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Timeline of Florence 
Summary
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Florence, Tuscany, Italy.
The earliest timeline of Florence, the Annales florentini, was created in the 12th century.
Prior to 14th century edit
- 59 BCE – Roman colony founded (approximate date).[1]
- 1st century CE – Catholic Diocese of Florence established.
- 285 – Florence becomes seat of Tuscia region.[2]
- 405 – Siege of Florence (405).[2]
- 541 – Florence sacked by forces of Ostrogoth Totila.[1]
- 1078 – City walls built.[2]
- 1080 – Stone Ponte Vecchio (bridge) built.[3]
- 1107 – Monte Orlandi and Prato become part of Florence.[3]
- 1115–16 – Commune form of government adopted;[2] Republic of Florence established.
- 1128 – Florence Baptistery built.
- 1138 – "City divided into six wards."[3]
- 1182 – Arte di Calimala (cloth guild) first mentioned (approximate date).
- 1201 – Bankers' guild active (approximate date).[3]
- 1222 – Monte comune (pawnshop) opens.[3]
- 1230 – Eucharistic miracle of Florence allegedly occurs.
- 1237 – Ponte alle Grazie (bridge) built.[3]
- 1244 – Venerabile Arciconfraternita della Misericordia di Firenze founded.
- 1251 – First Capitano del popolo elected.[3]
- 1252
- Mint established;[3] Florin (Italian coin) introduced.
- Santa Trinita bridge built.[3]
- 1258 – Bargello built.[3]
- 1261 – Public prison established.[3]
- 1267 – Charles of Anjou in power.[2]
- 1269 – Flood.[3]
- 1282 – "Florence adopts a new system of government by members of a guild."[4][2]
- 1284 – Tertio Cerchio (wall) built.[3]
- 1285 – Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova founded.[5]
- 1289
- 1299 – Palazzo Vecchio construction begins.
14th–16th centuries edit
- 1312 – Siege of Florence (1312)
- 1321 – University of Florence founded.
- 1333 – November: Flood.(it)
- 1345 – Ponte Vecchio rebuilt.
- 1348 – Black Death plague.[3]
- 1353 – Public clock installed in Palazzo Vecchio tower.[6]
- 1355 – Chiesa di Santa Maria del Fiore a Lapo (church) built.
- 1360 – Cathedral Campanile built.[7]
- 1375 – War of the Eight Saints
- 1377 – Medici in power.[4]
- 1382 – Loggia dei Lanzi built.
- 1385 – Basilica of Santa Croce built.
- 1397 – Medici Bank established.[8]
- 1415 – Bruni's History of Florence issued.[4]
- 1427 – Catasto tax begins.[3]
- 1432 – Ufficiali di Notte tribunal begins.[8]
- 1434 – Cosimo de' Medici in power.[5]
- 1436 – Duomo consecrated.[3]
- 1469 – Lorenzo de' Medici assumes power
- 1471 – Printing press in operation.[3][9]
- 1478 – Pazzi conspiracy foiled.[4]
- 1487 – Medici giraffe arrives.[10]
- 1488 – Ancient Greek poet Homer first published in print.
- 1490 – Palazzo Cocchi-Serristori built.
- 1492 – Lorenzo the Magnificent dies and is succeeded by Piero the Unfortunate
- 1494
- Charles VIII of France invades Italy
- Piero II acquiesces to Charles VIII and is forced to flee Florence
- Republic of Florence restored, ruled nominally by Girolamo Savonarola
- 1494 – Salone dei Cinquecento built.
- 1497 – 7 February: Bonfire of the Vanities.
- 1498
- Niccolò Machiavelli becomes secretary.[4]
- 23 May: Savonarola executed.[2]
- 1504 – Michelangelo's David sculpture installed in the Piazza della Signoria.[11]
- 1509 – Militia established.[3]
- 1512
- Florentine Republic dissolved after defeat by Papal forces under Medici control.
- Piero Soderini and Niccolò Machiavelli exiled.
- 1513
- Giulio de Medici becomes Archbishop of Florence.
- Machiavelli publishes The Prince
- 1517 – Machiavelli publishes Discourses on Livy
- 1527 – 21 June: Machiavelli dies
- 1529 – 24 October: Siege of Florence (1529–30) begins.
