1993 in spaceflight

Summary

The following is an outline of 1993 in spaceflight.

1993 in spaceflight
Orbital launches
First12 January
Last22 December
Total83
Successes77
Failures4
Partial failures2
National firsts
Satellite Portugal
Rockets
Maiden flightsAriane 4 42L
Atlas IIAS
PSLV
Start-1
Crewed flights
Orbital9
Total travellers47

First Hubble repair mission edit

 
Musgrave being raised to the top of Hubble by Canadarm, as it sits in Endeavour's payload bay.
STS-61 was NASA's first Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission, and the fifth flight of the Space Shuttle Endeavour. The mission launched on December 2, 1993, from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. The mission restored the spaceborne observatory's vision (marred by spherical aberration in its mirror) with the installation of a new main camera and a corrective optics package (COSTAR). This correction occurred more than three and a half years after the Hubble was launched aboard STS-31 in April 1990. The flight also brought instrument upgrades and new solar arrays to the telescope. With its very heavy workload, the STS-61 mission was one of the most complex in the Shuttle's history.

Launches edit

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)
Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January edit

12 January
11:10:17
 Kosmos-3M  Plesetsk Site 133/3  VKS
 Kosmos 2230 (Tsikada) MO RF Low Earth Navigation In orbit Successful
13 January
01:49
 Molniya-M  Plesetsk Site 43/3  VKS
 Molniya-1-85 MOM Molniya Communications 15 November 2005 Successful
13 January
13:59:30[1]
 Space Shuttle Endeavour[2]  Kennedy LC-39B  United Space Alliance
 STS-54 NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment 19 January
13:37:47
Successful
 TDRS-6 (TDRS-F) NASA Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts
19 January
14:49:01
 Soyuz-U  Plesetsk Site 43/3  VKS
 Kosmos 2231 (Yantar-4K2-66) MOM Low Earth Reconnaissance 25 March Successful
24 January
05:58:05
 Soyuz-U2  Baikonur Site 1/5  VKS
 Soyuz TM-16 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Mir EO-13 22 July Successful
Crewed orbital flight with two cosmonauts
26 January
15:55:26
 Molniya-M  Plesetsk Site 16/2  VKS
 Kosmos 2232 (Oko) MOM Molniya Missile defence In orbit Operational
27 January
10:43:41
 Black Brant XII  Poker Flat  NASA
 PHAZE NASA Suborbital Ionosphere In orbit Failure
Apogee: 10 kilometres (6.2 mi); Failed before reaching space
28 January  HPB  Wake Island  Orbital Sciences
  US Air Force Suborbital Reentry vehicle test 28 January Successful
Apogee: 400 kilometres (250 mi)

February edit

3 February
02:55
 Delta II (7925)  Cape Canaveral LC-17A  McDonnell Douglas
 USA-88 (GPS IIA-9) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Successful
5 February
16:24
 Storm  White Sands SULF  US Air Force
  US Air Force Suborbital BTTV-3 Validation 5 February Successful
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi);
7 February  Prithvi  Balasore  DRDO
  DRDO Suborbital Missile test 7 February Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
8 February
20:00
 Black Brant IX  White Sands LC-36  NASA
  NASA Suborbital Solar 8 February Successful
Apogee: 289 kilometres (180 mi)
9 February
02:56:56
 Kosmos-3M  Plesetsk Site 133/3  VKS
 Kosmos 2233 (Parus) MO RF Low Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
9 February
14:30
 Pegasus  Kennedy Balls 8  Orbital Sciences
 Orbcomm CDS-1 Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 SCD-1 INPE Low Earth Enviromental In orbit Operational
11 February  HPB  Wake Island  Orbital Sciences
  Orbital Sciences Suborbital Re-entry vehicle test 11 February Failure
Apogee: 2 kilometres (1.2 mi)
17 February
20:09:47
 Proton-K/DM-2  Baikonur Site 81/23  VKS
 Kosmos 2234 (GLONASS) MOM Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
 Kosmos 2235 (GLONASS) MOM Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
 Kosmos 2236 (GLONASS) MOM Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
18 February
07:00
 S-520  Kagoshima LA-K  ISAS
 METS ISAS Suborbital Ionosphere and Plasma 18 February Successful
Apogee: 272 kilometres (169 mi)
19 February
13:45
 RH-560  Sriharikota  ISRO
  ISRO Suborbital Ionosphere 19 February Successful
Apogee: 290 kilometres (180 mi)
19 February
13:15
 RH-560  Sriharikota  ISRO
  ISRO Suborbital Ionosphere 19 February Successful
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
19 February
18:00
 Black Brant 9CM1  White Sands LC-36  Space Services Incorporated
 CONSORT-6 SSI Suborbital Microgravity 19 February Successful
Apogee: 301 kilometres (187 mi)
20 February
02:20
 Mu-3S-II  Kagoshima LA-M1  ISAS
 ASCA (ASTRO-D) ISAS Low Earth Astronomy 2 March 2001 Successful
21 February
18:32:33
 Soyuz-U2  Baikonur Site 1/5  VKS
 Progress M-16 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Logistics 27 March Successful
25 February
13:40
 RT-2PM Topol  Plesetsk  RVSN
  RVSN Suborbital Missile test 25 February Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
26 February
20:45
 Polaris/STARS  Barking Sands LC-42  Space Data Corporation
 FTU-1 SDC Suborbital Test 26 February Successful
Maiden flight of UGM-27 Polaris in STARS configuration; Apogee: 900 kilometres (560 mi)

