The neotype organic fluorine material is a fluorine-containing hydrocarbon compound with excellent chemical resistance, thermal stability, dielectric properties, incombustibility, non-stick performance, and a low coefficient of friction. It can be widely used in many fields such as military, electronics, electrical appliances, machinery, chemistry, textiles due to these advantages.
From the point of its performance and usage, organic fluorinated compounds can be divided into fluoroalkanes, fluoropolymers and their processed products and fluorine-containing fine chemicals.
1 Fluoroalkanes
The fluorine-containing alkane is represented by Freon. Freons are mainly fluorinated methane and ethane, and may also contain chlorine or bromine. Most of these compounds are gas or low-boiling liquids, non-flammable, chemically stable, heat-resistant, and low-toxic. It mainly used as refrigerants and sprays. The most commonly used are Freon-11 (CFCl3) and Freon-12 (CF2Cl2). This type of compound is also an important fluorine chemical raw materials or solvent. For example, difluorochloromethane is used to synthesize tetrafluoroethylene; 1,1,2-trifluorotrichloroethane is used to synthesize chlorotrifluoroethylene and it is also an excellent solvent. Fluorinated iodoalkanes such as trifluoroiodomethane are important synthetic intermediates. Some low-molecular-weight fluorine-containing alkanes and fluorine-containing ethers have anesthetic effect, and have the advantages of non-combustibility and low toxicity. They can be used as inhalation anesthetics, for example, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloro-2-bromoethane (commonly known as Halothane) has been widely used in clinical practice.
2 Fluoropolymers and their processed products
Fluoropolymers and their processed products mainly include fluorine plastics, fluorine rubber and fluorine coatings.
2.1 Fluorine Plastic
Fluorine plastic product PTFE [PTFE, F4] is one of the best materials with corrosion resistance at present, that is why it is called "plastic king". It can be made into pipe, plate, bar, film, bearings and washers. And it can be widely used in the fields of electrical/electronics, chemical, aerospace, machinery, national defense and military. In addition to excellent heat resistance, it also has excellent electrical insulation, and with non-stick, non-absorbent, non-combustible non-stick properties. Perfluoro (ethylene-propylene) copolymers [FEP, F46] also have excellent insulation properties. It is an ideal material for local area network (LAN) insulated cables, heating cables and thermocouples. Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer [E-TFE, F40] is the strongest fluoroplastic with excellent scratch and abrasion resistance. Polyvinylidene fluoride [PVDF, F2] is a crystalline polymer with a low melting point of about 160-170°C. It also has excellent weatherability, UV resistance, radiation resistance and processing properties; it can be made into tubes, plates, rods, films and fibers. It is mainly used as anti-corrosion materials in chemical equipment , as coating on electronic/electrical wires, aerospace wires and optical fiber.
2.2 Fluorine Rubber
Fluorine rubber has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, oil resistance, corrosion resistance to various chemicals, high mechanical strength, and good sealing performance. It is an indispensable material for cutting-edge science and technology such as modern aviation, missiles, rockets, and space navigation. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the automotive industry, the amount of fluoroelastomers in automobiles has also rapidly increased. Fluororubber mainly includes Fluororubber 23, Fluororubber 26, Dupont VITON A. VITON A is a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, and its overall performance is better than Fluororubber 23.
2.3 Fluorine Coating
Fluorine coatings are dominated by chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer [FEVE]. This is a new type of organic solvent fluorine coating that appeared in the 1980s. It can be used by brush painting, roller painting, spraying at room temperature. The coatings on the surface of various substrates has not only excellent weather resistance but also has excellent solvent resistance, acid and alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, pigment dispersibility, and solvent solubility, so that the fluorine coating has excellent decorative properties. So they have been widely used in the fields of aircraft, cross-sea bridges, Shinkansen trains, transportation vehicles, construction steel structures and large-scale outdoor structures. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection in the society, restrictions on VOC content have become increasingly stringent in all countries. The development of waterborne fluorine coatings has become the trend and direction of development of fluorine coatings.
3 Fluorine-containing Fine Chemicals
Fluorine-containing fine chemicals mainly include fluorine-containing intermediates (aromatic fluorides and aliphatic fluorides), fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals, fluorine-containing pesticides, and fluorine-containing surfactants. Aromatic fluorides are important intermediates for synthetic medicines, pesticides and dyes. There are more than a dozen categories, nearly a thousand varieties of aromatic fluorides. The efficacy of fluorine-containing medicines is several times stronger than that of common drugs. At present, there are nearly 100 kinds of fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals that have been commercialized and being developed in the world. Some of the important products are: depressant droperidol; antitumor drug fluorouracil; anti-inflammatory drug diflurazon; hormonal drugs hydrofluorocortisone, chlorpheniramine, fludrostatone and fluticasone; Arrhythmia drug flecainide; anticancer drug fludarabine; hypnotic drug flumazenil; anti-asthma drug flunisolide; antidepressant fluoxetine (the world's first sales of anti-depressant drug); diet pills fluramine. Fluorine-containing pesticides include herbicides and insecticides such as fluorene, diflubenzuron, and fluorine-containing pyrethroids. Fluorine-containing surfactants have been widely used as cleaning agents for electronic components, anti-fogging agents, release agents, levelling agents for the silk textile industry and metallic gloss processing additives.