- 1532 – Alessandro de Medici becomes duke of the Florentine Republic.[3]
- 1536 – Charles V visits city.[3]
- 1537 – Villani's Nuova Cronica published.
- 1545 – Orto Botanico di Firenze established.
- 1557 – September: Flood.(it)
- 1559 – Palazzo Uguccioni built.
- 1562 – Accademia del Disegno established.[12]
- 1564 – Vasari Corridor built.
- 1565 – Fountain of Neptune inaugurated.
- 1569 – Ponte Santa Trinita (bridge) rebuilt.
- 1574 – Florentine Camerata active.[13]
- 1580 – Rules of Calcio Fiorentino sport published.[14]
- 1581 – Uffizi art museum built.
- 1582 – State Archives of Tuscany established.[5]
- 1592 – Theorbo musical instrument invented.[13]
- 1598 – Premiere of Peri's opera Dafne.[13]
- 1600
- 5 October: Wedding of Maria de 'Medici and Henry IV of France.
- Biblioteca Riccardiana founded (approximate date).[5]
- Premiere of Peri's opera Euridice.[15]
17th–19th centuries edit
- 1625 – Premiere of Francesca Caccini's opera La liberazione di Ruggiero.[16]
- 1656 – Teatro della Pergola built.
- 1700 – Fortepiano musical instrument prototyped.[13]
- 1739 – Academia Botanica established.[17]
- 1740 – Teatro di Santa Maria built.
- 1753 – Accademia dei Georgofili established.[17]
- 1775 – Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze established.
- 1784 – Galleria dell'Accademia established.
- 1799 – French occupation begins.[2]
- 1814
- 1817 – Teatro Goldoni opens.
- 1828 – Teatro Alfieri opens.
- 1844 – 3 November: Florence flood of 1844.
- 1847 – Premiere of Verdi's opera Macbeth.[15]
- 1848
- Prato-Florence railway begins operating.
- Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station opens.
- 1852 – Archivio di Stato di Firenze (state archives) established.
- 1859 – La Nazione newspaper begins publication.[19]
- 1861
- National Library active.
- Population: 150,864.
- 1862 – Politeama Fiorentino Vittorio Emanuele amphitheatre opens.
- 1864 – Florence becomes part of Italy.[1]
- 1865 – Italian capital relocated to Florence from Turin.[20]
- 1867 – Società Geografica Italiana headquartered in Florence.
- 1871
- Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali built.
- Population: 167,093.[21]
- 1879 – Horse-drawn tram begins operating.
- 1882 – Great Synagogue of Florence built.
- 1891 – Cathedral Museum opens.[5]
- 1896 – Firenze Campo di Marte railway station opens.
- 1897
- Leo S. Olschki Editore in business.
- Population: 209,540.[22]
20th century edit
- 1901 – Population: 236,635.
- 1904 – Giardino Tropicale established.[23]
- 1908 – La Voce magazine begins publication.
- 1922 – Cinema Teatro Savoia opens.[24]
- 1925 – Non Mollare newspaper begins publication.[20]
- 1926 – Chiesa di Santa Maria a Ricorboli (church) built.
- 1931 – Population: 304,160.
- 1933 – Maggio Musicale Fiorentino begins.
- 1934 – Bologna–Florence railway begins operating.[2]
- 1936 – Cinema Vittoria built.[24]
- 1943
- German occupation begins.
- 25 September: Aerial bombing by Allied forces.
- 1944
- 1948 – Ponte alla Carraia (bridge) rebuilt.
- 1954 – 27 October: 1954 UFO sighting in Florence
- 1957 – Ponte Amerigo Vespucci (bridge) built.
- 1959 – Giardino dell'Iris (garden) established.[23]
- 1961 – Population: 436,516.
- 1966 – 4 November: 1966 Flood of the Arno River.[2]
- 1968 – Ospedale Piero Palagi (hospital) built.
- 1977 – Florence–Rome high-speed railway begins operating.
- 1978 – Indiano Bridge built.
- 1982 – Historic Centre of Florence designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- 1986 – Gran Caffè Doney closes.
- 1991 – Population: 403,294.
- 1993 – 27 May: Via dei Georgofili bombing.[2]
- 1995 – European Rapid Operational Force headquartered in Florence.
- 1997 – City website online (approximate date).[25]
21st century edit
- 2001 – Population: 356,118.
- 2002 – November: European Social Forum held in city.
