Hermann Emil Fischer proposes the structure of purine, a key component in many biomolecules, which he synthesizes in 1898; he also begins work on the chemistry of glucose and related sugars.[2]
First known case of artificial insemination by sperm donation: William H. Pancoast, a professor in Philadelphia, takes sperm from his "best looking" student to inseminate an anesthetized woman without her knowledge, not reported for 25 years.[10][11][12]
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^Henry Louis Le Châtelier. Thomson Gale. 2005. Retrieved March 24, 2007. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
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^Rosenfeld, L. (1997). "Vitamine—vitamin: the early years of discovery". Clin Chem. 43 (4): 680–5. doi:10.1093/clinchem/43.4.680. PMID 9105273.
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^Hardy, A. (August 1999). "Food, hygiene, and the laboratory. A short history of food poisoning in Britain, circa 1850-1950". Social History of Medicine. 12 (2): 293–311. doi:10.1093/shm/12.2.293. PMID 11623930.
^At a medical congress in Heidelberg, Germany, September 15. Honegger, H.; Hessler, H. (September 1970). "[Discovery of local anesthesia by Karl Koller. I]". Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde (in German). 157 (3). West Germany: 428–38. ISSN 0023-2165. PMID 4922411.
^Enersen, Ole Daniel. "Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease". Whonamedit?. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2011.
^Yuko, Elizabeth (January 8, 2016). "The First Artificial Insemination Was an Ethical Nightmare". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
^Kramer, Wendy (May 10, 2016). "A Brief History of Donor Conception". HuffPost. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
^"Letter to the Editor: Artificial Impregnation". The Medical World: 163–164. April 1909. Archived from the original on July 24, 2012. (cited in Gregoire, A.; Mayer, R. (1964). "The impregnators". Fertility and Sterility. 16: 130–4. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)35476-0. PMID 14256095.)
^Petrunkevitch, Alexander (1920). "Russia's Contribution to Science". Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences. 23: 232.
^#33/256. Bollettino delle privative industriali del Regno d’Italia 2nd Series 15 (1884) pp. 635–655.
^McCallum, Iain (1999). Blood Brothers – Hiram and Hudson Maxim: Pioneers of Modern Warfare. London: Chatham Publishing. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-86176-096-8.
^Kane, Joseph Nathan (1997). Famous First Facts: A Record of First Happenings, Discoveries and Inventions in the United States (5th ed.). H. W. Wilson. p. 605. ISBN 0824209303.
^Winter, Lumen; Degner, Glenn (1933). Minute Epics of Flight. New York: Grosset & Dunlap. pp. 49–50.
^Moseley, Brian (August 2007). "Smeaton's Tower". The Encyclopaedia of Plymouth History. Plymouth Data. Archived from the original on March 16, 2011. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
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^"Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved July 23, 2020.