The official IUCNconservation status of each species is taken from the latest edition of the IUCN Red List.[1] Unofficial assessments based on the IUCN criteria are also included, but are presented in italics. Unless otherwise noted, taxonomic determinations and all other information are sourced from Stewart McPherson's two-volume Pitcher Plants of the Old World, published in 2009.[2] Where recent literature provides an altitudinal distribution that falls outside the range given in Pitcher Plants of the Old World, the discrepancy is noted.
All major islands within a species's geographic range are included. Smaller surrounding islands are listed separately under "Minor islands", though these lists are not exhaustive. In the case of archipelagos such as the Philippines, the individual islands to which the species is native are shown in brackets.
Authorities are presented in the form of a standard author citation, using abbreviations specified by the International Plant Names Index.[3] Years given denote the year of the species's formal publication under the current name, thus excluding the earlier basionym date of publication if one exists.
Fossilpollen of various provenance, much of it originally described under the form taxonDroseridites, has been tentatively assigned to Nepenthes by several authors.[113][114][115] The following three species were transferred to the genus Nepenthes by Wilfried Krutzsch in 1985.[113]
^Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) cite a record of N. bicalcarata from Mount Periok in Brunei at c. 1600 m.[8]
^Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a range of 780–1880 m for N. boschiana,[29] while Clarke (1997) gives a range of 900–1880 m.[30]
^Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2250 m for N. burbidgeae,[29] while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 1100–2300 m.[8]
^Cheek & Jebb (2001), Clarke (1997) and Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. edwardsiana.[8][29][30]
^Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1000 m for N. ephippiata.[29] The species has reportedly been collected from Bukit Raya at 2000–2270 m.[8][43]
^Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1700 m for N. gracilis.[8]
^Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 150–1500 m for N. hirsuta,[8] while Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding it at elevations as low as 160 m.[58]
^Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1600 m for N. lowii,[29] while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 900–3400 m.[8]
^The lower altitudinal limit of 2000 m given for N. macrophylla in some older sources[72] is apparently incorrect.[2][73]
^Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 250 m for N. macrovulgaris.[8]
^Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. rafflesiana.[8]
^The paratype of N. ramos was collected at 670 m[94] and N. kurata (which has been synonymised with N. ramos[6]) has been recorded at c. 1400 m.[46]
^Rybka, Rybková & Cantley (2005) give a range of 1200–1800 m for N. sibuyanensis,[99] while the authors of the describing paper give a range of 1500–1800 m.[100]
^Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2750 m for N. tobaica.[29]
^Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 500 m for N. treubiana.[29]
^The upper altitudinal limit of 400 m is uncertain as it is based on the figure given on Google Earth for an "inexact grid-reference" associated with a herbarium specimen.[107]
^Nepenthes villosa generally grows at elevations of 2300–3240 m, but is more common at 1600–1900 m on Mount Tambuyukon.[2] Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 3400 m for this species.[8]
^ abcdeCheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Identification and typification of Nepenthes blancoi, with N. abalata sp. nov. from the western Visayas, Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany31(2): 151–156. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00012.x
^ abcdefghijklCheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. The Nepenthes micramphora (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines. Phytotaxa151(1): 25–34. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.2
^ abcdefghijklmnoGronemeyer, T., W. Suarez, H. Nuytemans, M. Calaramo, A. Wistuba, F.S. Mey & V.B. Amoroso 2016. Two new Nepenthes species from the Philippines and an emended description of Nepenthes ramos. Plants5(2): 23. doi:10.3390/plants5020023
^ abcdefghijklmCheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Typification and redelimitation of Nepenthes alata with notes on the N. alata group, and N. negros sp. nov. from the Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany31(5): 616–622. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00099.x
^ abcdefghijklAdam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1992. The ecology and distribution of Bornean Nepenthes. Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback MachineJournal of Tropical Forest Science5(1): 13–25.
