Immune system boosters

Feeding your body certain foods may help keep your immune system strong.

If you’re looking for ways to prevent colds, the flu, and other infections, your first step should be a visit to your local grocery store. Plan your meals to include these 15 powerful immune system boosters.

With the 2019 coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic, it’s especially important to understand that no supplement, diet, or other lifestyle modification other than physical distancing, also known as social distancing, and proper hygiene practices can protect you from COVID-19.

Currently, no research supports the use of any supplement to protect against COVID-19 specifically.

1. Citrus fruits

Most people turn straight to vitamin C after they’ve caught a cold. That’s because it helps build up your immune system immunity booster supplement .

Vitamin C is thought to increase the production of white blood cells, which are key to fighting infections.

Almost all citrus fruits are high in vitamin C. With such a variety to choose from, it’s easy to add a squeeze of this vitamin to any meal.

Popular citrus fruits include:

• grapefruit
• oranges
• tangerines
• lemons
• limes

Because your body doesn’t produce or store it, you need daily vitamin C for continued health. The recommended daily amount for most adults is:

• 75 mg for women
• 90 mg for men

If you opt for supplements, avoid taking more than 2,000 milligrams (mg) a day.

Also keep in mind that while vitamin C might help you recover from a cold quicker, there’s no evidence yet that it’s effective against the new corona virus,

2. Red bell peppers

If you think citrus fruits have the most vitamin C of any fruit or vegetable, think again. Ounce for ounce, red bell peppers contain almost 3 times as much vitamin C 127 mg as a Florida orange (45 mg ). They’re also a rich source of beta carotene.

Besides boosting your immune system, vitamin C may help you maintain healthy skin. Beta carotene, which your body converts into vitamin A, helps keep your eyes and skin healthy.

“Immune boosting” is a trending topic during the COVID-19 pandemic. The concept of “immune boosting” is scientifically misleading and often used to market unproven products and therapies. This paper presents an analysis of popular immune-boosting posts from Instagram. Of the sampled posts, all promoted “immune boosting” as beneficial, nearly all involved commercial interests, and many used scientific and medical rhetoric in their messaging.

“Immune boosting” is a trending topic correlated with the coronavirus pandemic, appearing alongside numerous speculative cures, treatments, and preventative strategies . An analysis of Google Trends, for example, shows that the phrases “immune boost” and “immune boosting” saw a large increase in February 2020, around the same time concerns around the virus intensified. Further, from April 15th, 2020 to May 15th 2020, the popular hashtag #immunebooster increased on Instagram posts by over 46%. The idea of boosting one’s immunity, however, is misleading and scientifically inaccurate [2]. There is no current evidence that any product or practice will contribute to enhanced “immune boosting” protection against COVID-19 [5]. This lack of evidence has not stopped wellness gurus, celebrities, and commercial entities from propagating notions of boosting immunity, and messaging of this nature is readily found connected to online portrayals of COVID-19 in the popular press. With the abundance of misinformation circulating online [6], this research provides a sense of how immune-boosting discourse is presented on Instagram, one of the world’s largest social media platforms. immunity booster supplement

Instagram, the photo- and video-sharing social networking service owned by Facebook, Inc., has over 500 million users active daily [7]. Hashtags (e.g. #immunebooster) allow Instagram users to categorize their posts and to search for topic-related content. Hashtagged content can create popular trends, which promote perspectives and drive narratives [8]. Research has shown that social media sites like Instagram are becoming increasingly commercialized, generating profits for both companies and users. Indeed, Instagram has been described as a key player in “the attention economy” [9], where social media platforms strive to keep audiences logged in and active. It is reported that over 200 million Instagram users visit at least one business profile daily [7].

Food, fitness, and health are among Instagram’s top themes [10] and Instagram content has been associated with both positive and negative health outcomes. For example, the platform has been used to create supportive networks for public health initiatives like breastfeeding [11]. But it is also associated with problematic health behaviours, including the promotion of potentially harmful substances [12, 13] and body image and eating disorder issues [14,15,16].

This study presents a snapshot portrayal of Instagram posts using #immunebooster. The current interest in the scientifically questionable concept of “immune boosting” may lead to the spread of inaccurate information about immunity that could instil a false sense of security leading to higher-risk behaviours. The spread of this type of misinformation may also lead to financial loss and greater confusion about how individuals can best to respond to the pandemic [17].

Methods

During a period of heightened media attention around COVID-19, we searched for “#immune booster” on Instagram once a day, for 1 week (May 4–10th, 2020). On each day, we took screenshots of the first 10 “Top posts,” which display popular trending content as determined by Instagram’s algorithm [18]. The objective was not to summarize the totality of #immune booster discourse on Instagram, as generated by all users, but rather to provide a snapshot of the commonly shared, salient trends evident among popular posts. In other words, we were trying to capture what was most commonly seen by the general public searching for #immune booster.

We captured a screenshot of each #immune booster post, its caption, and tapped on the posted image to capture all visible tags. If the poster had loaded the first comment with hash tags, as is common practice, we also captured that comment. We did not capture other user comments, as user discussions fell outside the purview of this study. Additionally, on 2 days of the week (7 and 8 May 7th and 8th, 2020), we took screenshots of all #immune booster “stories.” We collected relevant metadata, such as the number of followers for each account and the number of likes for each post. To protect the privacy of the users, all usernames were removed from the finalized dataset, and no usernames appear in these findings.