March edit

2 March  LGM-118 Peacekeeper  Vandenberg LF-02  US Air Force
  US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 2 March Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
8 March
00:15
 Nike-Orion  White Sands  NASA
 CWAS 29 NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 8 March Successful
Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
10 March
13:38
 Nike-Orion  White Sands  NASA
 CWAS 30 NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 10 March Successful
Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
10 March  LGM-30G Minuteman III  Vandenberg LF-26  US Air Force
 GT-151GB US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 10 March Successful
Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
16 March
02:12:41
 Black Brant 9CM1  Wallops Island LA-2  SDIO
 SPEAR 3 SDIO Suborbital Plasma 16 March Successful
Apogee: 290 kilometres (180 mi)
22 March  Sonda-2  Alcântara  INPE
 Maruda INPE Suborbital Ionosphere 22 March Successful
Apogee: 102 kilometres (63 mi)
25 March
02:28
 Proton-K/DM-2  Baikonur Site 81/23  VKS
 Raduga 29 MOM Geostationary Communications In orbit Operational
25 March
13:15:27
 Start-1  Plesetsk Site 158  RVSN
 EKA MO RF Low Earth Technology In orbit Successful
Maiden flight of Start-1
25 March
21:38
 Atlas I  Cape Canaveral LC-36B  General Dynamics
 UHF-1 US Navy Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Launch failure
Booster engine failure left spacecraft in useless orbit
26 March
02:21
 Zenit-2  Baikonur Site 45/1  VKS
 Kosmos 2237 (Tselina-2) MO RF Low Earth ELINT In orbit Operational
30 March
03:09
 Delta II (7925)  Cape Canaveral LC-17A  McDonnell Douglas
 USA-90 (GPS IIA-10) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Successful
Decommissioned on 24 October 2005
30 March
12:00
 Tsyklon-2  Baikonur Site 90  VKS
 Kosmos 2238 (US-PM) MO RF Low Earth Reconnaissance 10 December 1994 Successful
31 March
03:34:13
 Soyuz-U2  Baikonur Site 1/5  VKS
 Progress M-17 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Logistics 3 March 1994 Successful

April edit

1 April
18:57:26
 Kosmos-3M  Plesetsk Site 133/3  VKS
 Kosmos 2239 (Parus) MO RF Low Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
2 April
10:09
 Black Brant XII  Poker Flat  NASA
 Alaska 93 NASA/UCB Suborbital Ionosphere 2 April Successful
Apogee: 1,425 kilometres (885 mi)
2 April
14:30:01
 Soyuz-U  Plesetsk Site 16/2  VKS
 Kosmos 2240 (Yantar-4K2) MOM Low Earth Reconnaissance 7 June Successful
6 April
19:07:27
  Molniya-M   Plesetsk Site 43/4   VKS
  Kosmos 2241 (Oko) MOM Molniya Missile defence 8 March 2022[3] Successful
8 April
05:29[1]
 Space Shuttle Discovery[4]  Kennedy LC-39B  United Space Alliance
 STS-56 NASA Low Earth Solar astronomy 17 April
11:37:19
Successful
 Spacelab Pallet ESA/NASA Low Earth (Discovery) Spacelab ATLAS-2
 SPARTAN-201 NASA Low Earth (Discovery) Solar
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts; SPARTAN deployed from Discovery on 11 April and retrieved on 13 April
12 April
17:18
 Black Brant IX  White Sands LC-36  NASA
 NIXT NASA Suborbital Solar 12 April Successful
Apogee: 226 kilometres (140 mi)
16 April
07:49
 Tsyklon-3  Plesetsk  VKS
 Kosmos 2242 (Tselina) MO RF Low Earth ELINT In orbit Operational
17 April
09:15
 Black Brant IX  White Sands LC-36  NASA
 SXT NASA/Colorado at Boulder Suborbital X-Ray astronomy 17 April Successful
Apogee: 254 kilometres (158 mi)
19 April
05:50
 RH-560  Sriharikota  ISRO
 SPICE-3 ISRO Suborbital Ionosphere 19 April Successful
Apogee: 323 kilometres (201 mi)
21 April
00:23
 Molniya-M  Plesetsk Site 43/4  VKS
 Molniya 3-57L MOM Molniya Communications 25 January 2004 Successful
25 April
13:56
 Pegasus  Edwards Balls 8  Orbital Sciences
 Orbcomm CDS-2 (VSUME) Orbcomm Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 Alexis STP Low Earth Technology In orbit Successful
26 April
14:50[1]
 Space Shuttle Columbia[5]  Kennedy LC-39A  United Space Alliance
  STS-55 NASA/DLR Low Earth Microgravity 6 May
14:30
Successful
 Spacelab Long Module 1 NASA/DLR Low Earth (Columbia) Spacelab D2
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
27 April
10:35
 Soyuz-U  Baikonur Site 31/6  VKS
 Kosmos 2243 (Yantar-1KFT) MOM Low Earth Reconnaissance 6 May Spacecraft failure
Mission aborted after six days
28 April
03:39:20
 Tsyklon-2  Baikonur Site 90  VKS
 Kosmos 2244 (US-PM) MO RF Low Earth Reconnaissance 18 March 1995 Successful

