Appointments should be listed in order of service branch,[b] and thereafter by the assigned position, identical to the above list. Promotions with no announced position should be listed below those with such positions by qualification of initial or lateral promotion[c] and thereafter by alphabetical order of surname.
As with four-star officers, the U.S. Code explicitly limits the number of three-star officers that may be on active duty at any given time. The total number of active-duty general or flag officers is capped at 219 for the Army, 150 for the Navy, 171 for the Air Force, 64 for the Marine Corps, and 21 for the Space Force.[208] For the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Space Force, statute sets the total number of three-star officers allowed in each service,[209] which equates to about 23% of each service's active-duty general or flag officer pool.[d] The number is set at 46 three-star Army generals,[209] 17 three-star Marine Corps generals,[209] 34 three-star Navy admirals,[209] 44 three-star Air Force generals,[209] seven three-star Space Force generals,[209] and five three-star Coast Guard admirals.[210]
While a number of these positions are set by statute, most do not have the accompanying statutory three-star rank. By convention, however:
For the Navy, vice admirals include numbered fleet commanders,[217] deputy chiefs of naval operations,[218] deputies of Navy four-star commands, commanders of high-level geographic and component commands,[217] and specialty positions such as the type commanders of naval air forces, naval submarine forces and naval surface forces, as well as the naval inspector general[219] and judge advocate general.[220]
For the Space Force, lieutenant generals include the deputy chiefs of staff of the Space Staff and commanders of high-level field commands.
For the Coast Guard, vice admirals include the deputy commandants for operations and mission support,[230] as well as the operational area commanders of the Atlantic and Pacific region.[230] By statute, there may not be more than five three-star positions in the Coast Guard[210] and, if there are five, one must be the chief of staff of the Coast Guard.[210]
For the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the surgeon general of the United States is a three-star vice admiral by statute, equivalent in rank to the surgeon general of the Army.[231]
The president may also designate positions of importance and responsibility to other agencies in the executive branch aside from the Coast Guard and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to be held by an officer with the rank of vice admiral, with corresponding pay and allowance.[210]
Exceptionsedit
Exceptions exist that allow for the appointment of three-star officers beyond statutory limits. The secretary of defense can designate up to 49[e] three-star officers,[233] who do not count against any service's general- or flag-officer limit,[233] to serve in one of several joint positions.[234] For three-star officers, these include senior positions on the Joint Staff such as the director of the Joint Staff and deputy commanders of unified combatant commands.[235] Officers serving in certain intelligence positions are not counted against statutory limits, including the deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency,[236] associate director for military affairs of the Central Intelligence Agency,[236] and the advisor for military affairs to the director of National Intelligence.[234][236] The president can appoint additional three-star officers in any one service, in excess of that service's three-star limit, as long as they are offset by reducing an equivalent number of three-stars from other services.[209] Finally, all statutory limits may be waived at the president's discretion during time of war or national emergency.[237]
Appointmentedit
Like with four-stars, three-star grade of ranks are temporary in nature; officers may only achieve three stars if they are appointed to positions that require or allow the officer to hold the rank.[238] Their rank expires with the expiration of their term of office, which is normally set by statute.[238] The president nominates three-star officers from any eligible officers holding one-star rank and above who also meet the other requirements for the position, based on the advice of their respective executive department secretary, service secretary, and if applicable the Joint Chiefs.[238] The nominee must be confirmed via majority by the Senate before the appointee can take office and thus assume the rank.[238][f]
While it is rare for nominations to face even token opposition in the Senate, nominations that do face opposition due to controversy surrounding the nominee in question are typically withdrawn.[240]
For example, the nomination of Major General Ryan F. Gonsalves to the rank of lieutenant general, and assignment as commanding general of U.S. Army Europe in 2017 was withdrawn,[241] after an investigation was launched into the general's inappropriate comment to a female congressional staffer.[242]
The president withdrew the nomination of Lieutenant General Susan J. Helms to become vice commander of Air Force Space Command in 2013 after eight months of inaction in the Senate,[245] owing to concerns about her overturning the ruling in a sexual assault case under her command.[246][247][248]
Lieutenant General Mary A. Legere was widely considered a leading candidate to succeed Lieutenant General Michael T. Flynn as director of the Defense Intelligence Agency in 2014, but her name was removed from consideration,[249] following congressional backlash over her involvement in several controversial Army intelligence projects.[250]
Major General Raphael J. Hallada was withdrawn from consideration to become commanding general of Fifth Army in 1991,[251][252] in connection to his decision not to prosecute two soldiers responsible for an artillery accident at his command of Fort Sill.[253][254]
And Rear Admiral Elizabeth A. Hight's nomination to be director of the Defense Information Systems Agency in 2008 was withdrawn,[258] due to concerns about a possible conflict of interest with her husband, a retired Air Force general who was employed by a prominent defense contractor.[259]
Nominations that are not withdrawn are allowed to expire without action at the end of the legislative session, with said nominations being returned to the President.[240][260]
The nomination of Rear Admiral Thomas P. Ostebo to be the Coast Guard's deputy commandant for mission support in 2014 was returned to the president,[264][265] as it was procedurally delayed by a senator who opposed the closure of two Coast Guard facilities in response to sequestration cuts.[266]
Additionally, events that occur after Senate confirmation may delay or even prevent the nominee from assuming office, necessitating that another nominee be selected and considered by the Senate.
