Summary
The 63d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit that was last assigned to the 43rd Bombardment Wing at Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, where it was inactivated on 31 January 1970.
| 63rd Bombardment Squadron | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Active | 1941–1946; 1946–1970 |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force |
| Role | Bombardment |
| Motto(s) | World War II: Semper Primus (Latin for 'Ever First') |
| Engagements | Southwest Pacific Theater |
| Decorations | Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Outstanding Unit Award Philippine Presidential Unit Citation |
| Insignia | |
| 63d Bombardment Squadron emblem[note 2][1] |  |
| 63rd Bombardment Squadron emblem (Southwest Pacific)[2] |  |
| 63rd Bombardment Squadron emblem[3] |  |
The squadron was first activated in January 1941, as one of the original squadrons of the 43rd Bombardment Group. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the squadron participated in antisubmarine patrols until January 1942, when it moved to Australia and the Southwest Pacific Theater. It moved forward with US forces through New Guinea and the Philippines, moving to Ie Shima shortly before V-J Day for operations against Japan. It earned two Distinguished Unit Citations and a Philippine Presidential Unit Citation for combat operations. The squadron was inactivated in the Philippines in April 1946.
The squadron was activated again in October 1946, when it assumed the resources of another unit. It operated propeller-driven Boeing B-29 Superfortresses and Boeing B-50 Superfortresses until 1954, when it upgraded to the jet Boeing B-47 Stratojet. In 1960, the squadron moved to Carswell Air Force Base, Texas, where it became one of the Air Force's first supersonic Convair B-58 Hustler units. It continued to operate the Hustler until it was inactivated.
History edit
World War II edit
Initial organization and training edit
The squadron was first activated at Langley Field, Virginia as one of the original four squadrons of the 43d Bombardment Group, in the buildup of the United States military forces prior to the American entry into World War II. It was equipped with a variety of aircraft, not only the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress that it would fly in combat, but also Douglas B-18 Bolos and North American B-25 Mitchells for training.[1]
The squadron moved to Army Air Base Bangor, Maine at the end of August. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the squadron conducted antisubmarine patrols off the Atlantic coast, with the LB-30 export version of the Consolidated B-24 Liberator until January 1942, when it began moving to reinforce American forces in the Southwest Pacific Theater.[1][4]
Combat in the Pacific edit
The squadron reached Australia via Cape Town in March 1942. It was originally equipped with B-17s for combat operations.[1] The squadron operated from bases in Australia until January 1943, when it moved to New Guinea. Between May and September 1942 the squadron replaced its B-17s with Consolidated B-24 Liberators, believed to be more suited to the long ranges of many Pacific missions.[1][5] It attacked Japanese shipping in the Netherlands East Indies and the Bismarck Archipelago.[4] It experimented with skip bombing and used this technique during the Battle of the Bismarck Sea in March 1943. During this battle, it made repeated attacks against an enemy convoy bringing reinforcements to Japanese forces in New Guinea. For this action, the squadron was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation. During this period, the squadron also provided air support for ground forces in New Guinea. It attacked airfields and enemy installations in New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, Celebes, Halmahera, Yap, Palau, and the southern Philippines.[1][4]
In November 1944 the squadron moved to the Philippines, helping the ground campaign on Luzon as well as conducting bombing missions against airfields, industrial installations and enemy installations in China and Formosa. In July 1945 it moved to Ie Shima Airfield, from which it flew missions over Japan, attacking railroads and airfields, as well as shipping in the Seto Inland Sea until V-J Day.[4] After ceasing operations, the squadron sent its aircraft to the Philippines for reclamation and relocated to Fort William McKinley as a paper unit.[5] It was finally inactivated in April 1946.[1]
Strategic Air Command operations edit
Reactivated under Strategic Air Command at Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona on 1 October 1946 and, along with the other squadrons of the 43rd Group, absorbed the personnel and Boeing B-29 Superfortresses of the 40th and 444th Bombardment Groups, which were simultaneously inactivated.[1][6][7] One of the first operational B-29 squadrons of SAC, the squadron was not fully manned or equipped until 1948. It trained for strategic bombardment missions during the postwar years; began upgrading to the improved Boeing B-50 Superfortress, an advanced version of the B-29 in 1948. The B-50 gave the unit the capability to carry heavy loads of conventional weapons faster and farther as well as being designed for atomic bomb missions if necessary.[citation needed]