May edit

1 May
05:35
 Skylark 7  Esrange LA-S  DLR
 TEXUS 30 DLR Suborbital Microgravity 1 May Successful
Apogee: 234 kilometres (145 mi)
6 May
15:38
 Black Brant VIIIC  Poker Flat  NASA
  NASA Suborbital Plasma 6 May Successful
Apogee: 271 kilometres (168 mi)
11 May
14:56:01
 Tsyklon-3  Plesetsk  VKS
 Kosmos 2245 (Strela) MO RF Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 Kosmos 2246 (Strela) MO RF Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 Kosmos 2247 (Strela) MO RF Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 Kosmos 2248 (Strela) MO RF Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 Kosmos 2249 (Strela) MO RF Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 Komsos 2250 (Strela) MO RF Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
12 May
00:56:32
 Ariane 4 (42L)  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 Astra 1C SES Astra Geostationary Communications In orbit Operational
 Arsene (Oscar-24) RACE/AMSAT Medium Earth Communications In orbit Partial satellite failure
Maiden flight of Ariane 4 (42L); VHF transponder on Arsene failed during launch and UHF/S-band transponder failed on 6 September 1993, making satellite unusable
13 May
00:07
 Delta II (7925)  Cape Canaveral LC-17A  McDonnell Douglas
 USA-91 (GPS IIA-11) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Successful
Decommissioned on 20 December 2007
14 May
01:10
 Nike-Orion  White Sands  NASA
 CWAS-31 NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 14 May Successful
Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
19 May
00:47
 Nike-Orion  White Sands  NASA
 CWAS-32 NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 19 May Successful
Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
21 May
09:15:01
 Soyuz-U  Plesetsk Site 16/2  VKS
 Resurs F-17 MOM Low Earth Remote sensing 20 June Successful
22 May
06:41:47
 Soyuz-U2  Baikonur Site 1/5  VKS
 Progress M-18 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Logistics 4 July Successful
23 May
09:17
 LCLV  Cape Canaveral LC-20  BMDO
 Red Tigress 2A BMDO Suborbital Target 23 May Successful
Apogee: 378 kilometres (235 mi)
26 May
03:23
 Molniya-M  Plesetsk Site 43/4  VKS
 Molniya 1–86 MOM Molniya Communications In orbit Operational
26 May
09:43
 Nike-Orion  Centre d'Essais des Landes  DLR
DLR/Aérospatiale Suborbital Test flight 26 May Successful
Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
27 May
01:22
 Proton-K/DM-2  Baikonur Site 81/23  VKS
 Gorizont 28 RSCC Intended: Geosynchronous Communications 27 May Launch Failure
28 May
08:34
 LCLV  Cape Canaveral LC-20  BMDO
  BMDO Suborbital Target 28 May Successful
Apogee: 390 kilometres (240 mi)
29 May  Hwaseong 6  Musudan-ri  
Suborbital Missile test 29 May Successful
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
29 May  Hwaseong 6  Musudan-ri  
Suborbital Missile test 29 May Successful
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
29 May  Rodong-1  Musudan-ri  
Suborbital Missile test 29 May Successful
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi)
30 May  Hwaseong 6  Musudan-ri  
Suborbital Missile test 30 May Successful
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)