For example, Major General John G. Rossi, who had been confirmed to the rank of lieutenant general, and assignment as the commanding general of the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command in April 2016 committed suicide two days before he was to assume command.[267][268][269] Lieutenant General David L. Mann, the incumbent commander who was scheduled to retire, remained in command beyond customary term limits until another nominee, Major General James H. Dickinson was confirmed by the Senate.[270]
Vice Admiral Scott A. Stearney assumed command of U.S. Naval Forces Central Command, Fifth Fleet, and Combined Maritime Forces in May 2018.[271] His death in December 2018 resulted in the speedy confirmation[272] of Rear Admiral James J. Malloy in the same month for elevation to the rank of vice admiral as his replacement.[273]
Command elevation and reductionedit
Any billet in the armed forces may be designated as a position of importance requiring the holder of the position to be of three-star or four-star rank.[238] One-star and two-star billets may be elevated to three-star or four-star level as appropriate, either by act of Congress, or within statutory limits by the services at their discretion. Congress may propose such elevations or reductions to the president and Department of Defense.[274]
An officer leading a command or office elevated to three-star rank can be promoted while in their present position, reassigned to another office of equal rank, or retire if another nominee is selected as their replacement.
For example, Major General Scott C. Black became judge advocate general of the Army in October 2005. With the elevation of the office to three-star in 2008, Black was nominated for promotion to lieutenant general,[275] and assumed the rank in December 2008.
Vice Admiral Henry H. Mauz Jr., commander of U.S. Seventh Fleet, was dual-hatted as commander of U.S. Naval Forces Central Command in August 1990.[276] The incumbent commander, Captain Robert Sutton, was not appointed to the rank of vice admiral and was thus reassigned as commander of the U.S. Naval Logistics Support Force under Mauz's command.[277]
A lower-level billet may be elevated to three-stars, in accordance with being designated as a position of importance, to highlight importance to the defense apparatus or achieve parity with equivalent commands in the same area of responsibility or service branch.
A four-star billet may also be reduced to three-stars, usually to compensate for another billet being elevated to four-star level and thus remain within statutory limits.
The standard tour length for a three-star officer is three years, specifically a two-year term with a one-year extension. Unlike with four-star ranks, many three-star positions have stipulated term lengths in the U.S. Code:
Deputy commanders of unified combatant commands, as a joint duty assignment, serve for one to two years.
Inspectors general of the Army, Navy, and Air Force serve for a nominal four-year term.
Judge advocates general of the Army, Navy, and Air Force serve for a nominal four-year term.
Three-star chiefs of service reserve components serve for a nominal four-year term in office, but may serve for up to eight years if reappointed to serve for a second term. Typically, a reserve component chief serves for two to three years.
Three-star chiefs of Army branches,[n] (except the judge advocate general) serve for a nominal four-year term.[215]
The surgeon general of the United States serves for a nominal four-year term.[292]
All appointees serve at the pleasure of the president. Extensions of the standard tour length can be approved, within statutory limits, by their respective service secretaries, the secretary of defense, the president, and/or Congress but these are rare, as they block other officers from being promoted. Some statutory limits of tour length under the U.S. Code can be waived in times of national emergency or war.[293][294] Three-star grades may also be given by act of Congress but this is extremely rare.
Rear Admiral John D. Bulkeley was promoted to vice admiral on the retired list in the Senate by unanimous voice vote in 1988,[295] in recognition of his years of service to the country, including the rescue of General Douglas MacArthur from Corregidor that earned him the Medal of Honor.[296]
Retirementedit
Besides voluntary retirement, statute sets a number of mandates for retirement. A three-star officer may serve for a maximum of 38 years of commissioned service unless reappointed to rank to serve longer or appointed to a higher rank.[297] Three-star officers on reserve active duty must retire after five years in grade or 30 days after completion of 38 years of commissioned service, whichever is later, unless reappointed to rank to serve longer.[298] Three-star reserve officers of the Army and Air Force can have their retirements deferred by their service secretary until the officer's 66th birthday,[299] which the secretary of defense may do for all active-duty officers,[300] and the president can defer it until the officer's 68th birthday.[300] Otherwise all general and flag officers must retire the month after their 64th birthday.[300] Officers that served several years in the enlisted ranks prior to receiving their commission typically don't make it to the 38 years in commission mark, because they are still subject to the age restrictions for retirement.
Lieutenant General Sidney Bryan Berry is the last superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy not subject to the mandates for retirement, serving as commanding general of V Corps from 1977 to 1980 after his tenure as superintendent from 1974 to 1976.[309] His successor, General Andrew J. Goodpaster is the latest retired officer recalled to serve as superintendent, serving from 1977 to 1981.
Rear Admiral Thomas C. Lynch is the last superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy not subject to the mandates for retirement, serving as director of the Navy staff from 1994 to 1995 after his tenure as superintendent from 1991 to 1994. His successor, Admiral Charles R. Larson is the last four-star admiral to serve as superintendent, from 1994 to 1998.[310]
Major General Robert E. Kelley is the last superintendent of the U.S. Air Force Academy not subject to the mandates for retirement, serving as the vice commander of Tactical Air Command from 1983 to 1986 after his tenure as superintendent from 1981 to 1983.