- 2009
- Bologna–Florence high-speed railway begins operating.
- Matteo Renzi becomes mayor.
- 2011 – 13 December: 2011 Florence shootings.
- 2013 – Population: 366,039 city; 987,354 province.[26]
- 2014 – Dario Nardella becomes mayor.
- 2015 – City becomes capital of the newly created Metropolitan City of Florence.
See also edit
Other cities in the macroregion of Central Italy:(it)
- Timeline of Ancona, Marche region
- Timeline of Arezzo, Tuscany region
- Timeline of Livorno, Tuscany
- Timeline of Lucca, Tuscany
- Timeline of Perugia, Umbria region
- Timeline of Pisa, Tuscany
- Timeline of Pistoia, Tuscany
- Timeline of Prato, Tuscany
- Timeline of Rome, Lazio region
- Timeline of Siena, Tuscany
References edit
- ^ a b c Townsend 1867.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Timeline of the history of Florence". Provincia di Firenze. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Staley 1906.
- ^ a b c d e Charles E. Little (1900), "Italy", Cyclopedia of Classified Dates, New York: Funk & Wagnalls
- ^ a b c d e Baedeker 1913.
- ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). "The First Public Clocks". History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
- ^ "Italian Peninsula, 1000–1400 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ a b Michael Wyatt, ed. (2014). "Timeline". Cambridge Companion to the Italian Renaissance. Cambridge University Press. p. xxi+. ISBN 978-1-139-99167-4.
- ^ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Italy: Firenze". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450631 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ Luca Landucci, A Florentine Diary tr. Alice de Rosen Jervis (New York, 1969) p. 44
- ^ Gardner 1920.
- ^ "Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance: Timeline". Empires. US: Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d Joseph P. Swain (2013). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Baroque Music. US: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7825-9.
- ^ Tom Dunmore (2011). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7188-5.
- ^ a b "Timeline of opera", Oxford Music Online, Oxford University Press, retrieved 30 June 2015
- ^ Stephen Rose (2005). "Chronology". In Tim Carter and John Butt (ed.). Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79273-8.
- ^ a b James E. McClellan (1985). "Official Scientific Societies: 1600–1793". Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05996-1.
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia 1906.
- ^ "Italy". Western Europe. Regional Surveys of the World (5th ed.). Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 978-1-85743-152-0.
- ^ a b Mark Gilbert; Robert K. Nilsson (2007). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Modern Italy. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6428-3.
- ^ "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1873. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590360.
- ^ "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590550 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ a b "Garden Search: Italy". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ a b "Movie Theaters in Florence". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
- ^ "Città di Firenze Rete Civica" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 1997-01-21 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Resident Population". Demo-Geodemo. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.
Bibliography edit
- Giuseppe Maria Mecatti (1755). Storia chronologica della città di Firenze [Chronological history of the city of Florence] (in Italian). Napoli: Stamperia Simoniana. (1977 reprint)
- J. Willoughby Rosse (1858). "Florence". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn. hdl:2027/uva.x030807786 – via Hathi Trust.
- George Henry Townsend (1867), "Florence", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Florence". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
- William Smith, ed. (1872) [1854]. "Florentia". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. hdl:2027/hvd.ah5cuq.
- Ismar Elbogen (1906), "Florence", Jewish Encyclopedia
- Edgcumbe Staley (1906). "Chronology". Guilds of Florence. London: Methuen & Co. hdl:2027/uc1.$b94514.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Florence", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- "Florence", Northern Italy (14th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1913, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7rn3cv1g
- Edmund G. Gardner (1920). Story of Florence. London: J. M. Dent & Co.
- Millard Meiss (1951). "Chronological Table". Painting in Florence and Siena After the Black Death: the Arts, Religion, and Society in the Mid-fourteenth Century. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00312-2.
- Athanasios Moulakis (1998). "Chronology of Florentine Institutional Development". Republican Realism in Renaissance Florence. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-8994-1.
- Michael Levey (1996). "Selective Chronology". Florence: A Portrait. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-30658-5.
- Ted Jones (2013). "Chronology of Events". Florence And Tuscany: a Literary Guide for Travellers. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84885-836-7.
External links edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Florence.
- Università degli Studi di Firenze. "Storia di Firenze" (in Italian). (Includes chronologies)
43°47′00″N 11°15′00″E / 43.783333°N 11.25°E