The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in a number of spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨f⟩.
Voiceless labiodental fricative | |
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f | |
IPA Number | 128 |
Audio sample | |
source · help | |
Encoding | |
Entity (decimal) | f |
Unicode (hex) | U+0066 |
X-SAMPA | f |
Braille |
Voiceless labiodental approximant | |
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ʋ̥ | |
IPA Number | 150 402A |
Encoding | |
X-SAMPA | P_0 |
Some scholars also posit the voiceless labiodental approximant distinct from the fricative. The approximant may be represented in the IPA as ⟨ʋ̥⟩.
Features of the voiceless labiodental fricative:
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abkhaz | фы/fy | [fə] | 'lightning' | See Abkhaz phonology | |
Adyghe | тфы/tfy | 'five' | Corresponds to [xʷ] in Kabardian and Proto-Circassian | ||
Albanian | faqe | [facɛ] | 'cheek' | ||
Arabic | Modern Standard[1] | ظرف/th'arf | [ðˤɑrf] | 'envelope' | See Arabic phonology |
Armenian | Eastern[2] | ֆուտբոլ/futbol | 'football' | ||
Assyrian | ܦܬܐ pata | [fɔθɔ] | 'face' | Used mostly by Western speakers; corresponds to /p/ in most other dialects. | |
Assamese | বৰফ/borof | [bɔɹɔf] | 'snow/ice' | ||
Azeri | tüfəng | [t̪y̆fæɲɟ] | 'ɡun' | ||
Basque | fin | [fin] | 'thin' | ||
Bengali | ফুল/ful | [ful] | 'flower' | Allophone of /pʰ/. See Bengali phonology | |
Catalan[3] | fort | [ˈfɔɾt] | 'strong' | See Catalan phonology | |
Chechen | факс / faks | [faks] | 'fax' | Used only in loanwords. There is no /f/ in Chechen; /f/ was replaced by /p/ in loanwords that contained it before increased influence from the Russian language popularized the usage of /f/. | |
Chinese | Cantonese | 飛 / fēi | 'to fly' | See Cantonese phonology | |
Mandarin | 飛 (traditional) / 飞(simplified) / fēi | See Mandarin phonology | |||
Coptic | ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ/ftoow | [ftow] | 'four' | ||
Czech | foukat | [ˈfoʊ̯kat] | 'to blow' | See Czech phonology | |
Dutch[4] | fiets | [fiːts] | 'bike' | See Dutch phonology | |
English | All dialects | fill | 'fill' | See English phonology | |
Cockney[5] | think | [fɪŋk] | 'think' | Socially marked,[6] with speakers exhibiting some free variation with [θ] (with which it corresponds to in other dialects).[7] See th-fronting. | |
Many British urban dialects[8] | |||||
Some younger East Anglian English | |||||
Some younger New Zealanders[9][10] | |||||
Broad South African[11] | myth | [mɨf] | 'myth' | Possible realization of /θ/, more common word-finally. See White SAE phonology. | |
Indian South African[12] | fair | [ʋ̥eː] | 'fair' | Described as an approximant. Corresponds to /f/ in other accents. | |
Esperanto | fajro | [ˈfajɾo] | 'fire' | See Esperanto phonology | |
Ewe[13] | eflen | [éflé̃] | 'he spit off' | ||
French[14] | fabuleuse | [fäbyˈløːz̪] | 'fabulous' | See French phonology | |
Galician | faísca | [faˈiska] | 'spark' | See Galician phonology | |
German | fade | [ˈfaːdə] | 'bland' | See Standard German phonology | |
Goemai | f'at' | [fat] | 'to blow' | ||