Senior officers typically retire well in advance of the statutory age and service limits, so as not to impede the upward career mobility of their juniors. The higher number of available three-star slots overall (ranging from around 100 to 200) means that lateral promotion is more likely for three-star officers before they either retire or are appointed to a higher rank.[o] An officer who vacates a position bearing that rank has no more than 60 days to be appointed or reappointed to a position of equal or greater importance, including positions of four-star rank, before involuntary retirement.[238]
For example, Lieutenant General H. Steven Blum was appointed as deputy commander of U.S. Northern Command in 2009. The incumbent deputy commander, Lieutenant General William G. Webster Jr., was appointed as commanding general of U.S. Army Central, whose incumbent commanding general, Lieutenant General James J. Lovelace Jr., received no further appointment and retired at the age of 60, with 39 years of service and six years in rank.
Rear Admiral Ronald A. Route was promoted to vice admiral and appointed as naval inspector general in 2004. The incumbent inspector general, Vice Admiral Albert T. Church, was appointed as director of the Navy staff, whose incumbent director, Vice Admiral Patricia A. Tracey, received no further appointment and retired at the age of 52, with 34 years of service and six years in rank.
Major General William H. Etter was promoted to lieutenant general and appointed as commander of First Air Force in 2013. The incumbent commander, Lieutenant General Stanley E. Clarke III, was appointed as director of the Air National Guard, whose incumbent director, Lieutenant General Harry M. Wyatt III, received no further appointment and retired at the age of 63, with 42 years of service and four years in rank.
Rear Admiral Steven D. Poulin was promoted to vice admiral and appointed as commander of the Coast Guard Atlantic Area in 2020. The incumbent commander, Vice Admiral Scott A. Buschman, was appointed as deputy commandant for operations; the incumbent deputy commandant, Vice Admiral Daniel B. Abel, received no further appointment and retired at the age of 59, with 37 years of service and two years in rank.
A three-star officer may also be reduced to their permanent rank, and equivalent pay grade, in circumstances where reappointment to three-star rank is delayed. Historically, officers leaving three-star or four-star positions were allowed to revert to their permanent two-star ranks to mark time in lesser jobs until statutory retirement, but now such officers are expected to retire immediately to avoid obstructing the promotion flow.
For example, Lieutenant General Timothy J. Kadavy reverted to his permanent grade of major general while awaiting confirmation as vice chief of the National Guard Bureau in 2019,[311] as he had not been assigned to another three-star position within 60 days of his relief as director of the Army National Guard.[p] After his nomination was returned to the president without action,[312] he was certified to retire as a lieutenant general in 2020.[313]
Vice Admiral John Poindexter reverted to his permanent grade of rear admiral in 1986, as he was not appointed by the Senate to another three-star post within 90 days after resigning as national security advisor to the president due to controversy surrounding the Iran-Contra affair,[314] and was reassigned to the Navy staff until retirement in 1987.[315] His request to retire as a vice admiral was deferred by the secretary of the Navy due to expected congressional opposition.[316][315]
To retire at three-star rank, or pay grade of rank, an officer must accumulate at least three years of satisfactory active-duty service in that rank, as determined by the secretary of defense.[317] The president and Congress must also receive certification by either the under secretary of defense for personnel and readiness, the deputy under secretary of defense for personnel and readiness, or the secretary of defense that the retiree served satisfactorily in rank.[317] The secretary of defense may reduce this requirement to two years, but only if the officer is not being investigated for misconduct.[318] The president may also reduce these requirements even further, or waive the requirements altogether, if he so chooses.[317][318] Three-star officers who do not meet the service-in-rank requirement will retire at the last permanent rank satisfactorily held for six months.[317] The retiree may also be subject to congressional approval by the Senate before the retiree can retire in grade. It is extraordinarily rare for a three-star or four-star officer not to be certified to retire in grade or for the Senate to seek final approval.
For example, Lieutenant General Brent Scowcroft was certified by the Senate in 1975 to retire as a lieutenant general despite holding said grade for only a year as national security advisor to the president.[319]
Lieutenant General Craig A. Franklin retired on 1 April 2014,[320] with two years and two days in grade, in response to charges of partiality in overseeing cases of sexual assault in Third Air Force.[321] Despite not being penalized for misconduct, his retirement before accumulating statutory time in grade resulted in his reduction to major general on the retired list.[322]
Lieutenant General Ronald F. Lewis was relieved as senior military assistant to the secretary of defense on 12 November 2015, with approximately four months in grade.[323] He subsequently reverted to his permanent grade of major general[q] pending an investigation by the Department of Defense inspector general for misconduct.[324][325] His certification of satisfactory service as a major general was revoked,[326] thus reducing his retirement grade to brigadier general.[327]
Officers who are under investigation for misconduct typically are not allowed to retire until the investigation completes, so that the secretary of defense can decide whether to certify that their performance was satisfactory enough to retire in their highest grade.[317]
For example, Lieutenant General Lee K. Levy II relinquished his three-star command in 2018,[328] but remained on active duty for over a year after his retirement ceremony in his permanent grade of major general[r] pending an investigation by the Air Force inspector general,[329] before being allowed to retire as a major general.[330][331]
Vice Admiral Michael H. Miller relinquished his three-star command as scheduled in 2014,[332] but remained on active duty for almost a year in his permanent grade of rear admiral[s] while under investigation for the Fat Leonard corruption scandal.[333] He was permitted to retire at three-star grade after being censured by the secretary of the Navy.[334]
Furthermore, all retired officers may still be subjected to the Uniform Code of Military Justice and disciplinary action, including reduction in retirement grade, by the secretary of defense or the president if they are deemed to have served unsatisfactorily in grade, after their retirement.[335]
Lieutenant General Philip R. Kensinger Jr., who retired from the Army as a lieutenant general, faced court martial and demotion nearly two years after his retirement date of 1 February 2006,[336][337] for making false statements regarding the Pat Tillman friendly fire incident.[338] He was allowed to retain his three-star rank and accompanying pay grade after the secretary of the Army opted not to pursue the heavier punishment, instead issuing Kensinger an official reprimand and censure.[339]
Officers holding a temporary three-star or four-star rank typically step down from their posts up to 60 days in advance of their official retirement dates. Officers retire on the first day of the month, so once a retirement month has been selected, the relief and retirement ceremonies are scheduled by counting backwards from that date by the number of days of accumulated leave remaining to the retiring officer. During this period, termed transition leave or terminal leave, the officer is considered to be awaiting retirement but still on active duty.
