The list of religious populations article provides a comprehensive overview of the distribution and size of religious groups around the world. This article aims to present statistical information on the number of adherents to various religions, including major faiths such as Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and others, as well as smaller religious communities. It also includes the percentage of nonreligious and atheistic populations.
The data is primarily sourced from organizations like the Pew Research Center, global surveys, census reports, and research studies, offering insights into the demographic composition of religious affiliations across different regions and countries. The list also explores trends in religious growth, decline, and shifts, reflecting the dynamic nature of religious adherence in the global context.
Current world estimatesedit
Pew Research Center made its "Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050"[2] based on 2010 baseline estimates. Although 2020 is already in the past, new estimates for 2020 are still work in progress.[3] Their methodology is published as an appendix.[4]
^These figures may incorporate populations of secular/nominal adherents as well as syncretist worshipers, although the concept of syncretism is disputed by some.
^Nonreligious includes agnostic, atheist, secular humanist, and people answering 'none' or no religious preference. Half of this group is theistic but nonreligious.[5] According to a 2012 study by Gallup International "59% of the world said that they think of themselves as religious person, 23% think of themselves as not religious whereas 13% think of themselves as convinced atheists".[6]
^Chinese traditional religion is described as "the common religion of the majority Chinese culture: a combination of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, as well as the traditional non-scriptural/local practices and beliefs."
Countries with the greatest proportion of people without religion, including agnostics and atheists, from Irreligion by country (as of 2020[update]):[47]
Data is ranked by mean estimate in parentheses. Irreligious includes agnostic, atheist, secular people, and those having no formal religious adherence. It does not necessarily mean that those of this group don't belong to any religion. Some religions have harmonized with local cultures and can be seen as a cultural background rather than a formal religion. Additionally, the practice of officially associating a family or household with a religion, while not formally practicing the affiliated religion, is common in many countries. Thus, over half of this group is theistic and/or influenced by religious principles, but nonreligious/non-practicing and not true atheists or agnostics.[5] See Spiritual but not religious.
Taoists/Confucians/Chinese traditional religionistsedit
As a spiritual practice, Taoism has made fewer inroads in the West than Buddhism and Hinduism. Despite the popularity of its great classics the I Ching and the Tao Te Ching, the practice of Taoism has not been promulgated in America with much success;[79] these religions are not ubiquitous worldwide in the way that adherents of bigger world religions are, and they remain primarily an ethnic religion. Nonetheless, Taoist ideas and symbols such as taijitu have become popular throughout the world through tai chi, qigong, and various martial arts.[80]
The Chinese traditional religion has 184,000 believers in Latin America, 250,000 believers in Europe, and 839,000 believers in North America as of 1999[update].[88][89]
Ethnic and indigenous religionistsedit
Indigenous statistics come from the U.S. Department of State's International Religious Freedom Act (2009),[90] based on the highest estimate of people identified as indigenous or followers of indigenous religions that have been well-defined. Due to the syncretic nature of these religions, the numbers may not reflect the actual number of practitioners.
The Sikh homeland is the Punjab state, in India, where Sikhs make up approximately 58% of the population. This is the only place where Sikhs are in the majority. Sikhs have emigrated to countries all over the world – especially to English-speaking and East Asian nations. In doing so they have retained, to an unusually high degree, their distinctive cultural and religious identity.
Sikhs are not ubiquitous worldwide in the way that adherents of larger world religions are, and they remain primarily an ethnic religion. But they can be found in many international cities and have become an especially strong religious presence in the United Kingdom and Canada.[129] Sikhism is also the fastest growing religion in New Zealand and Australia.[130][131]
^Sikhs comprise 1.7% (23,786,052) of India's total population of 1,399,179,585 per 2023 estimate by the World Factbook.[166]
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^"The Sikh Community Today". Harvard University. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
^"American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance". Religion News Service. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000.
^"Sikhs in America:A History of Hate". ProPublica. Retrieved 28 March 2023. There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California.
^"April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month". State of Michigan Office of the Governor. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;
^"Want to know about Sikhism?". WUWM. Retrieved 28 March 2023. There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
^"A Brief Introduction to Sikhism". WTTW. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today.
^While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[172] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[173] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population.[174] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[175] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[176][177] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[178][179][180] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[181][188] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000-500,000 in 2021.[189][190][191]
^Glenn (6 September 2012). "2011 Australian Census - Fastest Growing Religions". Blog.id.com.au. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
^"2071.0 - Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 June 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
^"Over 40,000 Sikhs vote in secessionist Referendum in Italy". Geo News. it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in the county with a majority in Brescia.