June edit

15 June
17:30
 LGM-30B Minuteman I  Vandenberg LF-03  US Air Force
 RSLP TDT-1 US Air Force Suborbital Target 15 June Launch failure
Apogee: 1 kilometre (0.62 mi)
16 June
04:39
 Black Brant IX  White Sands LC-36  NASA
  NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 16 June Successful
Apogee: 253 kilometres (157 mi)
16 June
04:17
 Kosmos-3M  Plesetsk Site 132/1  VKS
 Kosmos 2251 (Strela-2M) MO RF Low Earth Communications 10 February 2009 Successful
Collided with Iridium 33 after retirement.[6]
21 June
13:07:22[1]
 Space Shuttle Endeavour[7]  Kennedy LC-39B  United Space Alliance
 STS-57 NASA Low Earth Microgravity 1 July
12:52
Successful
 SpaceHab LSM NASA/SpaceHab Low Earth (Endeavour) Scientific research
Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts; Retrieved European Retrievable Carrier
22 June  Aries  White Sands LC-36  Orbital Sciences
  BMDO Suborbital Technology 22 June Successful
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
24 June
04:12:41
 Tsyklon-3  Plesetsk  VKS
 Kosmos 2252 (Strela-3) MO RF Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 Kosmos 2253 (Strela-3) MO RF Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 Kosmos 2254 (Strela-3) MO RF Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 Kosmos 2255 (Strela-3) MO RF Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 Kosmos 2256 (Strela-3) MO RF Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 Kosmos 2257 (Strela-3) MO RF Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
25 June
00:18
 Ariane 4 (42P)  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 Galaxy-4H Hughes Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
25 June
08:20
 Soyuz-U  Plesetsk Site 16/2  VKS
 Resurs F-17 MOM Low Earth Remote sensing 12 July Successful
25 June
23:30
 Scout G-1  Vandenberg SLC-5  NASA
 RADCAL (P92-1) US Air Force/STP Low Earth (Polar) Radar calibration In orbit Successful
26 June
13:27
 Delta II (7925)  Cape Canaveral LC-17A  McDonnell Douglas
 USA-92 (GPS IIA-12) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
 PMG NASA Low Earth Technology In orbit Successful
June  Prithvi  Balasore  DRDO
  DRDO Suborbital Missile test L+1 hour Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)

July edit

1 July
14:32:58
 Soyuz-U2  Baikonur Site 1/5  VKS
 Soyuz TM-17 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Mir EO-14 14 January 1994 Successful
Crewed orbital fight with three cosmonauts
2 July  LGM-30G Minuteman III  Vandenberg LF-09  US Air Force
 GT-152GM US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 2 July Successful
Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
7 July
07:15
 Tsyklon-2  Baikonur Site 90  VKS
 Kosmos 2258 (US-PM) MO RF Low Earth Reconnaissance 8 June 1995 Successful
7 July  UGM-133 Trident II  USS Pennsylvania, Eastern Range  US Navy
  US Navy Suborbital Missile test 7 July Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
7 July  UGM-133 Trident II  USS Pennsylvania, Eastern Range  US Navy
  US Navy Suborbital Missile test 7 July Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
14 July
03:19
 LGM-118 Peacekeeper  Vandenberg LF-05  US Air Force
  US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 14 July Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
14 July
16:40
 Soyuz-U  Plesetsk Site 43/3  VKS
 Kosmos 2259 (Yantar-4K2) MOM Low Earth Reconnaissance 25 July Successful
19 July
22:04
 Atlas II/IABS  Cape Canaveral LC-36A  General Dynamics
 USA-93 (DSCS IIIB-9) US Air Force Geostationary Communications In orbit Operational
22 July
08:25
 Black Brant X  Wallops Island  NASA
 WISP-2 NASA Suborbital Plasma 22 July Successful
Apogee: 900 kilometres (560 mi)
22 July
08:45
 Soyuz-U  Plesetsk Site 43/3  VKS
 Kosmos 2260 (Zenit-8) MOM Low Earth Reconnaissance 5 August Successful
22 July
22:58:55
 Ariane 4 (44L)  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 Hispasat 1B Hispasat Geostationary Communications In orbit Operational
 INSAT-2B ISRO Geostationary Communications In orbit Successful
23 July
08:22
 RT-2PM Topol  Plesetsk  RVSN
  RVSN Suborbital Missile test 23 July Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
27 July  Black Brant 9CM1  Centre d'Essais des Landes LA-CE  Matra
 BLANC Matra Suborbital Photography 27 July Successful
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
28 July
05:43
 Viper IIIA  Esrange  NASA
  NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 28 July Successful
Apogee: 116 kilometres (72 mi)
30 July
06:19
 Viper IIIA  Esrange  NASA
  NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 30 July Successful
Apogee: 116 kilometres (72 mi)