Greek | φύση / fysī | [ˈfisi] | 'nature' | See Modern Greek phonology | |
Gujarati | ફળ / faļ | [fəɭ] | 'fruit' | See Gujarati phonology | |
Hebrew | סופר/sofer | [so̞fe̞ʁ] | 'writer' | See Modern Hebrew phonology | |
Hindustani | साफ़ / صاف/saaf | [sɑːf] | 'clean' | See Hindustani phonology | |
Hungarian | figyel | [ˈfiɟɛl] | 'he/she pays attention' | See Hungarian phonology | |
Indonesian | fajar | [fadʒar] | 'dawn' | See Indonesian phonology | |
Italian | fantasma | [fän̪ˈt̪äzmä] | 'ghost' | See Italian phonology | |
Kabardian | фыз/fyz | [fəz] | 'woman' | Corresponds to [ʂʷ] in Adyghe and Proto-Circassian | |
Kabyle | afus | [afus] | |||
Kazakh | faqır / фақыр | [faqr] | 'poor' | ||
Khmer | កាហ្វេ / kahvé | [kaːfeː] | 'coffee' | See Khmer phonology | |
Macedonian | фонетика/fonetika | [fɔnetika] | 'phonetics' | See Macedonian phonology | |
Māori | whakapapa | [fakapapa] | 'genealogy' | Less commonly [ɸ]. See Māori phonology. | |
Malay | feri | [feri] | 'ferry' | Only occurs in loanwords | |
Malayalam | ഫലം/falam | [fɐlɐm] | 'fruit, result' | Only occurs in loanwords in the standard version. ഫ is used to represent both /pʰ/ and /f/ but nowadays most people pronounce /pʰ/ as [f]. Occurs in native words in the Jeseri dialect. | |
Maltese | fenek | [fenek] | 'rabbit' | ||
Norwegian | filter | [filtɛɾ] | 'filter' | See Norwegian phonology | |
Persian | فروخت/foruxt | [foru:χt] | 'he/she sold' | ||
Polish[15] | futro | 'fur' | See Polish phonology | ||
Portuguese[16] | fala | [ˈfalɐ] | 'speech' | See Portuguese phonology | |
Punjabi | ਫ਼ੌਜੀ/faujī | [fɔːd͡ʒi] | 'soldier' | ||
Romanian[17] | foc | [fo̞k] | 'fire' | See Romanian phonology | |
Russian[18] | орфография/orfografiya | [ɐrfɐˈɡrafʲɪjə] | 'orthography' | Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology | |
Serbo-Croatian[19] | фаза / faza | [fǎːz̪ä] | 'phase' | See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
Slovak | fúkať | [ˈfu̞ːkäc] | 'to blow' | See Slovak phonology | |
Slovene | Standard | flavta | [ˈfláːu̯t̪à] | 'flute' | See Slovene phonology |
Some dialects | vsi | [ˈfs̪î] | 'all (people)' | Allophone of /v/ before voiceless obstruents in dialects with /ʋ/ → /v/ development. See Slovene phonology | |
Somali | feex | [fɛħ] | 'wart' | See Somali phonology | |
Spanish[20] | fantasma | [fã̠n̪ˈt̪a̠zma̠] | 'ghost' | See Spanish phonology | |
Swahili | kufa | [kufɑ] | 'to die' | ||
Swedish | fisk | [ˈfɪsk] | 'fish' | See Swedish phonology | |
Thai | ฝน/fon | [fon˩˩˦] | 'rain' | ||
Toda | nes̲of | [nes̲of] | 'moon' | ||
Turkish | saf | [ˈs̟ɑf] | 'pure' | See Turkish phonology | |
Ukrainian[21] | Фастів/fastiv | [ˈfɑsʲtʲiw] | 'Fastiv' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
Vietnamese[22] | pháo | [faːw˧ˀ˥] | 'firecracker' | See Vietnamese phonology | |
Welsh | ffon | [fɔn] | 'stick' | See Welsh phonology | |
West Frisian | fol | [foɫ] | 'full' | See West Frisian phonology | |
Yi | ꃚ / fu | [fu˧] | 'roast' | ||
Zapotec | Tilquiapan[23] | cafe | [kafɘ] | 'coffee' | Used primarily in loanwords from Spanish |
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