For example, Lieutenant General Donald C. Wurster was relieved as commander of Air Force Special Operations Command on 24 June 2011,[340] and held his retirement ceremony the same day, but remained on active duty until his official retirement date on 1 August 2011.
A statutory limit can be waived by the president with the consent of Congress if it serves national interest. However, this is extremely rare. Only two four-star officers have been granted such a waiver in American history: General Lewis B. Hershey, who served as director of the Selective Service System from 1941 to 1970, and Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, who served as director of Naval Reactors from 1949 to 1982.
^First joint assignments, then service assignments ordered identically to the above list.
^An officer being reappointed to three-star grade takes precedence over a two-star officer being selected for promotion to three-star grade.
^Dividing the total number of allotted general and flag officers in three stars (148) from the total number of general and flag officers overall (625) is 23.68%.
^The remainder after subtracting 19 four-star officers from the 68 officers above two-star rank permitted exclusionary joint duty assignments is 49.
^Since passage of the Presidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act of 2011, U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps officers do not require their appointments to be confirmed by the Senate. The corps' sole three-star officer, the surgeon general, requires Senate confirmation based on their office, not rank.[239]
^Special promotion authority to three-star grade for service reserve and National Guard leaders had existed since 1999 under 10 U.S.C. § 12505;[279] the 2001 NDAA repealed this section and assigned the affected positions with statutory three-star ranks under standard promotion authority.
^Rear Admiral John B. Totushek, chief of Navy Reserve, was promoted to vice admiral in June 2001.[280]
^Major General James E. Sherrard III, chief of Air Force Reserve, was promoted to lieutenant general in May 2001.[281]
^Major General Thomas J. Plewes, chief of Army Reserve, and Major General Roger C. Schultz, Army National Guard director were promoted to lieutenant general in June 2001.[282]
^Major General Dennis M. McCarthy was promoted to lieutenant general on 1 June 2001, one day prior to assuming command of Marine Forces Reserve on 2 June.[283]
^Lieutenant General Daniel James III became the first three-star Air National Guard director in June 2002.[284]
^as Air Training Command, before consolidating with the Air University
^This is less likely for officers in specialized career paths, as few appointments at that level exist for them to occupy. A majority of these appointments are the singular leadership positions of the career path, such as the Judge Advocate General of the Navy which is the highest position a Navy judge advocate can attain.
^Served as a special assistant to the chief of the National Guard Bureau from 2019 to 2020 as a major general.
^Served as a special assistant to the vice chief of staff of the Army as a major general from 2015 to his retirement in 2016.
^Served as a special assistant to the Air Force vice chief of staff as a major general from 2018 to his retirement in 2019.
^Served as a special assistant to the superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy as a rear admiral from 2014 to his retirement in 2015.
Referencesedit
^"Lieutenant General Ronald P. Clark (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Jeffrey A. Kruse". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
^Perry, Thomas (21 December 2023). "Lt. Gen. Gregory Masiello takes charge of DCMA". DVIDS. Fort Gregg-Adams: Defense Contract Management Agency. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Telita Crosland (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Robert J. Skinner". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Mark T. Simerly". Defense Logistics Agency. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General Heath A. Collins". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Douglas A. Sims II (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Michael J. Schmidt". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Michele H. Bredenkamp (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General John D. Caine". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Andrew M. Rohling (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
^"Vice Admiral Shoshana S. Chatfield". NATO. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General Antonio M. Fletcher (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Vice Admiral Jeffrey W. Hughes". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
^"Lieutenant General Antonio A. Aguto, Jr. (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Michael R. Fenzel (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Robert A. Rasch, Jr. (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Paul A. Chamberlain (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Donna W. Martin (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Laura A. Potter (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General Douglas F. Stitt (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Anthony R. Hale (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General Patrick E. Matlock (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Heidi J. Hoyle (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General John B. Morrison Jr. (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Karl H. Gingrich (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
^"Promotion Ceremony iho MG Karl Gingrich". DVIDS. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General Kevin Vereen (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Stuart W. Risch (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Paul T. Calvert (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Jody J. Daniels (USAR)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Richard R. Coffman (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Major General David M. Hodne (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^"Director, Futures and Concepts Center" (PDF). U.S. Army. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
^Gully, Megan (8 December 2022). "Senior Commander highlights Redstone teamwork". DVIDS. Huntsville, Alabama: U.S. Army Materiel Command. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
^"Lieutenant General Christopher O. Mohan (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lt. Gen. Omar Jones assumes command of IMCOM". U.S. Army. Joint Base San Antonio, Texas: U.S. Army Installation Management Command Public Affairs. 6 July 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Maria R. Gervais (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Milford H. Beagle, Jr. (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Patrick D. Frank (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Maria B. Barrett (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General James B. Jarrard (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General John R. Evans, Jr. (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Jonathan P. Braga (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Commander, Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense (JFCC IMD)". Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