August edit

1 August
01:46
 Nike-Orion  Andøya NDRE
SCT-06 NDRE Suborbital Aeronomy 1 August Successful
Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
2 August
00:37
 Viper IIIA  Esrange  NASA
  NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 2 August Successful
Apogee: 110 kilometres (68 mi)
2 August
01:02
 Nike-Orion  Esrange   DLR/SSC
 Decimals-B SSC Suborbital Aeronomy 2 August Successful
Apogee: 105 kilometres (65 mi)
2 August
01:24
 Viper IIIA  Esrange  NASA
  NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 2 August Successful
Apogee: 105 kilometres (65 mi)
2 August
03:24
 Viper IIIA  Esrange  NASA
  NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 2 August Successful
Apogee: 106 kilometres (66 mi)
2 August
05:54
 Viper IIIA  Esrange  NASA
  NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 2 August Successful
Apogee: 107 kilometres (66 mi)
2 August
19:59
 Titan IVA (403)  Vandenberg SLC-4E  US Air Force
 SLDCOM-3 NRO Intended: Low Earth Communications T+101 seconds Launch Failure
 NOSS-2-3A US Navy Intended: Low Earth ELINT
 NOSS-2-3B US Navy Intended: Low Earth ELINT
 NOSS-2-3C US Navy Intended: Low Earth ELINT
Apogee: 33 kilometres (21 mi). One of the UA1207 solid rocket boosters exploded at T+101 seconds. Failure was attributed to damage caused by the ground crew due to an errant cut into one of the SRB segments while repairing the booster.
4 August
00:52
 Molniya-M  Plesetsk Site 43/3  VKS
 Molniya-3 No.58L MOM Molniya Communications 31 December 2013 Successful
9 August
10:02
 Atlas E  Vandenberg SLC-3W  US Air Force
 NOAA-13 NOAA Sun-synchronous Weather In orbit Successful
10 August
14:53:45
 Molniya-M  Plesetsk Site 16/2  VKS
 Kosmos 2261 (Oko) MOM Molniya Missile defence In orbit Operational
10 August
22:23:45
 Soyuz-U  Baikonur Site 1/5  VKS
 Progress M-19 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Logistics 13 October Successful
17 August
18:00
 Black Brant IX  White Sands LC-36  NASA
 SERTS 93-5 NASA Suborbital Solar 17 August Successful
Apogee: 312 kilometres (194 mi)
20 August
18:27
 UGM-133 Trident II  USS Nebraska, Eastern Range  US Navy
  US Navy Suborbital Missile test 20 August Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
24 August
10:45
 Soyuz-U  Plesetsk Site 16/2  VKS
 Resurs F-19 MOM Low Earth Remote sensing 10 September Successful
25 August
10:00
 Polaris/STARS  Barking Sands LC-42  Space Data Corporation
 Zodiac Beauchamp SDC Suborbital Target 25 August Successful
Apogee: 900 kilometres (560 mi)
28 August
09:45
 Aries  White Sands LC-36  NASA
 SXT (XOGS) NASA Suborbital X-Ray astronomy 28 August Launch Failure
Apogee: 8 kilometres (5.0 mi)
30 August
12:38
 Delta II (7925)  Cape Canaveral LC-17B  McDonnell Douglas
 USA-94 (GPS IIA-13) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Successful
Decommissioned on 1 May 2013[8]
31 August
04:40
 Tsyklon-3  Plesetsk  VKS
 Meteor 2–21 Roskosmos Low Earth Weather In orbit Successful
 Temisat Telespazio Low Earth Technology In orbit Successful
31 August  LGM-30G Minuteman III  Vandenberg LF-26  US Air Force
 GT-153GB US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 31 August Successful
Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)

