The ascidian mitochondrial code (translation table 13) is a genetic code found in the mitochondria of Ascidia.
AAs = FFLLSSSSYY**CCWWLLLLPPPPHHQQRRRRIIMMTTTTNNKKSSGGVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG
Starts = ---M------------------------------MM---------------M------------
Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG
Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), Valine (Val, V)
DNA codons | RNA codons | This code (13) | Standard code (1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
AGA |
AGA |
Gly (G) |
Arg (R)
| |
AGG |
AGG |
Gly (G) |
Arg (R)
| |
ATA |
AUA |
Met (M) |
Ile (I)
| |
TGA |
UGA |
Trp (W) |
STOP = Ter (*)
|
There is evidence from a phylogenetically diverse sample of tunicates (Urochordata) that AGA and AGG code for glycine. In other organisms, AGA/AGG code for either arginine or serine and in vertebrate mitochondria they code a STOP. Evidence for glycine translation of AGA/AGG was first found in 1993 in Pyura stolonifera[1] and Halocynthia roretzi.[2] It was then confirmed by tRNA sequencing[3] and sequencing whole mitochondrial genomes.[4][5]
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain. [7]