^ abcdeAmoroso, Victor B.; Lagunday, Noel E.; Coritico, Fulgent P.; Colong, Ruel D. "Nepenthes alfredoi (Caryophyllales, Nepenthaceae), A New Species of Pitcher Plant from Mindanao, Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology website. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
^"Nepenthaceae". Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
^ abcdeCheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Nepenthes alzapan (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines. Phytotaxa100(1): 57–60. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.100.1.6
^ abcdeRizqiani, S., N.S. Ariyanti & Sulistijorini 2018. Anatomical characters used for defining five species of Nepenthes from Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Life Science8(3): 311–322. doi:10.11594/jtls.08.03.14
^ abcd(in Indonesian) Mansur, M. 2012. Keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan pemakan serangga dan laju fotosintesisnya di Pulau Natuna. [Diversity on insectivorous plants and its photosynthetic rate in Natuna Island.] Berita Biologi11(1): 33–42. Abstract Archived 2013-09-21 at the Wayback Machine
^McPherson, S.R. 2010. Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
^ abcdeLee, C.C., G. Bourke, W. Taylor, S.T. Yeo & K. Rembold 2011. Nepenthes appendiculata, a new pitcher plant from Sarawak. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 24–35.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqCheek, M. & M. Jebb 2014. Expansion of the Nepenthes alata group (Nepenthaceae), Philippines, and descriptions of three new species. Blumea59: 144–154. doi:10.3767/000651914X685861
^ abcdefCheek, M., D.N. Tandang & P.B. Pelser 2015. Nepenthes barcelonae (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines. Phytotaxa222(2): 145–150. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.222.2.7
^ abcdefghvon Arx, B., J. Schlauer & M. Groves 2001. CITES Carnivorous Plant Checklist. Archived 2008-05-13 at the Wayback Machine The Cromwell Press, United Kingdom.
^Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012. A revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia. Archived 2013-10-07 at the Wayback MachineGardens' Bulletin Singapore64(1): 33–49.
^ abcTan, Hong L.; Lim, Gideon; Mey, François Sockhom; Golos, Michal R.; Wistuba, Andreas; McPherson, Stewart R.; Robinson, Alastair S. (2023-03-01). "Nepenthes berbulu (Nepenthaceae), a pitcher plant from Peninsular Malaysia with remarkably long lid bristles". Carnivorous Plant Newsletter. 52 (1): 15–43. doi:10.55360/cpn521.fm322.
^ abcdefgCheek, M., M. Jebb, B. Murphy & F. Mambor (2018). Nepenthes section Insignes in Indonesia, with two new species. Blumea62(3): 174–178. doi:10.3767/blumea.2018.62.03.03
^ abcdefgCheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2009. Nepenthes group Montanae (Nepenthaceae) in Indo-China, with N. thai and N. bokor described as new. Kew Bulletin64(2): 319–325. doi:10.1007/s12225-009-9117-3
^ abcClarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
^ abcdefLagunday, Noel E.; Amoroso, Victor B. (2019). "Nepenthes cabanae (Caryophyllales, Nepenthaceae), a new species of pitcher plant from Central Mindanao, Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology. 13 (2): 39–45. doi:10.26757/pjsb2019a13005. Retrieved March 2, 2020.
^ abcdefWilson, Gary; Venter, Stephanius; Damas, Kapiro (December 2023). "Nepenthes calcicola, a new pitcher plant from Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea". ResearchGate.
^ abcdPskhun (2024-01-06). "Species New to Science: [Botany • 2023] Nepenthes calcicola (Nepenthaceae) • A New Pitcher Plant from Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea". Species New to Science. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
^ abClarke, C., C.C. Lee & V. Enar 2014. Observations of the natural history and ecology of Nepenthes campanulata. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter43(1): 7–13.
^ ab"Nepenthes candalaga Lagunday & V. B. Amoroso 2022, sp. nov. - Plazi TreatmentBank". treatment.plazi.org. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
^ abcdeGronemeyer, T., F. Coritico, M. Micheler, D. Marwinski, R. Acil & V. Amoroso 2011. Nepenthes ceciliae, a new pitcher plant species from Mount Kiamo, Mindanao. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 412–423.
^ abcdefgPelser, P.B; Barcelona, J.F.; Nickrent, D.L. "Nepenthaceae". Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstGronemeyer, T., F. Coritico, A. Wistuba, D. Marwinski, T. Gieray, M. Micheler, F.S. Mey & V. Amoroso 2014. Four new species of Nepenthes L. (Nepenthaceae) from the central mountains of Mindanao, Philippines. Plants3(2): 284–303. doi:10.3390/plants3020284
^ abcdefghijklCheek, M. 2015. Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) of Halmahera, Indonesia. Blumea59: 215–225. doi:10.3767/000651915X689091
^ abcdefBianchi, A., C.C. Lee, M.R. Golos, F.S. Mey, M. Mansur, Y.M. Mambrasar & A.S. Robinson. 2020. Nepenthes diabolica (Nepenthaceae), a new species of toothed pitcher plant from Central Sulawesi. Phytotaxa464(1): 29–48. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.464.1.2
^ abcdefghijkl"View of Nepenthes latiffiana and N. domei (Nepenthaceae), two new species of pitcher plants from Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia | Webbia". Webbia. 75 (1): 5–28. July 2020. doi:10.36253/jopt-7950. S2CID 225570908. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
^Nooteboom, H.P. (ed.) 1987. Report of the 1982–1983 Bukit Raya Expedition. Rijksherbarium, Leiden.