^"Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy". Daily Pakistan. That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia
^"Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
^"Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
^"Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News. Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen
^"The Continuing Struggle for Religious Freedom by Italy's Sikh Community". The Wire. It is estimated that there are around 220,000 Sikh migrants in Italy. The community, however, has been largely invisible to native Italians. The majority of Sikhs are dairy workers, living far from the cities, and settled mainly in the farms of north and central Italy.
^Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 9789004254756. According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents
^"The Sikhs Spearheading The Italian Parmesan Cheese Industry". Homegrown. Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air
^"Gobind Singh Deo is Malaysia's first Sikh minister". The Economic Times. Malaysia has nearly 100,000 Sikh population.
^"Malaysia gets first Sikh minister". WION. Miri Indian Association president, Councillor Karambir Singh was quoted as saying by the Borneo Post. Malaysia has nearly 100,000 Sikh population
^"On the Gurdwara Trail in Malaysia: A Spiritual Experience". SikhNet. The Malaysian Sikh community is the fourth largest ethnic group of Malaysian Indians. It is estimated that over 100,000 Sikhs reside in Malaysia. The Sikh population is the largest here among Southeast and East Asia.
^Gokulan, Dhanusha. "Sikhs in UAE hail country's year of 'respect, inclusion'". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
^"Punjabi community involved in money lending in Philippines braces for 'crackdown' by new President". The Indian Express. 18 May 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
^"Khalsa Diwan Sikh Temple - Gurdwara Philippines". 1 December 2011. Archived from the original on 1 December 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
^"Portugal Fact Sheet". Embassy of India (Lisbon, Portugal). Sikhs (35,000), In recent years, the number of Indians (especially from Punjab/Haryana) has increased significantly owing to the easing of immigration norms by Portugal. However, since many of them do not have valid residency documents, official figures are not available.
^"France's Sikh Minority Looks Set to Vote Against Marine Le Pen". The Wire. 6 May 2017.
^Garha, Nachatter Singh (6 February 2020). "Masculinity in the Sikh Community in Italy and Spain: Expectations and Challenges". Religions. 11 (2): 76. doi:10.3390/rel11020076.
^"Mitgliederzahlen: Sonstige - REMID - Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst e.V." remid.de (in German). Retrieved 16 August 2017. Sikhs, 25,000 (2020)....The "German Information Center for Sikh Religion, Sikh History, Culture and Science (DISR)" estimates the number of Sikhs in Germany at 18,000 for 2017
^Lavin, Talia (26 April 2015). "Vibrant Vaisakhi Celebrates Sikh Life In Greece". Huffington Post. The Sikh community in Greece, numbered at around 20,000 according to a 2012 report, joined together to mark the holy day
^"Kuwait To Seek Closure of "Illegal" Sikh Temple". Outlook India. 3 February 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
^Pinto, Christina (14 August 2019). "Sikh Gurdwara discovered by 'intrepid' local reporter". TimesKuwait. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
^"Hong Kong stories: Getting to know the city's Sikh community". Young Post. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
^Lawrence, Mary (22 May 2022). "Het licht van God zien in de ander, daar gaat het om bij de sikhs" [Seeing the light of God in the other, that's what the Sikhs are all about]. Trouw. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2023. In Nederland wonen zo'n 15.000 sikhs, die hier sinds de jaren zestig vanuit Afghanistan, Pakistan en India kwamen, op zoek naar werk of op de vlucht voor de Sovjets, de Taliban of de geradicaliseerde aanhangers van Indira Gandhi, nadat zij in 1984 door haar sikhlijfwacht was vermoord. Ons land telt inmiddels negen gurdwara's. [Some 15,000 Sikhs live in the Netherlands, who have come here from Afghanistan, Pakistan and India since the 1960s, looking for work or fleeing the Soviets, the Taliban or the radicalized followers of Indira Gandhi, after they were killed in 1984. her Sikh bodyguard had been killed. Our country now has nine gurdwaras.]
^ARDA claim: "Most Baháʼí Nations (2010)". QuickLists > Compare Nations > Religions. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2010. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
^"Jain festival Paryushana uses prayer, fasting and meditation to ask for forgiveness". Young Post. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
External linksedit
Asian-Nation: Religious Affiliation among Asian Americans
International Religious Freedom Report 2007 of U.S. Department of State