September edit

3 September
11:17
 Atlas I  Cape Canaveral LC-36B  General Dynamics
 USA-95 (UHF-2) US Navy Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
7 September
13:25
 Soyuz-U2  Baikonur Site 31/6  VKS
 Kosmos 2262 (Don) MOM Low Earth Reconnaissance 18 December Successful
10 September
16:00
 Nike-Orion  White Sands  NASA
 CWAS 33 NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 10 September Successful
Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
12 September
11:45
 Space Shuttle Discovery  Kennedy LC-39B  United Space Alliance
 STS-51 NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment 22 September
07:56
Successful
  ORFEUS-SPAS NASA/DARA Low Earth (Discovery) Astronomy
 ACTS NASA Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts; ACTS deployed using Transfer Orbit Stage and retired on 28 April 2004
13 September
18:00
 Nike-Orion  White Sands  NASA
 CWAS 34 NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 13 September Successful
Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
15 September  LGM-118 Peacekeeper  Vandenberg LF-02  US Air Force
  US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 15 September Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
16 September
07:36:19
 Zenit-2  Baikonur Site 45/1  VKS
 Kosmos 2263 (Tselina-2) MO RF Low Earth ELINT In orbit Successful
16 September
23:00
 TR-1A  Tanegashima LA-T  NASDA
  NASDA Suborbital Microgravity 16 September Successful
Apogee: 264 kilometres (164 mi)
17 September
00:43:10
 Tsyklon-2  Baikonur Site 90  VKS
 Kosmos 2264 (US-PM) MO RF Low Earth Reconnaissance 7 August 1995 Successful
20 September
05:12
 PSLV  Sriharikota FLP  ISRO
 IRS 1E ISRO Intended: Low Earth Remote sensing 20 September Launch Failure
Maiden flight of PSLV; failed to reach orbit due to guidance system malfunction
26 September
01:45
 Ariane 4 (40)  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 SPOT 3 Spot Image Sun-synchronous Remote sensing In orbit Successful
 Stella CNES Low Earth Gravity In orbit Successful
Healthsat-2 SatelLife Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 Kitsat-2 KAIST Low Earth Technology In orbit Successful
 Eyesat Interferometrics/AMSAT Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 ItamSat Interferometrics/AMSAT Low Earth Communications In orbit Successful
 PoSAT-1 Low Earth Technology In orbit Successful
SPOT 3 ceased functioning on 14 November 1997; PoSAT-1 is the first Portuguese satellite
30 September
17:05:59
 Proton-K/DM-2  Baikonur Site 81/23  VKS
 Raduga 30 MOM Geostationary Communications In orbit Operational

October edit

4 October
17:45
 Black Brant IX  White Sands LC-36  NASA
 CU-4 NASA Suborbital Ultraviolet astronomy 4 October Successful
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
4 October
19:35
 Taurus-Orion  White Sands  NASA
  NASA Suborbital Plasma 4 October Successful
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
5 October
17:56
 Titan 23G/Star-37XFP-ISS  Vandenberg SLC-4W  US Air Force
 Landsat 6 NASA Intended: Low Earth Remote sensing 5 October Launch Failure
Upper stage failed to ignite; Apogee: 724 kilometres (450 mi)
8 October
08:00
 Long March 2C  Jiuquan LA-2B  CALT
 FSW 1–5 CASC Low Earth Reconnaissance 28 October Successful
8 October  Storm  White Sands SULF  US Air Force
 BTTV-4 (PAC-2) US Air Force Suborbital Target 8 October Successful
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
11 October
21:33:19
 Soyuz-U  Baikonur Site 1/5  VKS
 Progress M-20 Roskosmos Low Earth (Mir) Logistics 21 November Successful
18 October
14:53:10
 Space Shuttle Columbia  Kennedy LC-39B  United Space Alliance
 STS-58 NASA Low Earth Microgravity 1 November Successful
 Spacelab Long Module 2 NASA Low Earth (Columbia) Spacelab SLS-2
 EDO Pallet NASA Low Earth (Columbia) Cryogenic mission extension pallet
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
21 October
01:46
 INTA-300B  El Arenosillo  INTA
 FEIROX (FEIROH) INTA Suborbital Aeronomy 21 October Successful
Apogee: 154 kilometres (96 mi)
22 October
06:46
 Ariane 4 (44LP)  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 Intelsat 701 Intelsat Geostationary Communications In orbit Operational
26 October
10:00:04
 Kosmos-3M  Plesetsk Site 132/1  VKS
 Kosmos 2265 (Taifun) MO RF Low Earth Radar calibration 11 August 2003 Successful
26 October  Storm  White Sands LC-36  US Air Force
 BTTV-5 (ERINT) US Air Force Suborbital Target 26 October Successful
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
28 October
15:17
 Proton-K/DM-2  Baikonur Site 81/23  VKS
 Gorizont 28 MOM Geostationary Communications In orbit Operational
28 October
17:04
 Delta II (7925)  Cape Canaveral LC-17B  McDonnell Douglas
 USA-96 (GPS IIA-14) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational

