‑104) is a retired Space Shuttle orbiter vehicle which belongs to NASA, the spaceflight and space exploration agency of the United States.^[1] Atlantis was manufactured by the Rockwell International company in Southern California and was delivered to the Kennedy Space Center in Eastern Florida in April 1985. Atlantis is also the fourth operational and the second-to-last Space Shuttle built.^[2]^[3] Its maiden flight was STS-51-J made from October 3 to 7, 1985.

Launches edit

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Feb
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May
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Dec →


Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Flight number	Launch site		LSP
		Payload (⚀ = CubeSat)	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
		Remarks
January edit
24 January 19:50	Space Shuttle Discovery			Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance

		STS-51-C	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	27 January 21:23	Successful
		USA-8 (Magnum 1)	NRO	Geosynchronous	ELINT	In orbit	Successful
		Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts
February edit
8 February 06:10	Titan 34B			Vandenberg SLC-4W

		USA-9 (SDS)	US Air force	Molniya	Communications	In orbit	Successful
8 February 23:22	Ariane 3			Kourou ELA		Arianespace

		Arabsat-1A	Arabsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Brasilsat-A1	Embratel	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Arabsat 1A failed in March 1992
March edit
13 March 02:00	Atlas E/OIS			Vandenberg SLC-3W

		Geosat	US Navy	Sun-synchronous	Earth observation	In orbit	Successful
		Mission ended in January 1990
22 March 23:55	Atlas G			Cape Canaveral LC-36B

		Intelsat 510	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
April edit
12 April 13:59	Space Shuttle Discovery			Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance

		STS-51-D	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	19 April 13:54	Successful
		Anik C1	Telesat Canada	Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Leasat 3	US Navy	Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first sitting member of the United States Congress to fly in space (Senator Jake Garn). Anik C1 was retired on 5 May 2003. Leasat 3 failed to maneuver to geosynchronous orbit and was re-captured by mission STS-51-I in August, repaired and subsequently maneuvered to geosynchronous orbit. Discovery suffered extensive brake and tyre damage upon landing at Kennedy Space Center.
29 April 16:02	Space Shuttle Challenger			Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance

		STS-51-B	NASA	Low Earth	Microgravity research	6 May 16:11	Successful
		Spacelab Long Module 1	NASA/ESRO	Low Earth (Challenger)	Microgravity research		Successful
		GLOMAR		Intended: Low Earth	Getaway Special		Deployment failure
		NUSAT		Low Earth	Getaway Special	15 December	Successful
		Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts; GLOMAR failed to deploy from its GAS canister
May edit
8 May 01:15	Ariane 3			Kourou ELA		Arianespace

		GStar 1	GTE Spacenet	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Telecom 1B	France Télécom	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
June edit
6 June 06:39	Soyuz-U2			Baikonur Site 1/5

		Soyuz T-13		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Salyut 7 EO-4	26 September 09:51	Successful
		Crewed orbital flight with two cosmonauts
17 June 11:33	Space Shuttle Discovery			Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance

		STS-51-G	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	24 June 13:11	Successful
		Morelos 1	Morelos	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Arabsat-1B	Arabsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Telstar 303	AT&T	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Spartan 101	NASA	Low Earth	Astronomy	24 June 13:11	Successful
		Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Saudi Arabian space traveller and member of royalty to fly in space (Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud) Arabsat 1B retired in 1993.
21 June 00:39	Soyuz-U			Baikonur Site 1/5

		Progress 24		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Logistics	15 July 22:33	Successful
30 June 00:44	Atlas G			Cape Canaveral LC-36B

		Intelsat 511	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
July edit
2 July 11:23	Ariane 1			Kourou ELA		Arianespace

		Giotto	ESA	Heliocentric	Flyby of Halley's Comet	In orbit	Successful
		Closest approach of Halley's Comet (596 kilometres (370 mi)) achieved on 13 March 1986 Closest approach of 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup (200 kilometres (120 mi)) achieved on 10 July 1992
19 July 13:05	Soyuz-U			Baikonur Site 1/5

		Kosmos 1669 (Progress)		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Logistics	30 August 01:20	Successful
29 July 21:00	Space Shuttle Challenger			Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance

		STS-51-F	NASA	Low Earth	Astronomical experiments	6 August 19:45	Successful
		PDP	NASA	Low Earth	Plasma research		Successful
		Spacelab 2 (three pallets)	NASA/ESRO	Low Earth (Challenger)	Astronomy		Successful
		Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts; A main engine shut-down during ascent caused an Abort to Orbit, the first (and only) abort of the Space Shuttle program.
August edit
27 August 10:58	Space Shuttle Discovery			Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance

		STS-51-I	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment and repair	3 September 13:15	Successful
		Aussat 1	Aussat Pty Ltd	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		ASC-1	ASC	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Leasat 4	US Navy	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft failure
		Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts Leasat 4 failed in orbit after becoming operational for a short period Retrieved Leasat 3, deployed by STS-51-D in April and repaired the malfunctioning perigee motor to allow the satellite to reach geosynchronous orbit.
28 August 21:20	Titan 34D			Vandenberg SLC-4E

		KH-11-7	NRO	Intended: Sun-synchronous	Reconnaissance	28 August	Launch Failure
		First stage propellant feed malfunction
September edit
12 September 23:26	Ariane 3			Kourou ELA		Arianespace

