The hajduks are seen as part of the Serbian national identity. In stories, the hajduks were described as heroes; they had played the role of the Serbian elite during Ottoman rule, they had defended the Serbs against Ottoman oppression, and prepared for the national liberation and contributed to it in the Serbian Revolution.[1] The Chetniks also saw themselves as hajduks, freedom fighters.[2]
The hajduk movement is known as hajdučija (хајдучија) or hajdukovanje (хајдуковање). Ranks included buljubaša and harambaša, adopted from the Ottomans.
People that helped hajduks were called jataks. Jataks lived in villages and towns and provided food and shelter for hajduks. In return, hajduks would give them part of the loot.
16th centuryedit
Starina Novak (~1530–1601), a military commander in Wallachian service, is said to have been the oldest hajduk.
Deli-Marko (fl. 1596–1619), hajduk and military commander in Habsburg service.
18th centuryedit
On 26 November 1716, Austrian general Nastić with 400 soldiers and c. 500 hajduks attacked Trebinje, but did not take it over.[3] A combined Austro-Venetian-Hajduk force of 7,000 stood before the Trebinje walls, defended by 1,000 Ottomans.[4] The Ottomans were busy near Belgrade and with hajduk attacks towards Mostar, and were thus unable to reinforce Trebinje.[4] The conquest of Trebinje and Popovo field were given up to fight in Montenegro.[4] The Venetians took over Hutovo and Popovo, where they immediately recruited militarily from the population.[4]
Kingdom of Serbia (1718–39)edit
The Serbs established a Hajduk army that supported the Austrians.[5] The army was divided into 18 companies, in four groups.[6] In this period, the most notable obor-kapetans were Vuk Isaković from Crna Bara, Mlatišuma from Kragujevac and Kosta Dimitrijević from Paraćin.[5]
The most notable obor-kapetans were Vuk Isaković from Crna Bara, Mlatišuma and Kosta Dimitrijević from Paraćin.[7] Apart from the obor-kapetans, other notable commanders were kapetans Keza Radivojević from Grocka and Sima Vitković from Valjevo.[8] In Kragujevac, there were two companies of 500 soldiers each. He conquered Kruševac with his militia, and carried much cattle.[9]
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (February 2014)
This is a list of notable people, in chronological manner. Hajduks who participated in the Serbian Revolution (1804–1815) are also found in Category:People of the Serbian Revolution.
Early modern periodedit
Grujica Žeravica (fl. 1645), hajduk from Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia during Venetian-Ottoman war (1645-1649)
Starina Novak (~1530–1601), commander in Wallachian service
^Naimark, Norman M. (2003). Norman M. Naimark; Holly Case (eds.). Yugoslavia and Its Historians: Understanding the Balkan Wars of the 1990s. Stanford University Press. pp. 25–. ISBN 978-0-8047-8029-2.
^ abPopović, Dushan Ј (1950). Србија и Београд од Пожаревачког до Београдског мира, 1718-1739 [Serbia and Belgrade from Požarevac to the Peace of Belgrade, 1718-1739] (in Serbian). pp. 42–43.
^Radovan M. Drašković (1987). Valjevo u prošlosti: prilozi za zavičajnu istoriju. Milić Rakić. p. 22. ISBN 9788671730082. Хајдучка војска била је подељена на 18 компанија, које су се распореЬивале у 4 групе.
^Istorijski muzej Srbije (1984). Zbornik Istorijskog muzeja Srbije. Vol. 21. Muzej. p. 35.
^Franjo Jež (1931). Zbornik Jugoslavije: njenih banovina, gradova, srezova i opština. Matica živih i mrtvih s.h.s. p. 43. опевани приморски ју- нак Петар (или Перо) Мркоњић
Further readingedit
Коцић, М. (2013). Венеција и хајдуци у доба Морејског рата.
Милошевић, М. (1988). Хајдуци у Боки Которској 1648–1718. Титоград, ЦАНУ.
Стојановић, М., & Samardžić, R. (1984). Хајдуци и клефти у народном песништву. Српска академија наука и уметности, Балканолошки институт.
Popović, D. J. (1930). O hajducima (Vol. 1). Narodna štampanja.
Žanić, I. (1998). Prevarena povijest: guslarska estrada, kult hajduka i rat u Hrvatskoj i Bosni i Hercegovini, 1990-1995. godine. Durieux.
Bracewell, W. (2005). 'Hajduci kao heroji u balkanskoj politici i kulturi'(trans. of" The Proud Name of Hajduk").
Suvajdžić, Boško (2003). "Hajduci i uskoci u narodnoj poeziji: Istorijske pretpostavke za nastanak i razvoj hajdučkog pokreta". Janus; Rastko. Archived from the original on 2016-03-22.
Suvajdžić, Boško (1953). Српска хајдучка епика у јужнословенском контексту.