We performed a content analysis on the posts, making use of both inductive and deductive methods [19]. This design involved building an initial coding frame to survey the data, and then modifying this frame by conducting an overview analysis of the posts. We observed, for example, a substantial presence of commercial activity and, as a result, incorporated these elements into the frame. Combining the images in the post and the text in the caption, we categorized the importance of “immune boosting” in each post as either central or peripheral. A post was categorized as central if the image or caption explicitly addressed “immune boosting.” A post was labelled as peripheral if “immune boosting” was merely mentioned or tangential to the post’s core message, such as a standalone hash tag. We assessed if and how “immune boosting” was portrayed as beneficial, or whether the concept was questioned or critiqued. We also detailed the commercial aspects present. See the complete coding frame made available in Additional file 1. The data was first analyzed by one coder and then reviewed by a second. We noted all discrepancies and resolved disagreements by consensus-reaching sessions.

We found 17 of the 28 (61%) posts feature “immune boosting” as a central idea and 11 posts as peripheral. All the posts portray “immune boosting” as beneficial. Most posts portray or intimate a general benefit to “immune boosting.” Specific benefits are associated with improved mood, anti-inflammation, increased, gut health, better cognition, and skin care. None of the posts critique or question the value or validity of “immune boosting” in any way. Seven posts refer or appeal to scientific or medical authorities, including dietitians, nutritionists, doctors, and experts. One post mentions scientific research or evidence, which, in this instance, was a single unsubstantiated reference to “clinical studies.” 8 posts refer to COVID-19 through such phrases and hash tags as “Now more than ever it’s important for us to boost our immunity,” “#lockdown cooking,” and “#quarantine and chill.”

Of the 26 unique accounts sampled, 25 were commercial accounts, which we defined as any account that sells or advertises commercial products or services. This definition includes “influencer” accounts that advertise other people’s or companies’ products or services. Three posts are listed as paid promotions. We identified a total of 62 different companies tagged or mentioned in these posts, 53 of which are distinct from the accountholder. 75% of the posts tagged one or more companies. In order of decreasing frequency, the focus of these companies are related to food (ingredients and cooking); general health and wellness; clothing, fashion, and accessories; exercise advice and products; beauty products and advice; nutrition supplements; essential oils; home décor and furnishings; self-help and self-improvement; travel; technology; brand management; and a humanitarian non-government organization.

About 30% of the posts appeal to some form of medical or scientific authority and several have text suggesting the rhetoric of scientific evidence, which is “text that draws on scientific sounding language in order to create a veneer of legitimacy” [20]. For instance, post 13 recommends a dinner recipe that “helps boost your Microbiome and immunity.” That post was made by a self-identified general practitioner and health journalist who sells a series of diet and recipe books. Post 5 featured a “registered nutritionist, author, media regular, and mom” offering some tips “to boost your #immunity,” which entailed taking their brand of supplement and probiotic products. Another example using scientific rhetoric is Post 15, from the account of a personal trainer and “Creative Brand Consultant” who sells protein bars. The advertised product in Post 15 is a supplement, which is described as “a unique formula made with clinically-studied microbiome strains” and containing “organic ashwagandha- a plant known for its adoptogenic properties.” Post 9 includes a softer appeal to scientific knowledge from an influencer’s account, which advertises a variety of healthy food and supplement products with dedicated discount codes. This post has an image of a labelled jar of apple cider vinegar gummies held above a “loaded oatmeal bowl.” The theme is about healthy living and the caption connects the product to the COVID-19 pandemic: “Apple cider vinegar is known to improve digestion, detoxes the body, and provides immunity boosting which I think we could all use a little extra right now!”

Three accountholders included medical warnings concerning their immune-boosting products or services. The caption for post 21 has the following bolded disclaimer: “The Content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it.” This emphatic deference to medical expertise contrasts with another post’s warning. Post 6 lists numerous contraindications and cautions for an “immunity booster pose.” The caption suggests the yoga pose “powers our immunity by stimulating the digestive system and stimulate the thymus, an organ located behind the chest bone that is responsible for the growth of T-cells.”  

 

Most posts expressly or implicitly advertised products or services as “immune boosting capsules” The image in post 2, for example, has a woman holding a jar of juice and is captioned as an “ORGANIC IMMUNE BOOSTING TONIC” comprised of “Naturally FRESH homemade immune booster.” The accompanying description claims this “vitamin powered” tonic is anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-fungal and can fight infections, prevent asthma, boost metabolism, aid “health cell growth,” and counter viral infections. The post also promotes the accountholder’s IGTV channel dedicated to selling the “immune boosting” tonic. Many commercial posts associated “immune boosting” with other popular health and lifestyle topics, including gut health, anti-inflammation, veganism, and “natural” foods and products. Post 21 comes from an account selling a line of essential-oil health and beauty products. The post has an info graphic for “FOODS TO BOOST THE BODY IMMUNE SYSTEM,” which graphic is reminiscent of a nutrition guide. This post also includes the bolded disclaimer discussed above.