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^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstCheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy69: 1–23. doi:10.5852/ejt.2013.69
^ abcdefGolos, M.R., A.S. Robinson, M. Barer, M. Dančák, J. De Witte, A. Limberg, N.B.M. Sapawi & W. Tjiasmanto (2020). Nepenthes fractiflexa (Nepenthaceae), a new Bornean pitcher plant exhibiting concaulescent metatopy and a high degree of axillary bud activation. Phytotaxa432(2): 125–143. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.432.2.3
^ abcdefPhillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
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^Mey, F.S. 2016. The beautiful Nepenthes kampotiana x bokorensis. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, 5 October 2016.
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^ abBurbidge, F.W. 1882. Notes on the new Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(420): 56.
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^ abcdefHernawati, Hernawati; Satria, Robi; Lee, Ch'ien C. (2022-06-30). "Nepenthes Harauensis, A New Species of Nepenthaceae from West Sumatra". Reinwardtia. 21 (1): 19–23. doi:10.14203/reinwardtia.v21i1.4306. ISSN 2337-8824. S2CID 250194898.
^ abcdScharmann, M. & T.U. Grafe 2013. Reinstatement of Nepenthes hemsleyana (Nepenthaceae), an endemic pitcher plant from Borneo, with a discussion of associated Nepenthes taxa. Blumea58(1): 8–12. doi:10.3767/000651913X668465
^Clarke, C., J.A. Moran & C.C. Lee 2011. Nepenthes baramensis (Nepenthaceae) – a new species from north-western Borneo . Blumea56(3): 229–233. doi:10.3767/000651911X607121
^ abMansur, M. & F.Q. Brearley 2008. Ecological studies on Nepenthes at Barito Ulu, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Archived 2012-07-08 at archive.today. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan9(3): 271–276.
^ abcdefMey, F.S., M. Catalano, C. Clarke, A. Robinson, A. Fleischmann & S. McPherson 2010. Nepenthes holdenii (Nepenthaceae), a new species of pyrophytic pitcher plant from the Cardamom Mountains of Cambodia. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1306–1331.
^ abcdefLagunday, Noel E.; Yurong, Aimanuelzon; Amoroso, Victor B. (2024-04-11). "Nepenthes kampalili (Nepenthaceae), a new species of pitcher plant from the eastern mindanao biodiversity corridor, Philippines". Phytotaxa. 644 (2): 163–170. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.644.2.8. ISSN 1179-3163.
^Nunn, R. & C.N.A. Vu 2016. An account of the Nepenthes species of Vietnam. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter45(3): 93–101.
^ ab(in Italian) Catalano, M. 2015. Nepenthes kongkandana, da ufficiosa ad ufficiale. AIPC Magazine37: 4–11.
^ abcdefNuanlaong, S., S. Onsanit, V. Chusangrach & P. Suraninpong (2016). A new species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany)44(2): 128–133. doi:10.20531/tfb.2016.44.2.08
^ abcdefRobinson, A., J. Nerz, A. Wistuba, M. Mansur & S. McPherson 2011. Nepenthes lamii Jebb & Cheek, an emended description resulting from the separation of a two-species complex, and the introduction of Nepenthes monticola, a new species of highland pitcher plant from New Guinea. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 522–555.
^ abcdeMcPherson, S., G. Bourke, J. Cervancia, M. Jaunzems, E. Gironella, A. Robinson & A. Fleischmann 2011. Nepenthes leonardoi (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Palawan, Philippines. Carniflora Australis8(1): 4–19.
^ abcdefGolos, Michal R.; Mey, François Sockhom; Wistuba, Andreas; Lim, Gideon; McPherson, Stewart R.; Robinson, Alastair S. (2023-09-01). "Nepenthes limiana (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant from the northern Titiwangsa Range of Peninsular Malaysia". Carnivorous Plant Newsletter. 52 (3): 128–153. doi:10.55360/cpn523.mg603. S2CID 260648384.
^ abVictoriano, Malcolm (2021-07-07). "A new species Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) and its natural hybrids from Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia". Reinwardtia. 20 (1): 17–26. doi:10.14203/reinwardtia.v20i1.3932. ISSN 2337-8824. S2CID 237770035.
^Bourke, G. 2007. Exploring the upper reaches of Gunung Trus Madi. Carniflora Australis (9): 9–16.
^ abcdTamizi, Amin Asyraf; Ghazalli, Mohd Norfaizal; Nikong, Dome; Besi, Edward Entalai; Mat-Esa, Muhamad Ikhwanuddin; Mohd-Nordin, Anuar Rasyidi; Latiff, A.; Shakri, Mohamad Alias (2020-12-20). "Nepenthes malayensis (Nepenthaceae), a new species of carnivorous pitcher plant from Peninsular Malaysia". Kew Bulletin. 75 (4): 63. doi:10.1007/s12225-020-09918-z. ISSN 1874-933X. S2CID 234532520.
