Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
is a spiral shaped gram-negative aerobic bacterium commonly found in the
stomach. Bacteria plays a vital role in balancing stomach ecology. When H.
pylori invades and attacks the stomach lining, it causes stomach infections.
These infections are commonly found in both men as well as women. Nearly 30% of
the world’s population is infected by H. pylori. In some countries, the
bacteria infects more than 50% of the population, making this infection one of
the most common bacterial infections known to mankind.
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H. pylori infections cause
stomach ulcers and gastritis. As the bacterium causes stomach ulcers and
duodenal ulcers, it is associated with stomach and duodenal cancers. In 1994,
the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified H. pylori as a carcinogen.
The mode of transmission of H. pylori is unclear. However it is suggested that
the bacterium is transmitted from one individual to another via the fecal-oral
route.
Most people with Helicobacter
pylori infection are asymptomatic. Mostly, H. pylori infections occur in
childhood. Patients with peptic ulcer caused by H. pylori experience symptoms
such as abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, loss of appetite, and excessive
burping. In some cases, peptic ulcers lead to severe complications such as
internal bleeding (which occur when these ulcers break through the blood
vessel), obstruction (which happens when an ulcer prevents food from leaving
the stomach), perforation (ulcer breaks through the stomach wall), and
peritoneum infection.
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Rising prevalence of these
infections are projected to propel the global H. pylori diagnostics market
during the forecasted period. These infections are more prevalent in developing
countries. Poor sanitation, lack of water supply, poor personal hygiene, and
dense population are the key factors attributed to the spread of H. pylori
infections. Awareness about these infections among people is one of the factors
fueling the growth of the global H. pylori diagnostics market.. However,
stringent regulatory norms and rules by government are likely to hamper market
growth.
There are several diagnostic
methods currently available to detect presence of H. pylori. Depending on the
type of diagnostic method, the market is broadly categorized into two segments:
invasive and non-invasive. Invasive methods include endoscopy, histological examination,
culturing of biopsy specimen, polymerase chain reaction, and rapid urease test
(RUT). The choice of the diagnostic test depends on factors such as need to
perform endoscopy, availability of the diagnostic test, cost, patient’s age,
and advantages or disadvantages of one method over the other.
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Non-invasive diagnostic method
includes serology. In serological testing, antibodies against H. pylori are
identified from the patients’ blood samples. Several tests such as enzyme
immunoassay (EIA) are used to detect antibodies. Diagnostic test such as urea
breath test is used to detect eradication of in a patient’s body. POC test is
also one of the most common tests used to diagnose the infection. Based on
end-user, the market can be segmented into hospitals, diagnostic laboratories,
private clinics, and research institutes.
Geographically, the global H.
pylori diagnostics market can be segmented into five key regions: North
America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa.
North America dominate the global H. pylori diagnostic market owing to a better
economy and development of health care facilities. High rate of population and
high prevalence of H. pylori infections are expected to boost the growth of the
market in developing countries in Asia.
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Key players operating in the
global H. pylori diagnostics market are Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bio-Rad
Laboratories, and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, among others.
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