November edit

2 November
12:10:09
 Kosmos-3M  Plesetsk Site 132/1  VKS
 Kosmos 2266 (Parus) MO RF Low Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
2 November  Zyb[9]  Submarine, Pacific Ocean  Russian Navy
 Efir RVSN Suborbital Technology L+1 hour Successful
Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)
3 November  S3  Centre d'Essais des Landes  
  Suborbital Missile test 3 November Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
4 November
07:07
 Skylark 7  Esrange LA-S  SSC
 MASER 6 SSC Suborbital Microgravity 4 November Successful
Apogee: 243 kilometres (151 mi)
5 November
08:25
 Soyuz-U  Baikonur Site 1/5  VKS
 Kosmos 2267 (Yantar-4KS1M) MOM Low Earth Reconnaissance 28 December 1994 Successful
17 November  Sonda-2  Natal  INPE
  INPE Suborbital Ionosphere 17 November Successful
Apogee: 555 kilometres (345 mi)
18 November
13:54:59
 Proton-K/DM-2  Baikonur Site 81/23  VKS
 Gorizont 29 MOM Geostationary Communications In orbit Operational
Sold to Rimsat as Rimsat-1, then to PASI as PASI-1, then to LMI as LIM-AP-1
18 November  UGM-133 Trident II  USS Nebraska, Eastern Range  US Navy
  US Navy Suborbital Missile test 18 November Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
20 November
01:17
 Ariane 4 (44LP)  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 Solidaridad-1 Tele Mexico Geostationary Communications In orbit Operational
 Meteosat 6 EUMETSAT Geostationary Weather In orbit Operational
26 November
11:00
 Skylark 7  Esrange LA-S  DLR
 TEXUS 31 DLR Suborbital Microgravity 26 November Successful
Apogee: 257 kilometres (160 mi)
28 November
23:40
 Atlas II  Cape Canaveral LC-36A  General Dynamics
 USA-97 (DSCS IIIB-10) US Air Force Geostationary Communications In orbit Operational
29 November
09:30
 Nike-Improved Orion  Esrange  DLR
 MINI-TEXUS 1 DLR Suborbital Microgravity 29 November Successful
Apogee: 146 kilometres (91 mi)
30 November  Storm  White Sands LC-36  US Air Force
 BTTV-6 (ERINT/GTF-2) US Air Force Suborbital Target 30 November Successful
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)

December edit

2 December
09:27
 Space Shuttle Endeavour  Kennedy LC-39B  United Space Alliance
 STS-61 NASA Low Earth (HST) Satellite refurbishment (HST-SM1) 13 December Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts
8 December
00:48
 Delta II (7925)  Cape Canaveral LC-17A  McDonnell Douglas
 USA-98 (NATO-4B) NATO/US Air Force Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
16 December
00:38
 Atlas IIAS  Cape Canaveral LC-36B  General Dynamics
 Telstar 401 AT&T Geostationary Communications In orbit Successful
Maiden flight of Atlas IIAS; Telstar 401 destroyed by a magnetic storm in 1997
17 December  Storm  White Sands SULF  US Air Force
 MTTV-1 (ERINT) US Air Force Suborbital Target 17 December Successful
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
18 December
01:27
 Ariane 4 (44L)  Kourou ELA-2  Arianespace
 DBS-1 Hughes Geostationary Communications In orbit Operational
 Thaicom 1 Shin Corporation Geostationary Communications In orbit Successful
22 December
20:37:16
 Molniya-M  Plesetsk Site 43/3  VKS
 Molniya 1–87 MOM Molniya Communications In orbit Operational
December  Volna[10]  Submarine  Russian Navy
  Russian Navy Suborbital Missile test L+1 hour Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)

Deep Space Rendezvous edit

Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
10 April Hiten Crashed intentionally on the Moon
22 August Mars Observer Lost contact prior to orbit insertion
28 August Galileo Flyby of 243 Ida Closest approach: 2,400 kilometres (1,500 mi)