^"Lieutenant General Sean A. Gainey (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
^Cutshaw, Jason (4 January 2024). "Strategic leader prepares for next chapter". DVIDS. Redstone Arsenal, Alabama: U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General Robert M. Collins (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General Scott A. Spellmon (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Mary K. Izaguirre (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General Steven W. Gilland (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Vice Admiral Francis Morley". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^"Vice Admiral John Fuller". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^"Vice Admiral Darse E. "Del" Crandall Jr". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^"Director, Marine Corps Staff - Lt Gen Gregg P. Olson". Office of the Director, Marine Corps Staff. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General James F. Glynn" (PDF). Office of the Deputy Commandant for Manpower and Reserve Affairs. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^"Leaders - Deputy Commandant for Plans, Policies, and Operations". Office of the Deputy Commandant for Plans, Policies, and Operations. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General Bradford J. Gering". Marine Corps Aviation. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
^"Lieutenant General Edward D. Banta". Office of the Deputy Commandant, Installations and Logistics. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General Karsten S. Heckl". Office of the Deputy Commandant for Combat Development and Integration. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General James H. Adams III". U.S. Marine Corps. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Matthew G. Glavy". Office of the Deputy Commandant for Information. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^A Review of the President's Fiscal Year 2024 Budget Request for the National Guard and Reserve. U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations (video). Dirksen Senate Office Building. 1 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
^"Vice Admiral Rick Cheeseman". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^"Vice Admiral Karl Thomas". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^ ab"United States Navy Flag Officers (Public), February 2024" (PDF). MyNavyHR. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
^"Vice Admiral Eugene "Gene" H. Black III". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^"Vice Admiral Jeffrey T. Jablon". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^"Vice Admiral Daniel Dwyer". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^"Vice Admiral John B. "Brad" Skillman". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
^ ab"United States Navy Flag Officers (Public), January 2024" (PDF). MyNavyHR. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
^"Vice Admiral James Pitts". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
^"Vice Admiral John Mustin". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^"Vice Admiral Kelly Aeschbach". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^Stoner, Cameron (11 September 2021). "Submarine Force Holds Change of Command". DVIDS. Norfolk, Virginia: Commander, Submarine Force Atlantic. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
^"Vice Admiral Robert Gaucher". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
^"Vice Admiral Brendan McLane". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^Anderson, Zachary (21 December 2023). "Commander, Naval Surface Forces, Holds Change of Command". DVIDS. Naval Base San Diego: Commander, Naval Surface Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^"Vice Admiral John Gumbleton". U.S. Fleet Forces Command. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
^"Vice Admiral Douglas G. Perry, Commander, U.S. 2nd Fleet". U.S. Second Fleet. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
^"Vice Admiral Thomas E. Ishee". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^"Vice Admiral Blake L. Converse". U.S. Pacific Fleet. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
^Chapman, Mikal (21 December 2023). "Commander, Naval Surface Forces, Change of Command". DVIDS. Naval Base San Diego: Commander, Naval Surface Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^"Vice Admiral Michael Boyle". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^"Vice Admiral Fred Kacher". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
^"Vice Admiral George M. Wikoff". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
^"Vice Admiral Craig A. "Clap" Clapperton". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^"Vice Admiral James Downey". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
^"NAVSEA Change of Command". DVIDS. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^"Vice Admiral Carl P. Chebi". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General Stacey T. Hawkins". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General John P. Healy". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Tony D. Bauernfeind". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Randall Reed". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Laura L. Lenderman" (PDF). Pacific Air Forces. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
^"Lieutenant General David R. Iverson". Seventh Air Force. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General John D. Lamontagne". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Michael A. Loh". Air National Guard. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
^"Lieutenant General DeAnna M. Burt". U.S. Space Force. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
^"Lieutenant General Shawn N. Bratton". U.S. Space Force. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
^"Webcast: SpOC Change of Command Stream". DVIDS. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^"Lieutenant General Philip A. Garrant". U.S. Space Force. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
^"SecAF redesignates Space Operations Command West as US Space Forces – Space". U.S. Space Force. Arlington, Virginia: Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs. 12 December 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
^"Vice Admiral Peter W. Gautier". U.S. Coast Guard. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^"Vice Admiral Paul F. Thomas". U.S. Coast Guard. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^"Vice Admiral Kevin E. Lunday". U.S. Coast Guard. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^"Vice Admiral Andrew J. Tiongson". U.S. Coast Guard. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^"PN1258 — Lt. Gen. Alexus G. Grynkewich — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
^"General Officer Announcements". U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
^"PN386 — Maj. Gen. John W. Brennan Jr. — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 6 March 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
^ abcSenate Session, Part 3. C-SPAN (video). 26 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
^"PN1296 — Maj. Gen. Thomas M. Carden Jr. — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 10 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
^"General Officer Announcements". U.S. Department of Defense. 11 January 2024.