^ abcd"Two New Nepenthes Species from the Unexplored Mountains of Central Mindanao, Philippines" (pdf). Republic of the Philippines - Philippine Journal of Science. Philippine Journal of Science. June 2017. pp. 2–3. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
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^ ab(in Indonesian) Sunarti, S., A. Hidayat & Rugayah 2008. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di hutan Pegunungan Waworete, Kecamatan Wawonii Timur, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara. [Plants diversity at the mountain forest of Waworete, East Wawonii District, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi.] Biodiversitas9(3): 194–198.
^ abcdeKing, Charles; Cheek, Martin (2020-09-11). "Nepenthes maximoides (Nepenthaceae) a new, critically endangered (possibly extinct) species in Sect. Alatae from Luzon, Philippines showing striking pitcher convergence with N. maxima (Sect. Regiae) of Indonesia". PeerJ. 8: e9899. doi:10.7717/peerj.9899. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC7489237. PMID 32974102. S2CID 221858198.
^Robinson, A. 2012. Nepenthes merrilliana on Samar Archived 2012-07-22 at the Wayback Machine. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics, June 29, 2012.
^ abcdefCheek, M. & M.H.P. Jebb (2016). Nepenthes minima (Nepenthaceae), a new pyrophytic grassland species from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea61: 181–185. doi:10.3767/000651916X693509
^ abSchlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes mirabilis Archived 2013-12-24 at the Wayback Machine. Carnivorous Plant Database.
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^ abcdeNerz, J., A. Wistuba, C.C. Lee, G. Bourke, U. Zimmermann & S. McPherson 2011. Nepenthes nigra, a new pitcher plant from Central Sulawesi. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 468–491.
^ abcdeMcPherson, S., J. Cervancia, C. Lee, M. Jaunzems, A. Fleischmann, F. Mey, E. Gironella & A. Robinson 2010. Nepenthes palawanensis (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Sultan Peak, Palawan Island, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1332–1339.
^ abcWilson, G.W. & S. Venter (2016). Nepenthes parvula (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Phytotaxa277(2): 199–204. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.277.2.7
^McPherson, S.R. 2011. Observations of Nepenthes philippinensis and related taxa. In: New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 382–395.
^ abLee, C.C., S. McPherson, G. Bourke & M. Mansur 2009. Nepenthes pitopangii (Nepenthaceae), a new species from central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore61(1): 95–100.
^ abcdeGronemeyer, T., S. McPherson, F. Coritico, M. Micheler, D. Marwinski & V. Amoroso 2011. Nepenthes pulchra, a new pitcher plant species from Mount Kiamo, Mindanao. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 424–439.
^ abcMetusala, Destario; Al Farishy, Dee Dee; Jebb, Matthew (2020-08-04). "Nepenthes putaiguneung (Nepenthaceae), a new species from highland of Sumatra, Indonesia". Phytotaxa. 454 (4): 285–292. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.454.4.6. ISSN 1179-3163. S2CID 225376444.
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^ abcdeCheek, M. 2011. Nepenthes robcantleyi sp. nov. (Nepenthaceae) from Mindanao, Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany29(6): 677–681. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2011.01449.x
^ abcde(in Italian) Catalano, M. 2014. Nepenthes rosea, una nuova specie dalla Thailandia peninsulare. AIPC Magazine36: 24–31.
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^ abcdefghijklLim, Gideon; Golos, Michal R.; Mey, François S.; Wistuba, Andreas; McPherson, Stewart R.; Robinson, Alastair S. (April 13, 2023). Delimitation of the Nepenthes macfarlanei Group with two species described as new In: Nepenthes - The Tropical Pitcher Plants Volume 3(PDF). Redfern Natural History Productions. ISBN 978-1-908787-49-1. Retrieved May 27, 2023. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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^ abKrutzsch, W. 1985. Über Nepenthes-Pollen im europäischen Tertiär. Gleditschia13: 89–93.
^Krutzsch, W. 1989. Paleogeography and historical phytogeography (paleochorology) in the Neophyticum. Plant Systematics and Evolution162(1–4): 5–61. doi:10.1007/BF00936909
^Anderson, J.A.R. & J. Muller 1975. Palynological study of a Holocene peat and a Miocene coal deposit from NW Borneo. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology19(4): 291–351.
^Kumar, M. 1995. Pollen tetrads from Palaeocene sediments of Meghalaya, India: comments on their morphology, botanical affinity and geological records. Palaeobotanist43(1): 68–81.
^Saxena, R.K. & G.K. Trivedi 2006. A Catalogue of Tertiary Spores and Pollen from India. Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.
^Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology (Stuttgart)3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897