By 1951, the emergence of the Soviet MiG-15 interceptor in the skies of North Korea signaled the end of the propeller-driven B-50 as a first-line strategic bomber. It replaced them with new Boeing B-47E Stratojet swept-wing medium bombers in 1954,[1] capable of flying at high subsonic speeds and primarily designed for penetrating the airspace of the Soviet Union.[citation needed] In the late 1950s, the B-47 was considered to be reaching obsolescence, and was being phased out of SAC's strategic arsenal. In preparation for receiving the new Convair B-58 Hustler supersonic medium bomber, sending the last of its B-47s to the Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center (AMARC) in early 1960.[citation needed]
B-58 operations edit
The squadron moved to Carswell Air Force Base without personnel or equipment on 15 April 1960, and was not manned or equipped until August.[8] Then it took over personnel and equipment from the 3958th Combat Crew Training Squadron and the 6592d Test Squadron, which were discontinued.[9] The squadron immediately began training crews on the Convair B-58 Hustler. The squadron was equipped with experimental and training models of the Hustler, along with Convair TF-102 Delta Daggers, to perform Category II and III evaluations of the new bomber, along with its training responsibilities. The evaluations of the Hustler ended in 1962.[8]
At the beginning of the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, Only six B-58s in the entire SAC inventory were on alert. Even these aircraft were "second cycle" (follow on) sorties. Crew training was suspended, and the squadron, along with SAC's other B-58 squadrons, began placing its bombers on alert. By the first week of November, 84 B-58s were standing nuclear alert, and as SAC redeployed its Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers, 20 of these were "first cycle" sorties.[note 5] Within a short time, this grew to 41 bombers. By 20 November, SAC resumed its normal alert posture, and half the squadron's aircraft were kept on alert.[10][11]
In September 1964, the 43d Wing and the squadron moved to Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas. In December 1965, Robert S. McNamara, Secretary of Defense announced a phaseout program that would further reduce SAC's bomber force. This program called for the mid-1971 retirement of all B-58s and some Boeing B-52 Stratofortress models.[12] With the removal of the B-58 from SAC's bomber force, the squadron was inactivated at the end of January 1970.
Lineage edit
- Constituted as the 63d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 20 November 1940
- Activated on 15 January 1941
- Redesignated 63d Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 21 September 1943
- Inactivated on 29 April 1946
- Redesignated 63d Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy and activated, on 1 October 1946
- Redesignated 63d Bombardment Squadron, Medium on 2 July 1948
- Inactivated 31 January 1970[13][14][note 6]
Assignments edit
- 43rd Bombardment Group, 15 January 1941 – 29 April 1946
- 43rd Bombardment Group, 1 October 1946
- 43rd Bombardment Wing, 16 June 1952 – 31 January 1970[13][15]
Stations edit
- Langley Field, Virginia, 15 January 1941
- Army Air Base, Bangor, Maine, 28 August 1941 – 17 February 1942
- Sydney Airport, Australia, 28 March 1942
- Charleville Airport, Australia, 15 June 1942
- Longreach Airport Torrens Creek, Australia, 3 August 1942
- Mareeba Airfield, Australia, 20 August 1942
- Jackson Airfield, Port Moresby, New Guinea, 23 January 1943
- Dobodura Airfield, New Guinea, 29 October 1943
- Nadzab Airfield, New Guinea, April 1944
- Owi Airfield, Schouten Islands, Netherlands East Indies, 20 July 1944
- Tacloban Airfield, Leyte, Philippines, 23 November 1944
- Clark Field, Luzon, Philippines, 19 March 1945
- Ie Shima Airfield, Okinawa, 25 July 1945
- Fort William McKinley, Luzon, Philippines, 10 December 1945 – 29 April 1946
- Davis-Monthan Field (later Davis-Monthan Air Force Base), Arizona, 1 October 1946
- Carswell Air Force Base, Texas, 15 March 1960[13]
- Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, 1 September 1964 – 31 January 1970[16]
Aircraft edit
- Douglas B-18 Bolo 1941–1942
- North American B-25, 1941–1942
- Consolidated LB-30 Liberator, 1941–1942
- Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1941–1942, 1942–1943
- Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1942–1945
- Boeing B-29 Superfortress, 1946–1950
- Boeing B-50 Superfortress, 1948–1954
- Boeing B-47 Stratojet, 1954–1960
- Convair B-58 Hustler, 1960–1970[13]
Awards and campaigns edit
| Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Distinguished Unit Citation | 2 October 1942 – 23 January 1943 | Papua New Guinea 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Distinguished Unit Citation | 2-4 March 1943 | Bismarck Sea 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