^"PN934 — Maj. Gen. Sean M. Farrell — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 5 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
^"General Officer Announcements". U.S. Department of Defense. 6 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
^"PN938 — Maj. Gen. Stephen G. Smith — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 5 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
^Shane, Leo (7 December 2023). "23 top military leaders still in limbo after nominations blockade ends". Marine Corps Times. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^"PN687 — Lt. Gen. John S. Kolasheski — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 30 May 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
^"PN1115 — Maj. Gen. Christopher C. LaNeve — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 1 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^"General Officer Announcement". U.S. Department of Defense. 7 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
^"Webcast: Promotion Ceremony iho MG Christopher C. LaNeve". DVIDS. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
^"PN820 — Maj. Gen. Charles D. Costanza — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 11 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
^"PN1496 — Maj. Gen. Eric E. Austin — Marine Corps, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 12 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^ ab"General Officer Announcements". U.S. Department of Defense. 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^"PN491 — Maj. Gen. Ryan P. Heritage — Marine Corps, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 30 March 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
^"General Officer Announcements". U.S. Department of Defense. 31 March 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
^"PN1505 — Lt. Gen. James F. Glynn — Marine Corps, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 14 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
^ ab"General Officer Announcements". U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
^"PN539 — Maj. Gen. Leonard F. Anderson IV — Marine Corps, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 20 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
^"General Officer Announcements". U.S. Department of Defense. 24 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
^"PN1495 — Maj. Gen. Derek C. France — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 12 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^"PN1503 — Maj. Gen. Duke A. Pirak — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 14 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
^"PN1301 — Rear Adm. Thomas G. Allan Jr. — Coast Guard, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Coast Guard. 10 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
^"PN1302 — Rear Adm. Nathan A. Moore — Coast Guard, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Coast Guard. 10 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
^"PN1221 — Vivek Hallegere Murthy — Department of State, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 8 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
^Tribune News Service (5 October 2022). "Dr Vivek Murthy on WHO board as US representative". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
^Mason, Jeff (6 October 2022). "Exclusive: Biden to nominate U.S. surgeon general to join WHO executive board, official says". Reuters. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
^10 U.S.C. § 526 - Authorized strength: general officers and flag officers on active duty.
^ abcdefg10 U.S.C. § 525 – Distribution of commissioned officers on active duty in general officer and flag officer grades.
^10 U.S.C. § 7037 – Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate General, and general officers of Judge Advocate General's Corps: appointment; duties.
^ ab"U.S. Navy Vice Admiral - Pay Grade and Rank Details". FederalPay. Archived from the original on 2 July 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
^10 U.S.C. § 8036 – Deputy Chiefs of Naval Operations.
^"U.S. Marine Corps Lieutenant General - Pay Grade and Rank Details". FederalPay. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
^ ab"U.S. Coast Guard Vice Admiral - Pay Grade and Rank Details". FederalPay. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
^42 U.S.C. § 207 – Grades, ranks, and titles of commissioned corps.
^Adams, Amilynn E. (9 December 2016). "NOAA Corps Commissioned Personnel Center". NOAA Commissioned Personnel Center Cyberflash. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
^ ab10 U.S.C. § 526 – Authorized strength: general and flag officers on active duty.
^ ab10 U.S.C. § 604 – Senior joint officer positions: recommendations to the Secretary of Defense.
^ abc10 U.S.C. § 528 – Officers serving in certain intelligence positions: military status; exclusion from distribution and strength limitations; pay and allowances.
^10 U.S.C. § 527 – Authority to suspend sections 523, 525, and 526.
^ abcdef10 U.S.C. § 601 – Positions of importance and responsibility: generals and lieutenant generals; admirals and vice admirals.
^"S.679 - Presidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act of 2011, 112th Congress (2011-2012)". U.S. Congress. 10 August 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
^"PN762 — Maj. Gen. Ryan F. Gonsalves — Army, 115th Congress (2017-2018)". U.S. Congress. 13 July 2017. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Myers, Meghann (6 January 2018). "Army 2-star loses promotion after calling congressional staffer 'sweetheart'". Army Times. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^ ab"PN832 — Rear Adm. Elizabeth L. Train — Navy, 114th Congress (2015-2016)". U.S. Congress. 15 September 2015. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Larter, David (1 April 2016). "Navy withdraws intel boss nominee, furthering uncertainty". Navy Times. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^"PN207 – Lt. Gen. Susan J. Helms – Air Force, 113th Congress (2013–2014)". U.S. Congress. 7 November 2013. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"Senator puts hold on Air Force officer's promotion". Fox News. Associated Press. 25 April 2013. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
^"Helms Nomination Withdrawn". Air Force Magazine. 18 November 2013. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
^Carroll, Chris (8 November 2013). "Helms nomination for Space Command withdrawn". Stars and Stripes. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022.