EVAs edit

Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
17 January 4 hours
28 minutes
STS-54
Endeavour
 Gregory J. Harbaugh
 Mario Runco, Jr.
Tested space station construction techniques and mobility techniques.[11]
19 April
17:15
5 hours
25 minutes
22:40 Mir EO-13
Kvant-2
 Gennadi Manakov
 Aleksandr Poleshchuk
Used the Strela boom to install an electric motor on the Kvant-1 module for solar arrays originally installed on the Kristall module. After the installation, Poleshchuk noticed that one of the handles on the Strela boom had become loose and drifted away from Mir. The loss of the Strela handle meant the next EVA would have to be delayed until a new handle could be lifted to orbit the next Progress supply launch.
18 June
17:25
4 hours
33 minutes
21:58 Mir EO-13
Kvant-2
 Gennadi Manakov
 Aleksandr Poleschuk
After receiving the replacement part, Manakov and Poleshchuk first repaired the Strela boom and then installed the second electric drive for the solar array.
25 June 5 hours
50 minutes
STS-57
Endeavour
 G. David Low
 Peter Wisoff
Helped secure the antenna on the captured EURECA satellite in its stored position for return to Earth. Then both spacewalkers practiced construction maneuvers on the RMS.[12]
16 September
05:57
4 hours
18 minutes
10:16 Mir EO-14
Kvant-2
 Vasily Tsibliyev
 Aleksandr Serebrov
Began assembly of the experimental Rapana truss structure.
16 September
08:40
7 hours
5 minutes
15:45 STS-51
Discovery
 James H. Newman
 Carl E. Walz
Carried out tests on tools, tethers, and a foot restraint system in anticipation of the repair of the Hubble Space Telescope. A stuck tool chest lid slowed the closeout of spacewalk for at least 45 minutes.[13]
20 September
03:51
3 hours
13 minutes
07:05 Mir EO-14
Kvant-2
 Vasily Tsibliyev
 Aleksandr Serebrov
Completed assembly of the Rapana truss.
28 September
00:57
1 hour
52 minutes
02:48 Mir EO-14
Kvant-2
 Vasily Tsibliyev
 Aleksandr Serebrov
Inspected the Mir exterior for damage from the recent Perseid meteoroid shower. The most notable damage they found was a 5-millimetre (0.20 in) hole on one of the solar arrays.
22 October
15:47
38 minutes 16:25 Mir EO-14
Kvant-2
 Vasily Tsibliyev
 Aleksandr Serebrov
Continued their inspection of the Mir exterior for damage from the Perseids.
29 October
13:38
4 hours
12 minutes
17:50 Mir EO-14
Kvant-2
 Vasily Tsibliyev
 Aleksandr Serebrov
Completed their inspection of the entire outer surface of the Mir. They observed several marks on the hull, there were no complete penetrations. The spacewalking team did notice an unidentified piece of metal drifting by the orbital complex during their inspections.
5 December
03:44
7 hours
54 minutes
11:38 STS-61
Endeavour
 Story Musgrave
 Jeffrey A. Hoffman
HST servicing: Replaced two sets of gryoscopes and electrical control units, as well as a set of eight fuses. The spacewalks had considerable difficulty closing the latches on the doors due to thermal expansion of the closure bolts. Before re-entering the shuttle, the team prepared the payload bay for the next EVA.[14]
6 December
03:29
6 hours
36 minutes
10:05 STS-61
Endeavour
 Kathryn C. Thornton
 Thomas Akers
HST servicing: Thorton rode the RMS to handle the solar arrays while Akers made the cable connections as the team replaced two solar arrays on Hubble. One array was discarded into space, and one array was furled and stowed for return to earth.[14]
7 December
03:35
6 hours
47 minutes
10:22 STS-61
Endeavour
 Story Musgrave
 Jeffrey A. Hoffman
HST servicing: Replaced the WFPC with WFPC 2 and two magnetometers.[14]
8 December
03:13
7 hours
21 minutes
10:03 STS-61
Endeavour
 Kathryn C. Thornton
 Thomas Akers
HST servicing: Replaced Hubble's High Speed Photometer (HSP) with the Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR). This replacement fixed the spherical aberration in Hubble's mirror. The HSP was stowed for return to earth.[14]
9 December
03:30
7 hours
21 minutes
10:51 STS-61
Endeavour
 Story Musgrave
 Jeffrey A. Hoffman
HST servicing: Replaced the electronics for the solar array drive motors. They also placed some made-on-Endeavour covers over the new magnetometers to protect them from debris.[14]

References edit

  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link]
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link]
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link]
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Generic references:
  Spaceflight portal

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ a b c d "Launch Log". Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2008.
  2. ^ NASA (23 November 2007). "NASA – STS-54". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 11 May 2008.
  3. ^ "COSMOS 2241". N2YO.com. 8 March 2022. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  4. ^ NASA (23 November 2007). "NASA – STS-56". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 11 May 2008.
  5. ^ NASA (23 November 2007). "NASA – STS-55". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 11 May 2008.
  6. ^ Iannotta, Becky (11 February 2009). "U.S. Satellite Destroyed in Space Collision". Space.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
  7. ^ NASA (23 November 2007). "NASA – STS-57". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2008.
  8. ^ "NOTICE ADVISORY TO NAVSTAR USERS (NANU) 2013027". United States Coast Guard. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  9. ^ McDowell, Jonathan C. (17 April 2022). "General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects R-27". Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  10. ^ McDowell, Jonathan C. (16 April 2022). "General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects R-29". Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  11. ^ "Space Shuttle Flight 53 (STS-54)". NASA. 2008. Archived from the original on 27 November 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
  12. ^ Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-57 (56)". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 28 February 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
  13. ^ Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-51 (57)". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
  14. ^ a b c d e Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-61 (59)". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 20 March 2009. Retrieved 3 March 2009.