		Eutelsat 1F3	Eutelsat	Intended: Geosynchronous	Communications	12 September	Launch Failure
		Spacenet F3	Spacenet	Intended: Geosynchronous	Communications	12 September	Launch Failure
		Third stage failed to ignite
13 September	ASM-135 ASAT			Celestial Eagle, Vandenberg		US Air Force

			US Air Force	Suborbital	Anti-satellite weapon	13 September	Successful
		Successful intercept and destruction of Solwind P78-1.
17 September 12:38	Soyuz-U2			Baikonur Site 1/5

		Soyuz T-14		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Salyut 7 EP-5	21 November 10:31	Successful
		Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts
27 September 08:41	Proton-K			Baikonur Site 200/39

		Kosmos 1686 (TKS)		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Logistics	7 February 1991	Successful
		TKS-4; remained docked with Salyut 7 through that station's re-entry
28 September 23:17	Atlas G			Cape Canaveral LC-36B

		Intelsat 512	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
October edit
3 October 15:15	Space Shuttle Atlantis			Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance

		STS-51-J	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	7 October 17:00	Successful
		USA-11 (DSCS-III)	US Air Force	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		USA-12 (DSCS-III)	US Air Force	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts; Maiden flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis
9 October 02:53	Atlas E/SGS-2			Vandenberg SLC-3W

		USA-10 (GPS-11)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
30 October 17:00	Space Shuttle Challenger			Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance

		STS-61-A	NASA	Low Earth	Microgravity research	6 November 17:44	Successful
		Spacelab Long Module 2	NASA	Low Earth (Challenger)	Spacelab D1	6 November 17:44	Successful
		GLOMAR	DLR	Low Earth	Getaway Special	26 December 1986	Successful
		Crewed orbital flight with eight astronauts Maiden flight of Spacelab Long Module #2
November edit
27 November 00:29	Space Shuttle Atlantis			Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance

		STS-61-B	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	2 December 21:33	Successful
		Morelos 2	Morelos	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Aussat A2	Aussat Pty Ltd	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		Satcom K2	RCA Americom	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		OEX Target	NASA	Low Earth		2 March 1987	Successful
		EASE/ACCESS	NASA	Low Earth (Atlantis)	Structure assembly experiment	2 December 21:33	Successful
		Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Mexican space traveller.

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Nov
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Deep Space Rendezvous edit

Date (GMT)	Spacecraft	Event
11 June	Vega 1	delivered lander and balloon on Venus
15 June	Vega 2	delivered lander and balloon on Venus
11 September	ISEE-3/ICE	Flyby of 21P/Giacobini-Zinner

EVAs edit

Start Date/Time	Duration	End Time	Spacecraft	Crew	Remarks
16 April	3 hours 6 minutes		STS-51-D Discovery	Jeffrey A. Hoffman S. David Griggs	Installed an improvised switch-pulling tool, called the Flyswatter, on the RMS robotic arm. The Flyswatter was used in an effort to push the sequencer start lever on the Leasat-3 in the proper position for deployment.^[4] This attempted repair was the first unplanned spacewalk in NASA history.^[5]
2 August 07:15	5 hours	12:15	Salyut 7 EO-4	Vladimir Dzhanibekov Viktor Savinykh	Installed a third pair of solar arrays on exterior of Salyut 7.
31 August	7 hours 20 minutes		STS-51-I Discovery	William Fisher James van Hoften	Van Hoften rode the RMS to capture the Leasat 3 satellite and pulled it into payload bay. Fisher and Van Hoften secured and started repairs on the satellite in the payload bay. The retrieval was complicated by a malfunction of the RMS that made operation of the arm more complicated.^[6]
1 September	4 hours 26 minutes		STS-51-I Discovery	William Fisher James van Hoften	Completed repairs on the Leasat 3 satellite. Then Van Hoften, riding the RMS, heaved the satellite out of the payload bay, imparting the required spin needed to fire the perigee motor.^[6]
29 November	5 hours 32 minutes		STS-61-B Atlantis	Jerry L. Ross Sherwood C. Spring	Practiced construction techniques in the payload bay and assembled and disassembled the two experimental EASE/ACCESS structures.^[7]
1 December	6 hours 41 minutes		STS-61-B Atlantis	Jerry L. Ross Sherwood C. Spring	Conducted supplementary experiments on the EASE and ACCESS structures, including a test of the RMS to aid in the construction experiments.^[7]

References edit

Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.^{[dead link]}
Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
"ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
"NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
"Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.^{[dead link]}
"Space Information Center". JAXA.^{[dead link]}
"Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).

Generic references:

Spaceflight portal

Footnotes edit

^ "Space Shuttle Overview: Atlantis (OV-104)". NASA. 2007. Retrieved 6 November 2007. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Justin Ray (11 May 2010). "Respecting Atlantis as the shuttle faces retirement". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
^ Peter W. Merlin (20 May 2010). "Space Shuttle Atlantis Wraps Up 25-year Career". NASA. Retrieved 25 July 2010. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ "Space Shuttle Mission Archives". NASA. 2007. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
^ Becker, Joachim; Janssen, Heinz Hermann (2009). "Human Spaceflights - STS-51D". Space Facts. Archived from the original on 29 July 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
^ ^a ^b "Space Shuttle Flight 20 (STS-51A)". Space Shuttle Video Library. National Space Society. July 2008. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
^ ^a ^b Rumerman, Judith; Gamble, Chris; Okolski, Gabriel (2007). "Human Spaceflight" (PDF). NASA History Division. p. 45. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2009.