^Harris, Shane; Lubold, Gordon (27 June 2014). "Obama Poised to Yank Top Military Intel Pick". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
^Matishak, Martin (2 May 2014). "Rep. Hunter opposes possible nominee to lead Pentagon spy agency". The Hill. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
^"General Surprises Fort Sill Crowd With Retirement". The Oklahoman. Fort Sill, Oklahoma: Associated Press. 20 July 1991. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
^"PN239 – Maj. Gen. Raphael J. Hallada – Army, 102nd Congress (1991–1992)". U.S. Congress. 25 September 1991. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"Soldiers Charged in Artillery Accident That Killed Three". AP News. Fort Sill, Oklahoma: Associated Press. 21 October 1989. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^"Trial ruled out in Fort Sill deaths". Tulsa World. Fort Sill, Oklahoma: Associated Press. 30 December 1989. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
^"PN420 – Maj. Gen. Joseph J. Taluto – Army, 111th Congress (2009–2010)". U.S. Congress. 19 May 2010. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Esposito, Siobhan (14 May 2009). "Siobhan Esposito's Blog: Fragging Widow Slams Taluto as Unfit to Lead Guard". Siobhan Esposito's Blog. Alexandria, Virginia. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
^Franco, James (29 January 2010). "Gen. Taluto quits nomination, retires". Troy Record. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
^"PN1287 – Rear Adm. Elizabeth A. Hight – Navy, 110th Congress (2007–2008)". U.S. Congress. 30 July 2008. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Brewin, Bob (20 June 2008). "Defense plans to withdraw Hight's nomination to head DISA". NextGov. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
^"Standing Rules of the Senate" (PDF). U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Publishing Office. 4 November 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"PN213 – Maj. Gen. Charles M. Gurganus – Marine Corps, 113th Congress (2013–2014)". U.S. Congress. 3 January 2014. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ abShanker, Thom (30 September 2013). "Two Marine Corps Generals Are Forced to Retire Over Fatal Security Breach". The New York Times. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
^Carroll, Chris (30 September 2013). "Two Marine generals fired in wake of brazen Taliban attack on Camp Bastion". Stars and Stripes. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
^Woolbright, Matt (14 June 2014). "Abel takes control of Alaska Coast Guard". Peninsula Clarion. Morris News-Service Alaska. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
^"PN1547 – Rear Adm. Thomas P. Ostebo – Coast Guard, 113th Congress (2013–2014)". U.S. Congress. 7 December 2014. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Wyden, Ronald Lee (18 November 2014). "Letter from Senator Ron Wyden to Senator Harry Reid" (PDF). Oregon Live. Dirksen Senate Office Building: United States Senate. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
^"Rossi confirmed for appointment to SMDC". U.S. Army. Redstone Arsenal, Alabama: USASMDC/ARSTRAT Public Affairs. 16 May 2016. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"PN1329 — Maj. Gen. John G. Rossi — Army, 114th Congress (2015-2016)". U.S. Congress. 14 April 2016. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"Army: Two-star general committed suicide on Alabama military base". CBS News. Washington, D.C.: Associated Press. 28 October 2016. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
^"PN1823 — Maj. Gen. James H. Dickinson — Army, 114th Congress (2015-2016)". U.S. Congress. 15 November 2016. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Eckstein, Megan (8 May 2018). "VADM Stearney Takes Command of 5th Fleet; RADM Corey Takes Over PEO Unmanned Aviation and Strike Weapons". USNI News. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
^"PN2124 – Rear Adm. James J. Malloy – Navy, 115th Congress (2017–2018)". U.S. Congress. 28 June 2018. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Karsten, Joshua (7 December 2018). "Malloy assumes command of 5th Fleet following Stearney's death". Stars and Stripes. Manama, Bahrain. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
^U.S. Special Operations Command: Challenges and Opportunities. U.S. Government Publishing Office. 21 September 2010. p. 42. ISBN 9780160865350. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"PN2075 – Maj. Gen. Scott C. Black – Army, 110th Congress (2007–2008)". U.S. Congress. 22 September 2008. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Anchor of Resolve: A History of US Naval Forces Central Command(PDF). p. 38. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"Sutton" (PDF). Surface Navy Association. 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
^"PUBLIC LAW 106–398—OCT. 30, 2000, National Defense Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2001" (PDF). U.S. Government Publishing Office. 30 October 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"10 USC 12505: Selection of officers for certain senior reserve component positions". www.uscode.house.gov. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
^Hearings on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002--H.R. 2586 and Oversight of Previously Authorized Programs, Before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session: Military Personnel Subcommittee Hearings on Title IV--personnel Authorizations, Title V--military Personnel Policy, Title VI--compensation and Other Personnel Benefits, Title VII--health Care Provisions, Hearings Held June 21, and July 18, 2001. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2001. p. 374. ISBN 9780160688713. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"Lieutenant General James E. Sherrard III". U.S. Air Force. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Hilkert, David E. (2004). Chiefs of the Army Reserve: Biographical Sketches of the United States Army Reserve's Senior Officers. Fort McPherson, Georgia: Office of Army Reserve History, U.S. Army Reserve Command. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"Lieutenant General Dennis M. McCarthy". U.S. Marine Corps. Archived from the original on 3 August 2004. Retrieved 3 August 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"Lieutenant General Daniel James III". U.S. Air Force. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"PN1735 – Maj. Gen. Joseph L. Lengyel – Air Force, 112th Congress (2011–2012)". U.S. Congress. 26 July 2012. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Greenhill, Jim (26 July 2012). "Chief, vice chief of National Guard Bureau confirmed". DVIDS. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"MARINE CORPS BULLETIN 5400" (PDF). U.S. Marine Corps. Headquarters Marine Corps. 17 January 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Bonjoc, Mellizza (3 August 2020). "Change of Command Ceremony for Training and Education Command [Image 3 of 3]". DVIDS. Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia: Defense Media Activity - Marines. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Christenson, Sig (28 February 2015). "Training Command loses a star". San Antonio Express-News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
^"Roberson takes command of AETC". Joint Base San Antonio. Air Education and Training Command Public Affairs. 22 July 2015. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^42 U.S.C. § 205 – Appointment and tenure of office of Surgeon General; reversion in rank.