 |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 August 1960 – 1 August 1962 | 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
 |
Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation | 17 October 44 – 4 July 45 | 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Air Offensive, Japan | 17 April 1942 – 2 September 1945 | 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
China Defensive | 4 July 1942 – 4 May 1945 | 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Papua | 23 July 1942 – 23 January 1943 | 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
New Guinea | 24 January 1943 – 31 December 1944 | 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Northern Solomons | 23 February 1943–21 November 1944 | 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Bismarck Archipelago | 15 December 1943 – 27 November 1944 | 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Leyte | 17 October 1944 – 1 July 1945 | 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Luzon | 15 December 1944 – 4 July 1945 | 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Southern Philippines | 27 February 1945 – 4 July 1945 | 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Western Pacific | 17 April 1945 – 2 September 1945 | 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
China Offensive | 5 May 1945 – 2 September 1945 | 63rd Bombardment Squadron[1] |
See also edit
References edit
Notes edit
- Explanatory notes
- ^ Aircraft is Convair TB-58A-CF Hustler, serial 55-668 "Peeping Tom." Originally a YB-58A, converted to trainer. This was the last B-58 assigned to the 43rd Wing. This aircraft is now on display at Little Rock Air Force Base. Brewer, Alex P.; Brewer, Randy A. "B-58.com, The B-58 Hustler Page: Inventory". B-58.com. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
- ^ Approved 11 August 1954. Description: two stylied boomerangs interlaced yellow and black. The yellow boomerang's point is upward, the black boomerang's point is downward.
- ^ Aircraft is Boeing B-17F Flying Fortress, serial 41-24521, "Black Jack" on 14 February 1943 at Jackson Airfield, Papua New Guinea. The fixed machine gun in the lower nose was fitted in the field.
- ^ Aircraft is Consolidated B-24D-115-CO Liberator, serial 42-40945 "The Ace O' Spades". Photo taken 20 December 1943.
- ^ The availability of KC-135s to refuel the B-58s was the main factor in relegating them to the second cycle of the war plan. KC-135s were primarily dedicated to refueling B-52s. See Kipp et al. p. 30 and following for SAC bomber actions during the Cuban Crisis.
- ^ The squadron is not related to the Bombardment Squadron, Provisional, 63d that was activated on 15 June 1972 at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam for operational control of deployed Boeing B-52 Stratofortresses and assigned to the Strategic Wing, Provisional, 72nd until 15 November 1973, then attached to the 43rd Strategic Wing until it was discontinued on 30 June 1975.
- Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 241
- ^ Watkins, pp. 84-85
- ^ Hubbard, p. 716
- ^ a b c d Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 99-101
- ^ a b See "History of the 403d Bomb Squadron". liberatorcrash.com. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Mueller, pp. 101-102
- ^ Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 97, 100, 318
- ^ a b Ravenstein, pp. 70-73
- ^ Knaack, p. 384
- ^ Kipp et al. , pp. 57-58, 61
- ^ "Abstract (Unclassified), History of the Strategic Bomber since 1945 (Top Secret, downgraded to Secret)". Air Force History Index. 1 April 1975. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
- ^ Knaack, p. 248 n.41
- ^ a b c d Lineage, assignments, stations and aircraft through March 1963 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 241
- ^ See Ravenstein pp. 70-72 (end of assignment to 43rd Wing); Mueller, p. 325 (end of stationing at Little Rock)
- ^ pp. 70-72
- ^ Mueller, p. 325
Bibliography edit
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- Hubbard, Gerard (1943). "Aircraft Insignia, Spirit of Youth". The National Geographic Magazine. LXXXIII (6). National Geographic Society: 718–722. Retrieved 1 September 2017. (subscription required for web access)
- Kipp, Robert; Peake, Lynn; Wolk, Herman. "Strategic Air Command Operations in the Cuban Crisis of 1962, SAC Historical Study No. 90 (Top Secret NOFORN, FRD, redacted and declassified)". Strategic Air Command. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
- Knaack, Marcelle Size (1988). Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems. Vol. 2, Post-World War II Bombers 1945-1973. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-59-5.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
- Mueller, Robert (1989). Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Watkins, Robert A. (2013). Insignia and Aircraft Markings of the U.S. Army Air Force In World War II. Vol. V, Pacific Theater of Operations. Atglen,PA: Shiffer Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7643-4346-9.