^10 U.S.C. § 152 – Chairman: appointment; grade and rank
^"PN1315 – Rear Adm. John D. Bulkeley – Navy, 100th Congress (1987–1988)". U.S. Congress. 10 August 1988. Archived from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"Vice Admiral John Duncan Bulkeley, USN (Retired), (1911–1996)". Naval History and Heritage Command. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^10 U.S.C. § 636 – Retirement for years of service: regular officers in grades above brigadier general and rear admiral (lower half).
^10 U.S.C. § 14508(d) – Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve general and flag officers
^10 U.S.C. § 14508(g) – Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve general and flag officers
^ abc10 U.S.C. § 1253 – Age 64: regular commissioned officers in general and flag officer grades; exception
^10 U.S.C. § 7433a – Superintendent: condition for detail to position.
^10 U.S.C. § 9433a – Superintendent: condition for detail to position.
^ abc10 U.S.C. § 7321 – Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Military Academy; waiver authority.
^ abc10 U.S.C. § 8371 – Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy; waiver authority.
^ abc10 U.S.C. § 9321 – Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy; waiver authority.
^Martin, Douglas (17 July 2013). "Lt. Gen. Sidney Berry, West Point Chief, Dies at 87". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^Scott, Shane (2 March 1997). "At the academy's helm Superintendent: Adm. Charles R. Larson could have retired in 1994 after a distinguished naval career. Instead, he returned to Annapolis to resurrect his beloved Naval Academy". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^"PN460 – Lt. Gen. Timothy J. Kadavy – Army, 116th Congress (2019–2020)". U.S. Congress. 5 March 2019. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Crawford, Lisa (3 August 2020). "LTG Timothy J. Kadavy retires after 36 years of service". Flickr. Lincoln, Nebraska: Nebraska National Guard. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
^Glass, Andrew (25 November 2016). "Iran-Contra dealings revealed, Nov. 25, 1986". Politico. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^ abMoore, Molly (26 September 1987). "Poindexter to Retire Without Third Star". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^Moore, Molly (28 August 1987). "Poindexter Asks to Retire with Third Star". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^Peters, Heidi; Kapp, Lawrence; McInnis, Kathleen (2 March 2017). "Precedent for the Service of Active Duty Three-Star Generals and Flag Officers as the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs" (PDF). Federation of American Scientists. Congressional Research Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^Whitlock, Craig (8 January 2014). "Air Force general to retire after criticism for handling of sexual-assault case". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
^Childress, Sarah (4 September 2013). "Emails Shed New Light on Military Sexual Assault Case". PBS News. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^Montgomery, Nancy (9 January 2014). "Franklin will retire as a two-star, officials say". Stars and Stripes. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^Ryan, Missy; Whitlock, Craig (12 November 2015). "Pentagon chief Ashton Carter just fired his top military aide over 'misconduct'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 3 December 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
^"Report of Investigation: Ronald F. Lewis, Major General, U.S. Army" (PDF). U.S. Department of Defense. Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense. 4 October 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Cooper, Helene (6 October 2016). "Army General Used Government Credit Card at Strip Clubs, Pentagon Says". The New York Times. Washington, D. C. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^McCausland, Phil; Kube, Courtney (9 February 2017). "Former Major General Demoted in Retirement for Using Credit Card at Strip Clubs". NBC News. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
^"Army demotes former defense secretary's 3-star aide after scathing IG investigation". Army Times. 9 February 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
^"Air Force Sustainment Center Change of Command and Retirement Ceremony". DVIDS. 105th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment. 8 July 2018. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^Roza, David (3 December 2019). "'If he was on the battlefield, he probably would've been shot in the back' — Inside the toxic command of Air Force Lt. Gen. Lee Levy". Task & Purpose. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
^"Major General Lee K. Levy II". U.S. Air Force. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Losey, Stephen (26 November 2019). "'Oink, oink.' Lieutenant general belittled staff, mocked female airman's weight, IG found. It cost him a star". Air Force Times. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^Brown, Matthew Hay (23 July 2014). "New superintendent says Naval Academy will meet evolving challenges". The Baltimore Sun. Annapolis, Maryland. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^Prudente, Tim (12 February 2015). "Admiral working at Naval Academy while under investigation". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^Larter, David (18 July 2015). "Navy rebukes 3 admirals for accepting dinners, gifts". Navy Times. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^Goldman, Adam; Whitlock, Craig (7 December 2015). "Army recommends no further punishment for Petraeus". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
^"Demotion Expected for Role in Tillman Case". The New York Times. Washington, D. C. 27 July 2007. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^Geren, Preston Murdoch (30 July 2007). "MEMORANDUM FOR THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE ARMY (MANPOWER AND RESERVE AFFAIRS)" (PDF). The Washington Post. Washington, D. C.: Office of the United States Secretary of the Army. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^Leary, Warren (30 May 2004). "Army: Tillman was likely killed by friendly fire". The Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^Read, Morgan (1 August 2007). "Army censures general over Tillman case". Reuters. Washington, D. C. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^2011 Congressional Record, Vol. 157, Page E1149 (June 21, 2011) – Recognizing the Dedicated Service of Lieutenant General Donald C. Wurster, United States Air Force. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.